电荷及其守恒定律.ppt

选修3-1第一章静电场,泰勒斯,王充,吉尔伯特,公元前600年左右，希腊人泰勒斯发现：摩擦过的琥珀能吸引轻小地物体。,公元1世纪，我国王充在论衡中写下“顿牟掇芥”。,16世纪，英国吉尔伯特，由希腊文的“琥珀”创造了英文的“electricity”。,电的发现历程,第一节,电荷及其守恒定律,初中学过自然界有几种电荷？它们之间有怎样的相互作用？,我们初中学过，用怎样的方法可以使物体带电？,问题1,问题2,一、电荷三种起电方式,自然界中只存在两种电荷。正电荷与负电荷。同种电荷相互排斥；异种电荷相互吸引。,摩擦起电：丝绸摩擦玻璃棒；毛皮摩擦橡胶棒。,质子,中子,核外电子,电中性,正电,负电,不带电,原子的构成,玻璃棒,丝绸,原子核,原子核,带负电,带正电,不同的原子，原子核对核外电子的束缚能力不同。不同的物体相互摩擦时，有的物体容易失去电子，有的物体不容易失去电子。摩擦时电子就从一个物体转移到另一个物体上。得到电子的物体带负电，失去电子的带正电。,摩擦起电,摩擦起电的实质电子的转移,通过与带电体直接接触，电子从一个物体转移到另一个物体上，从而使不带电的物体带上与带电体同性的电荷。,接触起电,接触起电的实质电子的转移,金属导电的原理,正离子在自己的平衡位置附近振动而不移动。,电子可以自由移动。,得电子带负电,失电子带正电,近异远同,1.静电感应,感应起电,2.感应起电利用静电感应使物体带电的过程，叫做感应起电,当一个带电体靠近导体时，由于电荷间相互吸引或排斥，导体中的自由电荷便会趋向或远离带电体，使导体靠近带电体的一端带异号电荷，远离的一端带同号电荷，这种现象叫做静电感应.,感应起电的实质电子的转移,三种起电方式,摩擦起电,接触起电,感应起电,本质电子的转移,表述一：电荷既不能创造,也不能消灭,它只能从一个物体转移到另一个物体,或者从物体的一部分转移到另一部分；在转移的过程中，电荷的总量保持不变.表述二：一个与外界没有电荷交换的系统，电荷的代数和保持不变。,电荷守恒定律,二、电荷守恒定律,元电荷,阅读课本第4页元电荷部分，回答以下问题：,三、元电荷,电荷及其相互作用,三种起电方式及其本质,电荷守恒定律,电荷量、元电荷、比荷,本堂小结,Contents,AddYourTextinhere,AddYourTextinhere,AddYourTextinhere,AddYourTextinhere,AddYourTextinhere,HotTip,HowdoIincorporatemylogotoaslidethatwillapplytoalltheotherslides?OntheViewmenu,pointtoMaster,andthenclickSlideMasterorNotesMaster.Changeimagestotheoneyoulike,thenitwillapplytoalltheotherslides.,ImageinformationinproductImage:Notetocustomers:ThisimagehasbeenlicensedtobeusedwithinthisPowerPointtemplateonly.Youmaynotextracttheimageforanyotheruse.,Diagram,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,Title,Title,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Diagram,Descriptionofthecontents,Titleinhere,Titleinhere,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Before,After,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Descriptionofthecontents,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,2.DescribecontentsforaChartDescriptionofthecompanyssubcontentsDescriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,1.DescribecontentsforaChartDescriptionofthecompanyssubcontentsDescriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,ChartTitleinhere,2003,2004,2005,2006,30,50,70,120,Diagram,-ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,-ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,-ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Descriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,Descriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,Descriptionofthecompanyssubcontents,Diagram,4.Descriptionofthebusiness,5.Descriptionofthebusiness,1.Descriptionofthebusiness,2.Descriptionofthebusiness,3.Descriptionofthebusiness,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,ClicktoaddTitle,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,ClicktoaddTitle,ClicktoaddTitle,“Atitleaboutcontent”,Descriptionofthecontents,ClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddText,Clicktoedittitlestyle,Contents01,Contents02,Contents03,Contents04,Contents05,Contents06,0%20%40%60%80%100%,18.5%,17.5%,8.7%,23.6%,63.6%,84.3%,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Diagram,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,2004,2005,2006,ContentsThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Diagram,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Yourtextinhere,Yourtextinhere,Yourtextinhere,AddyourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,AddyourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,AddyourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhereYourtextinhere,Clicktoedittitlestyle,Titleinhere,Descriptionofthecontents,Textinhere,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,Descriptionofthecontents,1.Title,2.Title,3.Title,4.Title,*Descriptionofthecontents,*Descriptionofthecontents,Diagram,ContentTitle,DescriptionofthecontentsDescriptionofthecontents,ContentTitle,ContentTitle,DescriptionofthecontentsDescriptionofthecontents,DescriptionofthecontentsDescriptionofthecontents,ContentsThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,Titleinhere,Titleinhere,Titleinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,Textinhere,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,ClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddText,ClicktoaddTextClicktoaddText,Diagram,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,Describeavisionofcompanyorstrategiccontents.,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContent&ContentsmalldevelopedbyGuildDesignInc.,Clicktoedittitlestyle,Contents,Contents,Contents,Contents,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalC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