非谓语动词PPT课件

.,1,非谓语动词解题的八条经典原则,.,2,一、非谓语动词的考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；2、非谓语动词作定语；3、非谓语动词作主语和表语；4、非谓语动词作宾语；5、非谓语动词作宾补；6、非谓语动词作状语；7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。,.,3,二、非谓语动词的句法功能,.,4,1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_foraspaceflight.TrainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained,.,5,2._thiscake，youllneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式,.,6,原则二：用于名词后作定语时，使用非谓语动词的原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用现在分词，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义.,.,7,TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames_inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld2.Therearehundredsofvisitors_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait,.,8,3.“Things_nevercomeagain!”Icouldnthelptalkingtomyself.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost2.Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving,.,9,1.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.MovedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved2.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow_hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.A.saidB.saysC.sayingD.tosay,原则三：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词,.,10,3.Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass，hewouldanswercarelessly，always_thesamething.SayingB.saidC.tosayD.havingsaid4.Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys，footballsorbasketballs，_thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.ThinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought,.,11,Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_inthenaturallightduringtheday.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet2.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching,原则四：作结果状语，用现在分词或不定式，其区别是，一般要用现在分词表自然而然的结果，不定式表意外不好结果.,.,12,Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_thatthetrainhadleft.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound,.,13,ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard2.Therepairscostalot，butitsmoneywell_.A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending3.Fivepeoplewonthe“ChinasGreenFigure”award，atitle_toordinarypeoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.A.beinggivenB.isgivenC.givenD.wasgiven,原则五：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用现在分词的被动式,.,14,原则六：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致1.Facedwithabillfor$10，000，_.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn2.Whilewatchingtelevision，_.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings,.,15,1._fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated2.Themanager，_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making,原则七：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式,.,16,原则八：对于固定搭配，原则上按搭配习惯处理1._withsomuchtrouble，wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.）A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.Toface2._inawhiteuniform，helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed,.,17,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别考题点击：1.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.A.seizing.,disappearedB.seized.,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing,两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性；不用and连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,A,D,.,18,四、非谓语动词作主语和表语考题点击：1.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and_.A.hedliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having,D,D,.,19,非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.第二需要注意一些结构：A)在Itsnouse(good;value;importance)等结构中只用动名词作主语。注意比较：Theresnoneedtotellhimaboutit.B)在Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Itseasy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;thefirst,thenext,thelast,thebest,toomuch,toolittle,notenough)后加forsb.todoItskind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly,selfish(自私的)后加ofsb.todo,.,20,3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake,B,非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。,.,21,五、非谓语动词作定语考题点击：Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt2.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe_murderlastnight.A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted,B,C,“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。,.,22,3.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung4.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,B,B,hang作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的hang为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。,.,23,非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在time,chance,right等名词后；在序数词后；在wish,need,demand,requirement等词后。D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done表示已经完成的动作tobedone表示尚未开始的动作beingdone表示正在进行之中的动作,.,24,六、非谓语动词作宾补考题点击：Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto,A,为了避免重复，常用省略形式to来代替前面的动作。如：Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,Idliketo.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除tell外，常见的还有：advise/allow/cause/consider/encourage/forbid/forceintend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/requireurge/warn/ask/wish/want等特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest等没有宾补。,.,25,2.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone,使役动词make/have/letsb.dosth.但改为被动语态后，则应为：bemade/lettodo。注意其它不带to的动词不定式的用法。,此句中的it指代的是acomputer，what在从句中作do的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用peoplehaveacomputerdo这一结构。需要注意的是have的几个常用结构：havesb./sth.do;havesb./sth.done;havesb./sth.doing;havesb./sth.todo,B,A,.,26,4.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(00N)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout5.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay,C,A,.,27,七、非谓语动词作宾语1.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_tomynewjob.(00N)expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,C,B,注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,refuse,offer,promise,decide,determine,intend,manage,fail,hope,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,plan,pretend,等；注意2：动词know,show等常带疑问词加todo作宾语。,.,28,3.Ireallyappreciate_torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime,B,仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit/appreciate/avoid/delay/enjoy/escape/excuse/prevent/finish/imagine/mind/practise/resist/risk/suggest/stand/forgive/keep/allow/advise/permit/forbid但如果在allow/advise/permit/forbid后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。在动词want,need,require,demand等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于tobedone。,.,29,4.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(95N)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5.-Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.-Dontyouremember_methestoryyesterday?A.toldB.tellingC.totelltohavetold6.InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.(02上海春季)A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting,D,B,A,特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：remember,forget,regret,try,goon,mean,miss,stop,.,30,7.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Sandycoulddonothingbut_tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit,C,B,A,介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词but(except)/than/beabout后要接不定式作宾语。,.,31,10.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(94N)A.riderideB.ridingrideC.ridetorideD.torideriding,注意prefer的几个常用句型：prefertodosth.thandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.prefer+n.to+n.,C,.,32,11.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup12.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.A.tosolvingmakingB.tosolvingmadeC.tosolvemakingD.tosolvemade,B,B,.,33,八、非谓语动词作状语-Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?-_enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting2._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept3.Inordertomakeourcitygreen,_.A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretrees,C,A,D,.,34,4._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose5._thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven6.HesentmeanE-mail,_togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.tohopeD.hope,C,A,B,.,35,7.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(02N)beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun8.Findinghercarstolen,_.(01上海).A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp,once在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，故该用过去分词。,D,D,.,36,九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动考题点击：Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone2.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.(99N)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying,D,A,wouldlovetohavedone表示本想去做，但没成。,本题的关键是“whatcountryhestudiedin”，由此可知事情发生在过去。,.,37,3.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen,本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。,remain后接todo，此处it指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。,D,B,.,38,5._tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed6._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01N)HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered,C,A,.,39,7.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_totheparty.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited,D,.,40,8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,with+n./pron.+O.C.构成一个独立主格结构，在句中作状语。用settled表示已经解决了的问题；用beingset