2016春高中英语 Unit 4 Earthquakes Section Ⅰ Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading .ppt

Unit4Earthquakes,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,Earthquakes【文章导语】Themostterribleviolenceinnaturemaybeearthquakestheyalwayshappenwithoutanysigns.Todayletsgetclosetoearthquakesandknowaboutthem.自然界最可怕的暴力或许是地震它们往往毫无征兆,突然发生。今天就让我们走近地震,了解地震。,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,Somecountrieshavealargenumberofearthquakes.Japanisoneofthem.Othersdonothavemany.Forexample,therearefewearthquakesinBritain.Thereisoftenagreatnoiseduringanearthquake.Theearthshakes.Housesfalldown.Railwaylinesarebroken.Sometimesmanypeoplearekilledinanearthquake.,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,Earthquakesoftenhappennearvolcanoes,butthisisnotalwaystrue.Thecentersofsomeareunderthesea.Thebottomoftheseasuddenlymoves.Thepowerfulforcesinsidetheearthbreaktherocks.Thecoastisshakenandgreatwavesappear.Thesewavestravellongdistancesandrushoverthelandwhentheyreachit.Theyarestrongenoughtobreakdownhousesandotherbuildings;sometimestheybreakmorebuildingsthantheearthquakeitself.Whatkindofbuildingstandsupbestinanearthquake?Abuildingwithconcretewallsisperhapsthebest.Asteelframewillmakeitevenstronger.Thereislesschanceoffirebecauseconcreteandsteeldonotburn.Thiskindofbuildingisthesafest.,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,译文:地震有些国家地震非常频繁。日本就是其中之一。其他国家的地震不太多。例如,英国几乎没有地震。地震经常伴有巨大的噪音。大地颤抖。房子倒塌。铁路线破坏。有时许多人在地震中丧生。地震经常发生在火山附近,但是这并不总是真实的。有些地震的中心在海底。海底突然移动。这种地球内部的强大力量把岩层弄断。海岸摇动,巨浪出现。这些海浪移动很远的路程,冲刷它们所到达的陆地。这些海浪力量巨大,足以把房屋和其他建筑摧毁;有时它们摧毁的房屋要比地震本身多。什么样的房屋能够在地震中挺立得最好呢?混凝土墙壁的建筑物也许是最好的。钢建筑框架使得它更加牢固。发生火灾的可能性很少,因为混凝土和钢是不燃烧的。这种建筑物是最安全的。,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,volcano/vlkeIn/n.火山frame/freIm/n.框架,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,Asteelframewillmakeitevenstronger.译文:钢建筑框架将使得它更加牢固。剖析:形容词stronger在句子中作宾语it的补足语。其中even用来修饰比较级。,词海拾贝,难句剖析,理解诱思,1.Whatcausesearthquakes?答案:Thepowerfulforcesinsidetheearthcauseearthquakes.2.Whatshouldwedowhentheearthquakeshappen?答案:Differentstudentshavedifferentanswers.3.Wheredoearthquakesoftenhappen?A.Underthesea.B.Inmoderncities.C.InsomecountrieslikeBritain.D.Nearvolcanoes.答案:D,SectionWarmingUp,Pre-reading,Reading马上【高考典句】(2014江苏高考)Dad,IdontthinkOlivertherightsortofpersonforthejob.爸爸,我认为奥里弗不是那种适合这项工作的人。Isee,Illgorightawayandpayhimoff.我明白了。我立刻去给他付清工资让他走。【高考典句】TheT-shirtIreceivedisnotthesameasisshownonline.我收到的T恤衫和网上展示的不一样。Howcome?ButIpromiseyouwelllookintoitrightaway.怎么会呢?但我向你承诺我们将立刻调查这件事情。Waitforamoment.Iwillbebackrightaway.等一会儿,我马上回来。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,rightaway用法归纳:rightnow现在;马上atonce马上;立刻withoutdelay毫不延迟innotime马上;立刻immediatelyadv.马上;立刻,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,2)Itsnotearly,soyoudbetterstartright.同义句转换3)Wehaveafewminutesleft,soweshouldstartimmediately.Wehaveafewminutesleft,soweshouldstart.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,翻译句子4)你最好立刻和他联系。答案:1)accepting2)away/now3)rightaway/atonce/withoutdelay4)Youdbettergetintouchwithhimrightaway.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,2.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat.(P26)农家大院里的鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。剖析:本句中的介词短语Inthefarmyards在句中作地点状语,意思是“在农家大院中”。toonervoustoeat在句子中作表语,意思为“太紧张了而不吃食物”,在这里我们要注意词组too.to.,意为“太而不能”。如:Themanistoooldtocarrysuchaheavybox.这个人太老了,搬不动这么重的箱子。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,词组too.to.可以由词组benotenoughto替换。副词too与all,only,quite等副词连用,构成alltoo.“太”;onlytoo.“非常、实在太”;quitetoo.“简直太”。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,3.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.(P26)在市内,有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。考点:burstvi.爆裂;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发【高考典句】(2014安徽高考)Thenshethrewastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintolife.接着她把一块石头扔进蜂房,这使得蜜蜂活跃起来。Whentheballoonburst,thelittlegirlburstoutcrying/burstintotears.气球爆裂了,小女孩突然大哭起来。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,Thestormburstandweallgotwet.突然下起了暴雨,我们都淋湿了。归纳:burst为不规则动词,其过去式、过去分词均为burst。Uponhisappearance,therewasaburstofapplause.他一出现就爆发出一阵掌声。考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出burst的词组及含义。Whenthemanburstintotheoffice,Iwastalkingwithastudentofmine.当男子闯入办公室的时候,我正在和我的一名学生谈话。词组:burstinto含义:闯入,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,Thewomanfeltwrongedandburstintotears.=Thewomanfeltwrongedandburstoutcrying.这个妇女感到委屈,放声哭起来。词组:burstintotears=burstoutcrying含义:突然大哭,放声大哭Uponhearingthefunnystory,everybodyburstintolaughter.=Uponhearingthefunnystory,everybodyburstoutlaughing.一听到这个滑稽的故事,大家都突然大笑起来。词组:burstintolaughter=burstoutlaughing含义:突然大笑/放声大笑,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,HeburstinonmewhileIwasworking.我在工作时,他突然打断了我。Thedooropenedsuddenlyandthechildrenburstin.门突然打开了,孩子们闯了进来。词组:burstin含义:打断;闯进来,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,4.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!(P26)仿佛到了世界末日!剖析:本句中的asif引导的是一个表语从句,其中asif可以与asthough换用。考点一:asif仿佛;好像【高考典句】(2014重庆高考)ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?是约翰打破了窗子。你为什么和我谈话就好像是我做的一样?Hewalkedinasifhehadboughttheschool.他走进来,仿佛他已经购买了这所学校。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出asif/though的用法。Itseemsasif/thoughtheirteamisgoingtolosethegame.看来他们队好像要输掉这场比赛。用法:asif与asthough同义,在look,seem等系动词后引导表语从句。Thefloodwaterpushedasidethecarsasiftheyweretoys.洪水把汽车推向一边,就好像它们是玩具。用法:asif常用来引导方式状语从句。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,2)asif引导的从句的语气及时态根据当时的情况而定。当说话者认为句子所描述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,asif从句用陈述语气。当说话人认为句子所描述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时,asif从句用虚拟语气。阅读下列句子,指出asif从句接虚拟语气的用法。Hetreatshisstepfatherasifhewereastranger.他待他的继父如同陌生人一般。用法1:asif引导的从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词应该用were)。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,HespokeEnglishperfectlyasifhehadlivedinEnglandformanyyears.他英语讲得很好,好像他在英国生活了多年似的。用法2:asif引导的从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstwithjoy.我觉得自己心花怒放。用法3:asif从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,考点二:atanend结束;终结ThankGod!Theworkisatanend!谢天谢地!这活儿终于干完了!考点延伸阅读下列句子,指出end的词组及含义。WehadstudiedEnglishforthreeyearsbytheendoflastterm.到上学期末为止,我们已学了三年英语了。词组:bytheendof含义:到末Thewarcametoanendin1948.战争于1948年结束。词组:cometoanend含义:结束,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,【高考典句】(2014安徽高考)Attheendoftheday,shereturnedtotakemebacktomyaccommodation.在夜色将晚时,她回来把我带回我的住处。词组:attheendof含义:在结束时Hesatthereforhoursonend.他连续几个小时坐在那儿。词组:onend含义:连续地Wemustputanendtothisfoolishbehaviour.我们必须终止这种愚蠢的行为。词组:putanendto含义:结束Theplanendedinfailure.那项计划以失败告终。词组:endin含义:以结束,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,end词组归纳:atanend结束;终结bytheendof到末cometoanend结束attheendof在结束时;在末/尽头onend连续地putanendto结束endin以结束,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,5.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.(P26)一条八公里长三十米宽的巨大裂缝穿过房屋、道路和隧道。剖析:本句是一个复合句。从句是由关系代词that引导的定语从句,先行词是ahugecrack;that在定语从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作宾语。Thisisatreethatisfivemetrestall.这是一棵五米高的树。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,6.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.(P26)在可怕的十五秒钟内,一座大城市变成了一片废墟。考点:ruinn.废墟;毁灭vt.毁灭;损害Thesoldierswererescuingthepeopleburiedintheruins.战士们正在营救埋在废墟中的人们。【高考典句】(2014福建高考)Manyvillagecommunitiesfeeltheircountrysideisbeingruinedbythepower-producingmachinesofwindfarms.许多村社感到他们的乡村正在被风力发电场的发电机器所毁掉。Dontletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.不要让小小的分歧毁了你们的友谊。Iwasruinedbythatlawcase.我被那场官司毁了。,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,考点延伸1)inruins严重受损;破败不堪(一般用作表语)Afterthebigfire,thebuildingwasinruins.大火过后,大楼已成废墟。2)阅读下列句子,指出ruin的词组及含义。Alargenumberofchurchesfellintoruinaftertherevolution.革命过后,许多教堂都毁了。词组:fallintoruin含义:成为废墟;坍塌Itmadeourplancome/gotoruin.这使得我们的计划落空。词组:go/cometoruin含义:毁灭;落空,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,Heruinedhimselfbytakingdrugs.他因吸毒毁掉了自己。词组:ruinoneself含义:毁掉自己Whathedoeswillruinhisfame.他做的一切将毁坏他的名誉。词组:ruinonesfame含义:毁坏某人的名誉,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,ruin词组归纳:fallintoruin成为废墟;坍塌go/cometoruin毁灭;落空ruinoneself毁掉自己ruinonesfame毁坏某人的名誉,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,5,6,1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12,7.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.(P26)三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。剖析:“分数+of+.”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数应由of后面的词决定。如果of后面接population这一名词时,谓语动词的单复数应由表语来确定。【高考典句】(2014辽宁高考)Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.三分之二的美国人每天使用电脑或其他数码产品的时间多达七个小时。,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12,Two-thirdsoftheworkhasbeenfinishedbynow.到目前为止已完成了三分之二的工作。One-thirdofthepopulationinthatcityareforeigners.在那座城市三分之一的人是外国人。注意:类似用法的还有“someof,plentyof,alotof,mostof,therestof,allof,halfof,partof或百分数+of+.”。考点:injurevt.损害;伤害Youwillinjureyourhealthbysmokingtoomuch.你吸烟太多,会损害身体的。Oneoftheplayersinjuredhisknee.其中一名球员伤了膝盖。,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义。Werantoescapeandfortunatelynoonewasinjured.我们跑着逃脱,幸运的是,没有人受伤。词性:形容词含义:受伤的Theboycantgotoplaybasketballbecauseofhisinjury.那个男孩因为受伤不能去打篮球。词性:名词含义:伤害/损伤,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12,2)阅读下列句子,指出theinjured的含义及用法。Theinjuredintheaccidentweresenttothenearesthospitalrightaway.事故中的伤者立即被送往医院。含义:受伤的人/伤员(们)用法:theinjured作主语时,其谓语动词应用复数形式。,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12,3)辨析:injure/wound/hurt/harminjure一般指人在意外事故中造成的伤害,如机器造成的或在运动中受到的伤害。wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤,是出血的、严重的伤,特指在战场上受伤。hurt是一般用语,指肉体或精神上的伤害,常伴有强烈的疼痛感;还可表示“疼,痛”。harm指“危害,损害”。,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12,Thelittleherowaswoundedbadlyinthebattle,andunfortunately,hewasalsoinjuredinacaraccidentonhiswaytohospital,whichlethimfeelhurtdeeply.Heknewclearlythatthewarharmedthewholecountry.这位小英雄在一次战斗中严重受伤,不幸的是,在他去医院的途中又在一起车祸中受伤,这让他内心深受伤害。他清楚地知道那次战争给整个国家造成了危害。,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,12,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,8.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(P26)人们无论朝哪里看,哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。剖析:本句中的Everywhere用作连词,意为“无论哪里”,引导让步状语从句。如:Everywheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.他们每到一处,都受到热烈欢迎。,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,考点延伸everywhere也可用作副词或名词。【高考典句】(2015北京高考)Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.技术变化无处不在,影响着生活的每一个方面,大多数是朝更好的方向变化。Peoplecamefromeverywheretocelebratethevictory.人们从各处汇集而来庆祝胜利。,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,考点:destroyvt.破坏;毁坏;消灭【高考典句】(2014辽宁高考)Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneuronsinourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.这种隐藏的系统以一种与我们大脑的神经元网络相似的方式工作,但一棵树被毁掉时,它会影响到所有的。HeatgraduallydestroysvitaminC.加热会逐渐破坏维生素C。Theyvedestroyedalltheevidence.他们已经销毁了一切证据。,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,考点延伸辨析:destroy/damage/ruindestroy指彻底的损坏,常含有不能或很难修复的意思。damage意为“损坏,毁坏,损害”,指部分损坏,降低某物的使用价值。还可用作名词,意为“损坏”,do/causedamageto“给带来/造成损坏”。ruin指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是指非暴力的,也不是一次性打击的结果。也可指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,Asuddenstormdestroyedthefarmerscropsandgreatlydamagedtheirhouses,anditruinedtheirhope.一场突如其来的暴风雨毁坏了农民们的庄稼,并对房子造成了巨大破坏,这毁掉了他们的希望。,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,7,8,6,5,1,2,3,4,9,10,11,12,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,10,11,12,9.Peoplewereshocked.(P26)人们震惊了。考点:shockvt.震惊Theparentswereshockedbythenewsthattheirsonneededanoperationonhisknee.父母对他们的儿子膝盖需要手术的消息感到震惊。Shewastakentohospitalsufferingfromshock.她因休克被送到医院。【高考典句】(2014福建高考)Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.她的丈夫和她在一起,但是到处都是血,这个妇女非常尴尬,很明显处于极度震惊状态。,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,10,11,12,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出shock的用法。Thenewsofhisdeathwasashocktous.他去世的消息令我们震惊。用法:shock作“使人震惊的事情”讲时,常与不定冠词连用。2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及含义。Peoplepresentwereshockedatthewordsfromhim.在场的人们对于他说的话感到惊愕。词性:形容词含义:震惊的Theshockingnewshasleftthewomaningreatsorrow.这个令人震惊的消息使得这个妇女极度悲伤。词性:形容词含义:使人震惊的,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,10,11,12,8,9,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,10,11,12,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,10.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.(P26)有些救援人员和医生被困在了废墟下面。考点一:rescuen.营救Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,sendingsuppliestotheareaaftertheearthquake.地震发生后,许多救援人员夜以继日地工作,把物资运到那个地区。【高考典句】(2014课标全国高考)Manyscholarsaremakingeffortstorescuedisappearinglanguages.许多学者正在努力拯救正在消失的语言。,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,考点延伸1)阅读下列句子,指出rescue的词组及含义。Thelifeboatsweresenttorescuethesailorsfromthesinkingship.已派出救生艇去营救沉船上的水手们。词组:rescue.from.含义:把从(地方)营救出来JohncametomyrescuewhenIwasindanger.当我处于危险时,约翰来救了我。词组:cometoonesrescue含义:援救或帮助某人,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,2)辨析:rescue/saverescue多指在紧急情况下迅速有力地抢救,后常接from,意为“从中救出”。save是普通用语,使用范围比较广泛,意为“挽救,搭救”。考点二:trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱;困境【高考典句】(2015湖北高考)Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim,andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.那匹马驹事实上是被困在了两块岩石之间。农夫解救了它,它又开始快乐地到处跑。,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,Heusedsomecheesetotraptherat.他用了些乳酪诱捕老鼠。Thehuntersettrapstocatchfoxes.猎人设置了陷阱来捕捉狐狸。Whenyouareinatrap,Iwillcometoyourhelp.当你处于困境时,我会来帮助你。,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,考点延伸1)trap的过去式为trapped,过去分词也为trapped,现在分词为trapping。2)阅读下列句子,指出trap的词组及含义。Onceyoufallintoatrap,itwillnotbeeasytogetoutofit.一旦你落入了圈套,摆脱它就不那么容易。词组:fallintoatrap含义:落入圈套Theyweretrappedinacave.他们被困在山洞里。词组:betrappedin含义:被困在,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,trap词组归纳:fallintoatrap落入圈套betrappedin被困在,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,9,10,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,11,12,10,11,9,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,12,11.Allhopewasnotlost.(P26)不是所有的希望都破灭了。考点:本句是一个部分否定的句子。all/allof.not.,notall.,等表示部分否定,其意思是“并不是所有的,不是全部”。Notallthestudentsobeytheschoolrules.并非所有的学生都遵守校规。,10,11,9,8,7,6,5,1,2,3,4,12,考点延伸表示“并不是所有的”还有noteveryone/everybody/everything等。三者或三者以上的全部否定用noneof。两者的部分否定为:“both.not.”相当于“notboth.”,两者的全部否定为:“neither.”。no,none,noone,nobody,nothing,never,neither,nowhere,nomore,nolonger等表示否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起构成全部否定。阅读下列句子并翻译Noteverybodyhaspassedtheexam.翻译:并非每个人都通过了考试。Noneofusliketalkingwiththeman.翻译:我们中没有人喜欢和这个男子说话。Neitheroftheboysisrudetous.翻译:这两个男孩对我们都不粗鲁。,10,11,9,8,7,6,5,1