初三英语知识点.ppt

,知识点背诵（1）：(1)动词不定式的单词：wanttodosth.,wishsbtodosth.,hopesbtodosth.,asksb.todosth.,agreesb.todosth.,decidetodosth.,begintodosth.,starttodosth.,learntodosth.,refusetodosth.,promisetodosth.,managetodosth.,offertodosth.,failtodosth.,affordtodosth.,tellsb.todosth.,invitesb.todosth.,advisetodosth.,asksb.todosth.，agreetodosth.,choosetodosth.,expecttodosth.,wouldliketodosth.,(2)动名词的单词：enjoydoingsth.,likedoingsth.,practisedoingsth.,finishdoingsth.,stopdoingsth.,considerdoingsth.,minddoingsth.,admitdoingsth.,denydoingsth.,goingdoingsth.,suggestdoingsth.,canthelpdoingsth.,giveupdoingsth.,goondoingsth.,keep(on)doingsth.,beworthdoingsth.,bebusydoingsth.,spendindoingsth.catchingdoingsth.,既可做不定式的单词又可做动名词的单词：forget,stop,remember,start,感官动词：see,watch,hear,notice,省略to的不定式：使役动词：let/make/have/pleasesb.dosth.，但在被动语态中to不能省略hadbetterdosth.,(3)瞬间动词改成延续性动词：left-beenaway,died-beendead,joined-beenin=beenamemberof,become-been,bought-had,borrowed-kept,gotto-beenin,camehere-beenhere,fallasleep-beenasleep,finish/end-beenover,arrivedhere-beenhere,begun/started-beenon,caughtacold-hadacold,wentout-beenout,(4)反意疑问句中表示否定的单词：hardly,little,few,no,nothing,never,seldom,none,nobody,lets用shallwe?,Letus用willyou?(5)修饰形容词比较级的单词:even,still,much,far,rather,abit,alittle,threeyears,(6).Afew,few,alittle,little的用法：afew,few修饰可数名词，alittle,little修饰不可数名词afew,alittle表示“有一点”，few,little表示“否定”的意思，表示“没有”。碰到still,only,just则用afew,alittle,(7)sometime,sometime,sometimes,sometimes的用法：sometime(将来的某一时候)，sometime一些时间sometimes有时sometimes几次(8)Christmas的介词用法：atChristmas,onChristmasEve,onChristmasDay(9)takepartin,join,enterfor,attend的用法：takepartin参加活动，比赛（contest,match）join加入一个组织，成为一个成员(WTO,Party,army)enterfor报名参加(item)attend参加讲座，会议(meeting,lecture),知识点背诵（2）use的四种用法：usesth.todosth.用。去做某事usedtodosth.过去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事beusedtodosth.被用于做某事usesth.fordoingsth.=usesth.todosth.用。去做某事,2.be动词的四种用法:(1)be+形容词：Iamtall.(2)be+被动语态：Thewindowisclosed.(3)be+动词不定式：Myjobistobeateacher.(4)be+现在分词：Iamlisteningtotheteacher.,3八种时态的被动语态的结构：(1)一般现在时：beis,am,are+p.p：Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.(2)一般过去时：bewas,were+p.p:Thefilmstarwasinterviewedbythenewspaperreporterjustnow.(3)现在进行时：beis,am,are+being+p.p:(4)过去进行时：bewas,were+being+p.p,(5)一般将来时：willbe+p.p:Iwillbegivenapresent.=Apresentwillbegiventome.(6)过去将来时：wouldbe+p.p(7)现在完成时：have/has+been+p.p(8)过去完成时：had+been+p.p(9)含有情态动词的：情态动词+be+p.p:Thiscoatcannotbewashedinwater.,4.need的四种用法：(1)needsth.：需要某物(2)needtodosth.：需要做某事(3)needdosth.：需要做某事（need是情态动词）(4)dontneedtodosth.：不需要做某事,5.连词的用法：分为并列连词和从属连词(1)notonlybutalso=notonly.butaswell=aswellas不但。而且。用就近原则决定动词的单复数。(2)neithernor“既不。也不”。用就近原则决定动词的单复数。(3)eitheror“或者。或者，用就近原则决定动词的单复数。(4)neitherof“两者都不。”动词用单数(5)noneof“三者以上都不。”动词是单数还是复数由后面的主语决定。,6)bothand“既。又”。动词用复数。(7)and“和”。并列关系，表示肯定的关系。祈使句，+and句子=Ifyou,youll.在否定句中and要转化成or.Hurryup,andyoullcatchtheearlytrain.=Ifyouhurryup,youllcatchtheearlytrain(8)or“否则”.有转折关系。表示否定的关系。祈使句，+or句子=Ifyoudont,youll.举例：./Hurryup,oryoullmisstheearlytrain.=Ifyoudonthurry,youllmisstheearlytrain.，“或者”,用于疑问句或否定句。,9)but,“但是”，although=though“但是”用了but,就不能用though,用了though,就不能用but.(10)so,“所以”,for,because,becauseof“因为”用了so，就不能用because。用了because就不能用so。for用于句中，because跟句子。becauseof后跟名词。(11)while,when“当。时候”。when用于主句：一般将来时，从句：一般现在时。主句：一般过去时，从句：一般过去时。主句：一般过去时，从句：过去进行时。while用于主句：过去进行时，从句：过去进行时。,(12)主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，简称主将从现的句子有：if,assoonas,when,notuntil(13)yet,用于现在完成时，在否定句、疑问句中把already改成yet.“然而”,:Theoldteacherisverytired,yetshestillworksveryhard.=Althoughtheoldteacherisverytired,shestillworksveryhard.(14)if“如果,用于条件状语从句。主将从现。“是否”，用于宾语从句whether“是否”，用于宾语从句。和if的区别在于whether与ornot连用。表示：是。还是不是。而if不与ornot连用。,(15)assoonas“一。就”。主将从现主句：一般过去时，从句：一般过去时。(16)aswellas比较级中表示“和。一样好”。主语A+aswellas+主语B，动词由A决定单复数。(17)after：“在。后。”用于过去完成时或过去时。（做句意相同时要想到until）(18)until,not（wont/didnt）。until：“直到。才。”用于主将从现，或过去式。(19)since=nowthat,“既然。”itis+时间+since(过去式)，itwas+时间+since(过去完成时),(20)sothat.“如此.以致于”从句中有can,cant,could,couldnt.sothat,“以便。”可以和too.to,enoughto,互换。(21)as：“当.时”=when,“由于”,“像”，跟like的区别是：like+单词词组。as+动词词组。(22)asas,“和。一样”。notasas“和。不一样。”=lessthan(23)inorderto,“为了”,后+动词原形。inorderthat“为了”，跟句子。(24)tooto,“太。以致于不能”。enoughto“足够。能够。”(25)unless=ifnot“除非”,wouldratherdosth.“宁愿做某事”hadbetterdosth.“最好做某事”wouldliketodosth.“想要做某事”一、副词：1.加-ly:quick,slow,fluent,quiet,careful,careless,soft,wonderful,cheerful,excited,sad,clear,fortunate,active,serious,wide,bad,hurried,rude,impatient,kind,silent,polite2.去y+ily:heavy,lucky,noisy,easy,merry,greedy,happy,angry,busy,hungry,unlucky,tasty3.去e+ly:true,terrible,possible,probable4.同形：loud,early,fast,hard,straight,deep,late,high,划线提问的词：1.howsoon:对in+一段时间的提问。2.howlong:对for+一段时间的提问。3.howfar:对距离的提问。(befarfrom)4.howfast:对速度的提问。5.howold:对年龄的提问。6which:对定语的提问或问哪一个？7.howoften:对twiceaweek的提问。8.when:对时间的提问。9.where:对地点的提问。10.who:对人物的提问。11.why=whatfor:对原因的提问。,疑问词：Howfar(fiveminuteswalk)Howsoon(intenminutes)Howfast(amileintenminutes)Howlong(fortenminutes)Howoften(twiceaday)Howmany(two)Howmuch(twoyuantwokilos),八种时态的时间状语：1、一般现在时：sometimes,every(day),often,never,usually,onSundays2、一般过去时：usedto,yesterday,ago,lastweek,in1990,thedaybeforeyesterday,justnow,thismorning,when3、一般将来时：tomorrow,nextyear,soon,intwodays,in2008,thisevening4、现在完成时：never,ever,already,yet,just,5、现在进行时：now,listen!,look!,thesedays6、过去进行时：while,when,atthistime,at8yesterday,7、过去完成时：bytheendof,when,宾语从句。8、过去将来时：一般用于宾语从句中。,sb.paymoneyforsth.sb.spendmoneyonsth.sb.buysth.formoneysth.cost(sb)moneyItcostsb.moneytodosth.ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.,sb.spendtimedoingsth.sb.spendtimeonsth.sth.take(sb)timeittakesb.timetodosth.ittaketimeforsb.todosth.,1.找出陈述部分,2.看主语前的主体词是名词还是形容词（副词）,做感叹句练习的方法,adj./adv.,n.,可数名词单数,用whata/an,可数名词复数,用what修饰,不可数名词,用what修饰,用how修饰.,Structures感叹句的构成,How+adj./adv.+(陈述句)!,What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+(陈述句)!,What+adj.+可数名词复数+(陈述句)!,What+adj.+不可数名词+(陈述句)!,反意疑问句的用法：1、表示否定的隐性词有：hardly,never,seldom,little,few,none2、s的表示：(1)belatefor中的be动词（is）;(2)has+p.p中的has3、therebe句型用isnt/is/arent/arethere?4、Lets用shallwe?Letus和其他祈使句用willyou?5、由believe,think连接的宾语从句，反意在从句上。,4、宾语从句的用法：1、一看连词，二看语序，三看时态2、注意连词：(1)特殊疑问句的连词用特殊疑问词(2)一般疑问句的连词用if或whether,其中表示不确定的或有ornot的用whether,如：IhavenoideawhetherIgotopark.(3)注意语序：用陈述句语序，除：Whatswrongwithyou?=Whatsthematterwithyou?语序不变外。,1.Youwillgetbettersoon.Ihope_you_getbettersoon.,当宾语从句是陈述句时，连词由that引导,常省略,3.Whendoesthenextplanearrive?Hehasnttoldme_thenextplane_?,2.CanTimfinishtheworkinthreehours?Shewantstoknow_Tim_finishtheworkinthreehours.,当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，连词由if或whether引导,当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连词常由疑问词引导,that,will,if/whether,can,when,arrives,Hewondered_hewouldgoornot.,whether,若主句谓语动词为现在时（包括一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时），从句的谓语动词则根据本身实际需要而定。,1.Youwillgetbettersoon.Ihopethatyouwillbettersoon.2.CanTimfinishtheworkinthreehours?Shewantstoknowif/whetherTimcanfinishtheworkinthreehours.3.Whendoesthenextplanearrive?Hehasnttoldmewhenthenextplanearrives?,1.HewillgoonatriptoBeijinginaweek.Myfathertoldmethathe_onatriptoBeijinginaweek.,若主句谓语动词为一般过去时，从句的谓语动词需视具体情况选用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时)等.,2.Doyoupreferteaorcoffee?Martinaskedtheman_he_teaorcoffee.,3.HowdidhegototheScienceMuseum?Janedidntknowhowhe_totheScienceMuseum.,would,go,whether,preferred,had,gone,1.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which2.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime3.Couldyoutellmewherewe_nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgo4.Theteachertoldtheboythatthesun_intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.raisesD.rises,A.how,B.if,D.willgo,D.rises,保持句意相同的句子：1、almostoutof=hardlylittle,almostnone=hardlyany2、only=nothingbut3、thesame+名词+as=as+形容词+as,如：thesameage=asoldas4、than与notas/soas互换,5、比较级改成最高级：比较级+thananyother=最高级+in+范围或(ofall)注意other,else的用法。6、两句合并的句子用的连词有：insteadof,becauseof,without,ifnot=unless,inorderto+动词词组=soasto+动词词组=inorderthat+句子sothat（如此以致于）,suchthat（如此以致于）,sothat（以便，如此）,tooto（太以致于不能）,enoughto（足够能够）的用法：,so+形容词+that+带有can/could的句子=形容词+enoughto的句子so+形容词+that+带有cant/couldnt的句子=too+形容词+to的句子sothat表示“以便，如此”+从句=inorderto/soasto+动词词组such+形容词+名词+that+从句,知识点背诵（5）1.see的用法：seesb.dosth.看到某人做一件事的全过程seesb.doingsth.看到某人做某事，看到的是一个点。2.alone,lonely的用