现代大学英语第二版精品课第二册第五课

ContemporaryCollegeEnglish(2ndEdition),BookII,2010.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,ContemporaryCollegeEnglish,TextAQuickFixSocietyUnit5BookII,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,ContemporaryCollegeEnglish,TextAnalysis,Vocabulary,Lead-inActivities,TeachingObjectives,Post-ReadingActivities,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,TeachingObjectives:ThisunitisintendedtoexposestudentstoacornerofAmericansociety,asocietyofQuickFix.Afterlearningtheessay,studentsaresupposedto:GetfamiliarwiththemodernlifestyleofmostAmericanpeopleandseethepossibleproblemsofaquickfixsociety;Graspthemainideaandstructureofthetext;Masterthemeaningsandusageofkeywordsandexpressions;Appreciatethewritingtechniquesinvolvedandputtheminuse.,Lead-in,Question:Doyouthinkpeoplenowadaysarelivinginafast-pacedsociety?Andtheywanteverythingtobedoneasquicklyaspossible?,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Entertainment,Eatinghabits,Fast-pacedSociety,Transport,Consumption,Fast-pacedSociety,Communication,Learninghabits,2010.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,2010.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,QuickFix?fix(n.)quickfixe.g.Thereisnoquickfixforstoppingpollution.e.g.aquickfixforobesity快速减肥药,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Somethingthatsolvesaproblem,Anexpedient,usuallytemporaryorinadequatesolutiontoaproblem权宜之计，急功近利的做法,Question:Whatdoyouthinkaretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesof“quickfixsociety”?,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Advantages,Disadvantages,Vocabulary,SIASUNIVERSITY,SIASUNIVERSITY,advocate(v./n.)(v.)Ifyouadvocatesomething,yousaypubliclythatsomethingshouldbedone.(n.)someonewhostronglyandpubliclysupportssomeoneorsomething(=advocator)e.g.Heisatirelessadvocateofpoliticalreform.,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,e.g.除非我们真正能做到，否则光嘴上说给老师涨工资是没有用的。,Thereisnopointadvocatinghighsalariesforteacherunlesswecandoit.,antique(a./n.)(a.)beingoldandthereforevaluablee.g.Itisanantiquerosewooddesk.(n.)anobject,esp.apieceoffurnitureoraworkofart,thatisoldandvaluablee.g.antiquity:ancienttimes,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,古老的紫檀木桌,anantiqueshop,anantiquedealer,pricelessantiques,compress(v.)pressedair压缩空气,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,落在半山腰上的雪被压成了冰。,Snowfallingonthemountainsidesiscompressedintoice.,compressaneventtomakeaprocessofsth.oraneventlastforashortertimethanusuale.g.(n.)compression,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,你最好把这两个月的工作压缩到一个月来完成。,Youdbettercompresstwomonthsworkintoone.,condense(v.)tocauseagasorvaportochangetoaliquide.g.洗完澡后，你会发现水蒸气凝结附在浴室的镜子上。tomakealiquidthickerbyremovingsomeofthewatere.g.Soupcondenseswhenboiled.condensedsoup浓汤condensedmilk炼乳,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Afteryoutakeabath,youllfindthatsteamcondensesonthebathroommirror.,tomakeapieceofwritingshorterbyremovingsomepartsandincludingthemostimportantparts(=compress)e.g.condenseareportintoabriefsummaryacondensedstory,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Distinguishthefollowingwords,contract收缩,compress压缩,condense浓缩,Fillintheblankswiththefollowingwords:compress,condense,contract.Thepupiloftheeyesdilatesand_inresponsetolight.Shesatonthelidofthesuitcaseto_theclothes.Thechairman_allthesuggestionsthatareputforwardintoasingleplanofaction.,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,contracts,compress,condensed,gratify(v.)togivepleasureorsatisfactiontosb.(=satisfy)begratifiedby/at/withsth.e.g.我对会议结果感到非常满意。begratifiedtosee/hear/learnsth.e.g.自从母亲回家后，他看到母亲的身体状况好转起来，甚感欣慰。,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Iwasmostgratifiedattheoutcomeofthemeeting.,Hewasgratifiedtoseetheimprovementinhismothershealthsinceshehadcomehome.,begratifiedthat-e.g.IwasgratifiedthattheyappreciatedwhatIdidforthem.gratifyonescuriosity满足某人的好奇心gratification(n.)=satisfactiondeferredgratification?Q:Doyouthinkyouwouldgetmoregratificationifwhatyouwanttogetisdeferred?Thesatisfactionorpleasurethatyougetfromsomethingafteracomparativelylongertimeiswhatwecall“deferredgratification”.,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,guarantee(v./n.)(v.)topromisethatsth.willhappenguaranteesth.tosb.guaranteesb.sth.guaranteetodosth.guaranteethat-e.g.我们不能保证火车在雾天正点到达。e.g.我不能保证我会在这儿工作超过一年。e.g.我保证你会喜欢这个电影的。,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Wecannotguaranteethepunctualarrivaloftrainsinfoggyweather.,Icannotguaranteetoworkhereformorethanayear.,Iguaranteethatyouwilllovethisfilm.,(v.)makeaneventlikelytohappene.g.Therainguaranteesagoodcropthisyear.e.g.Histurningupwillguaranteethesuccessofthemeeting.beguaranteedtodosth.(irony)(=becertaintodosth.)e.g.Thelatestincidentisguaranteedtomakethesituationworse.,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,(n.)Guessthemeaningsof“guarantee”inthefollowingsentences.Mywashingmachinedoesntwork.Luckily,itisstillunderguarantee,soIllhaveitrepaired.Canyougiveusaguaranteeofyourgoodbehavior?BankOfficer:Whatguaranteecanyouoffer?Customer:Icanoffermyhouseasaguarantee.,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,infect(v.)Toinfectpeople,animals,orplantsmeanstocausethemtohavediseaseorillness.e.g.beinfectedwithbacteriaaninfectedwounde.g.携带这种病毒的人可能感觉不到不舒服，可他们还是可能传染其他人。,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Peoplewiththevirusmayfeelperfectlywell,buttheycanstillinfectothers.,infectfillsb.smindorspiritwithaparticularfeelingorideae.g.Hercheerfulspiritsandbubblinglaughterinfectedthewholeclass.infectious(adj.),2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,outlet(n.)awayofexpressingorgettingridofstrongfeelingse.g.Ineedanoutletforallthatpent-upanger.thewayoutforwater,steam,etc.e.g.anoutletforwateranoutletofalakeashopthatsellsgoodsbyaparticularcompany经销店，门市部e.g.afast-foodoutlet,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,refresh(v.)Ifsomethingrefreshesyouwhenyoufeelhot,tired,orthirsty,itmakesyoufeelcoolerormoreenergetic.e.g.你睡两小时觉就精神了。e.g.洗个淋浴你就精神了。e.g.refreshyourselfwithacupoftea/ahotbath(=makesb.recall)(=topsb.up),2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Youllfeelrefreshedafter2hourssleep.,Ashowerwillrefreshyou.,refreshonesmemory,refreshonesdrink,revitalize(v.)revitalizeindustryrevitalizetheeconomyrevitalizeeducatione.g.轻轻按摩可以使肌肤充满活力。,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,vital,vitalize,revitalize,toputnewlife/strength/powerintosth.,Gentlemassagewillrevitalizeyourskin.,skim(v.)skimsth.fromthesurfaceofaliquide.g.skimthefatoffthesoupsth.skimsasurfacee.g.Aswallowskimmedoverthelake.skimstonesskimthrough/oversth.e.g.很多时候，我们读报纸要略读，而不是每个字都读。,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Inmanycases,weneedtoskimthroughthenewspaperinsteadofreadingeverywordincluded.,Threewaysoffastreading:skimming略读（认知整体）(Trytofindthemainpointsofapassage)scanning寻读（定位细节）(Trytolocatethespecificdetailsincluded)skipping跳读（克服回读）,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,letsth.slidee.g.Shegotdepressedandbegantoletthingsslide.slideintosth.e.g.slideintobadhabitsslideintodebts,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,stuff(v.)stuffaspacewithsth.tofillaspacewithsth.orwithaquantityofthingsuntilitisfulle.g.每次我们去看望外婆，她总是给我们的口袋里塞满糖果。e.g.他的钱包总是塞满了钞票。stuffoneselfwithalotoffood,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Eachtimewewenttoseeoutgrandma,shewouldstuffourpocketswithcandy.,Hiswalletisalwaysstuffedwithbills.,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,TextAnalysis,Introductiontothetext,Detailedanalysis,Grammar,WritingTechniques,Generalunderstanding,SIASUNIVERSITY,HereitreferstothelifestyleofmodernAmericanpeoplewhoareimpatienttogeteverythingdoneandwanttofindthequicksolutiontoeverything.,Anexplanatorypieceofwriting,ToexplainthelifestyleofmodernAmericanpeopleandappealforsomechangeinpeoplesattitude,2013.04,Mainidea,SummaryTheauthorsexperienceof_madeherthinkabout_.Thecontrastbetweentheway_andanotherway_madeherthinkaboutthe_,whichistypicalof_aspects:_.Shereconsideredthematter,andputforwardheropiniononthisissue:_,SIASUNIVERSITY,atriptoWestVirginia,thelifestyleofmodern,Americanpeople,shetooktogetthere,shetooktocomeback,fast-lanelifeofAmericanpeople,3,nowinsteadoflater;,fasterinsteadofslower;,superficiallyinsteadofthoroughly,Letsslowdownandenjoywhat,natureoffersusandwhatmankindhasleftusand,rediscoverlife.,2013.04,Structure,Clear-cut3parts:,SIASUNIVERSITY,Part1(Para.1-3)Introduction,ThewritercomparesherrideonfastroadstoWestVirginiaandherreturntripbyadifferentroute.ThecontrastsetherthinkingwhethertherewassomethingwrongwithAmericansquickfixlifestyle.,Part2(Para.4-6)Body,ThreewaysAmericansseekaquickfix.,Part3(Para.7-8)Conclusion,Theauthorsreflectiononthephenomenon.,2013.04,Part1:(Para.1-3)Introduction,Q:WhatmadetheauthorthinkaboutthelifestyleofAmericanpeople?A:Theauthortook_inWestVirginia.Whenshetookthe_togetthere,shefoundthetrip_.Whenshecameback,shetookanotherwayto_,whichshefound_.ThecontrastmadeherthinkaboutWhether_lifeistheonlylifestyleofmodernAmericanpeople.,SIASUNIVERSITY,aweeksvacation,turnpike,fastbutdull,slowdownandenjoythecountrylife,fulloffun,thefastlane,2013.04,Languagepoints,WestVirginia:astateoftheU.S.locatedtothesouthofPennsylvania.cantwait/canhardlywaittodosth.,SIASUNIVERSITY,beeagertodosth.assoonassb.could(usedwhenemphasizingthatsb.isveryexcitedaboutsth.orkeentodosth.),e.g.她一收到清华大学的录取通知书便迫不及待把这个好消息告诉父母。,WhenshereceivedtheletterofadmissionfromTsinghuaUniversity,shecouldntwaittobreakthegoodnewstoherparents.,2013.04,CulturalnotesaboutthefastroadsinAmerica,Highway:mainpublicroadthatusuallyconnectscitiesSuperhighway:ahighwaywithmanylanes(6lanes)InterstateHighways:highwaysthatconnectcitiesindifferentstates,sometimesgothroughseveralstates,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,Freeways(=MotorwaysinBr.E):averywideroadintheUS,builtforfasttravel;atoll-freehighwayExpressways:fastroadsinornearcities;high-speeddividedhighwayfornon-stoptrafficwithaccesspartiallyorfullycontrolledTurnpike(=Tollway):fastroad(anexpressway)whichyouhavetopayasmallamountofmoneybeforeyoucanuse,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,Languagepoints,andtheherdofcowsisreducedtoafewdotsintherear-viewmirror.(para.1),SIASUNIVERSITY,n.+of+apluraln.主谓一致的问题,e.g.Anarmyofvolunteersisworkingfortheproject.Ateamofspecialistshasarrivedtolookintotheaccident.,e.g.Theherdofdeerwerewanderinghereandtherethroughthefieldsandwoods.,2013.04,Languagepoints,For4hours,ouronlyrealamusementconsistedofcountingexitsignsandwonderingwhatitwouldfeelliketoholdstillagain.(para.1),SIASUNIVERSITY,included,gerundastheobjectof“of”,introductory“it”,The4-hourdriveinfastroadswastedious;Theonlyfunwehadwastocounttheexitsignswewerepassingandtofigureouthowwewouldfeelifwestoppedagain.,e.g.Iwonderwhatitwouldfeelliketowinalotteryof5millionyuan.,Paraphrase:,2013.04,Languagepoints,Gettingtherecertainlydidntseemlikehalfthefun;infact,gettingtherewasntanyfunatall.(para.1),SIASUNIVERSITY,gerundassubject,thefuninourexpectation,Paraphrase:WehadexpectedthatourridetoW.V.wouldbefun,andthathalfofthefunwedgetfromthetripwouldcomefromit.Butwewerewrong.Itwasntfunatall.,Translation:在路途中我们享受到的乐趣连想象中的一半也没有。事实上，路途中一点乐趣也没有。,2013.04,Culturalnote:,outsideof(Am.E)=outsidePhiladelphia:acityintheUSstateofPennsylvania,whichisanimportantportandanindustrialandfinancialcentre.Philadelphia,whichisinformallycalledPhilly,isthefifthlargestcityintheUS.TheDeclarationofIndependencefromBritainwassignedinPhiladelphiain1776,andthecitywasthefirstcapitalofthenewUnitedStates.,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,Languagepoints,Thetwodaysittookustomakethereturntripwerefilledwithnewexperiences.(para.2),SIASUNIVERSITY,Attributiveclauseof“thetwodays”;theintroducer“that”isomitted.,Ittookustwodaystomakethereturntrip.Theroutewaslongerandwedrovemuchmoreslowly.Butwehadmanydiscoveries.,Paraphrase:,2013.04,Q:Whatexperiencesdidtheauthorhaveinherreturntrip?,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,CivilWarbattlefield,PennsylvaniaDutchtowns,Antiqueshopsandoutletshops,Deliciousfoodinfarmhouserestaurant,Languagepoints,WetouredaCivilWarbattlefieldandstoodonthelittlehillthatfifteenthousandConfederatesoldiershadtriedtotakeonanotherhotJulyafternoon,onehundredandtwenty-fiveyearsago,notknowingthathalfofthemwouldgetkilledinthevainattempt.,SIASUNIVERSITY,Attributiveclausemodifying“thelittlehill”,Adverbialoftimeoftheclause,Presentparticipleasadverbialofsimultaneousactionto“triedtotake”,2013.04,theCivilWar,Time:1861-1865FightingArmies:theNorthernStatesv.stheSouthernStatesPurpose:toreunifythecountryResult:theNorthernpartywon.Battlefieldhere:thebattlefieldofthefamousGettysburgBattleinJuly,1863.AtGettysburg,manymenwerekilledonbothsides,theUnionArmyofthenorthernstatesdefeatedtheConfederateArmyoftheSouth.LincolnsAddress:ThevictoryistheturningpointsoftheCivilWar.Afterthecampaign,onNov.19,PresidentLincolndeliveredthewell-knownGettysburgAddress.,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,Languagepoints,OnanotherhotJulyafternoon:ItindicatesthatthewriterandherhusbandvisitedthebattlefieldonahotJulyafternoon.Paraphrase:WevisitedaCivilWarbattlefieldandstoodonthelittlehill.125yearsago,onahotJulyafternoon,15,000soldiersoftheConfederateArmy,fightingforslaverywhiletryingtooccupythehill,hadnoideathattheywouldfailandthathalfofthemwouldbekilledinthebattle.,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,TheGettysburgAddress,Gettysburg,PennsylvaniaNovember19,1863Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattle-fieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,But,inalargersense,wecannotdedicate-wecannotconsecrate-wecannothallow-thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus-thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion-thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain-thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom-andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.,SIASUNIVERSITY,2013.04,Languagepoints,WedroveslowlythroughmainstreetsofsleepyPennsylvaniaDutchtowns,slowingto20milesanhoursoasnottocrowdthehorsesandhorsecarriagesontheirwaytomarket.(para.2),2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Sleepy:quiet;nothingmuchhappens.,Slow:hereisusedasaverb,meaninggoataslowerspeed.,Soasnottocrowdthehorses:inordernottodisturbthehorses.Noticethenegativeformofto-infinitive.,PennsylvaniaDutchTowns(美国德裔宾夕法尼亚州人),2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,ThisreferstotheGerman-speakingcommunitiesthatimmigratedtoPennsylvaniaduringthe17thand18thcenturiesintheirsearchforreligiousfreedom.,Location:southcentralPennsylvania,1.5hourswestofPhiladelphia,withLancastercountyasitscenter.,TheAmish:theoldestgroupofpeoplelivinginLancastercounty;Theystresshumility,family,communityandseparationfromtheworld.,Twodistinguishingfeatures:antiqueshoppingandoutletshopping;PDTisknownas“SundayantiquescapitaloftheU.S.”.Thereyoullfindover240factoryoutletstoreswhereproductsofqualitymerchandisearesoldatreducedprices.,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,TheAmishslifestyle,Thesepeopleasawholearenotasmaterialisticasmodernsocietytoday.Peoplethereareleadingaverysimplelifestyle.Theydonotuseelectricityorautomobilesorothermodernconveniences.,Amishmenhavebeards,butnotmustaches.,MostAmisharetrilingual.TherearedialectsofGerman,HighGerman,andEnglish.,TheyareaprivatepeoplewhobelieveGodhaskeptthemtogether.Theyareastrongexampleofacommunitythatsupportsandcaresforitsmembers.Theyareapeopleapart,separatedfromotherpeople.Theyarealsoapeopletogether,withastrongsenseofjointforce.,Languagepoints,Westuffedourselveswithspicysaladsandhomemadebreadinan“all-you-can-eat”restaurant,(para.2),2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Weateuntilourstomachswerefull.Noticethehumoroususehere.,Noticethewordsconnectedwithhyphens.InEnglish,suchwordscanbetakenasasinglecompoundword,functioningasanattributivemodifyinganoun.,the“I-hate-to-wait”attitude(para.5)our“we-want-it-all-and-we-want-it-now”lifestyle(para.8),Similarpattern:,Languagepoints,thenwanderedoutsidetoenjoythesunshineandtheherdsofcows-nolittledotsthistime-lyinginit.(para.2)wander:towalkleisurely;toroamQ:Whatdoes“it”refertohere?“It”herereferstothesunshine.,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Paraphrasethewholesentence:,Wehadamealinafarmhouserestaurantwhereforacertainamountofmoneyyoucouldeatasmuchasyouwanted,andwefedourselveswithalotofspicysaladsandhomemadebread.Afterthemeal,wewalkedleisurelyoutdoorstoenjoythesunshineandlookattheherdsofcows-thistimetheydonotseemlikelittledots-lyinginthesunshine.,Languagepoints,Andwereturnedhomerefreshed,revitalizedandreeducated.(para.2),2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Complementofthesubject“we”.Theyareheretoexpressthestate“we”werein,insteadofmodifyingtheverb“gothome”.,Paraphrase:,Whenwegothome,wenotonlyfeltfreshandenergetic,butalsofeltthatwehadexperiencedanewwayoflife.,回到家，我们不仅感到精力充沛，活力焕发，而且对生活有了新的认识和体验。,Translation:,Languagepoints,Whyisitthatthefeaturelessturnpikesandinterstatesaretheroutesofchoiceforsomanyofus?Whydoesnteverybodytryslowingdownandexploringthecountryside?(para.3)Noticetherhetoricalquestionshere.Paraphrasethesentence?Whydosomanyofuschoosetheuninterestingfastroadswhenwetravel?Whydontwetrydrivingabitslowlyandtravelintothecountrysidetodiscoverandexperiencelifethere?,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Togetaroundfromplacetoplace,Languagepoints,Infact,mostAmericansareconstantlyinahurry-andnotjusttogetfrompointAtopointB.Ourcountryhasbecomeanationinsearchofthequickfix-inmorewaysthanone.(para.3),2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,always,Paraphrase,Infact,mostAmericansarealwaysinarush.Peoplearenotonlytryingtofindthefastwaytogetaroundfromplacetoplace,butalsolookingforwaysofgettingthingsdonequicklyinvariousaspectsoflife.,Transitionfromintroductiontobody,Part2:(Para.4-6)Body,Q:WhatarethethreeaspectsofAmericansseekingforQuickFix?,2013.04,SIASUNIVERSITY,Nowinsteadoflater(para.4),Fasterinsteadofslower(para.5)