六年级下册笔记

六年级下册笔记Lesson 19-201.1).see sb.do sth. （省去to 的不定式）看见某人做某事(指看见整个行动，整个事件或行为的全过程)I saw him cross the road. 我看见他过了马路。(从一边走到另一边)2).see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(指行动或事件正在进行)I saw him crossing the road. 我看见他正在或马路。以下动词用法相同：1）感官动词：hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at2) 使役动词：have, let, makeThey listened to me play the piano. 他们听我弹钢琴了。Let me help you. 让我帮助你。但这些动词用作被动语态时（watch和have除外，它们一般不用做被动结构），原不带to 的不定式变成带to的不定式。They heard him sing. 他们听见他唱歌了。He was heard to sing. 他被听到唱歌了。2.around 和round在英式英语中，两者近义，但around 较正式，都可以作副词介词表示围绕，环绕；到处；附近；转弯，掉头。The earth goes around/round the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。They live around/round the corner. 他们住在拐角处。We travel around/round China. 我们在中国各地旅游。We walked round/around to the back of the house. 我们绕到房子的后面。在美式英语中，表达上述意思只能用around.在美式和英式英语中around都能表示大约。We left around 7 oclock. 我们在七点左右离开的。round还可以作形容词、名词和动词，表示圆形的，球形的；轮次；绕行，绕过。a round table 一张圆桌3.look at1) (仔细)察看；检查；看，瞧The doctor looked at his teeth carefully. 医生仔细检查了他的牙齿。The teacher asked us to look at the blackboard carefully. 老师让我们仔细看黑板。2）思考；考虑；研究The teachers are looking at the difficult problem. 老师们正在研究那道难题。3）（用某种方式）看待；考虑Dont look at the disabled(残疾的)people in different way. 别用不同的方式看待残疾人。4.think of和think about1) think of 想到，想出；记得，想起I think of the way to raise the money.我想出一个集资的方法。I cant think of his name now. 我现在想不起他的名字了。2）think about 思考；考虑She will think about how to tell him the news. 她会考虑如何告诉他那个消息。其它短语：think out 认真考虑，仔细盘算 think over 仔细考虑3）think of 和think about 有时可以互换表示考虑（到）She is thinking of/about buying a new computer.他正在考虑买一台新电脑。记住：go on a trip around China 到中国各地旅游during the school holiday 在学校放假期间the first place to go要去的第一个地方the longest wall in the world 世界上最长的墙in the north of China 在中国的北部（方）in the south of China 在中国的南部（方）in the east of China 在中国的东部（方）in Shaanxi Province 在陕西省the capital of China 中国的首都Theyre going to(They will) take a plane to Hangzhou.=Theyre going to (They will go to) Hangzhou by plane.=Theyre going to/(They will) fly to Hangzhou.他们将乘飞机去杭州。ship 轮船 by ship乘船 take a ship 乘船take a train 乘火车 by train 乘火车take a bus 乘公交车 by bus 乘公交车the famous place 著名的地方lots of famous places to visit 许多著名的地方可以游览look around the room 环顾房间Lesson 21-221. palace n. 宫殿 the Summer Palace 颐和园2. far 1) a. 远的，遥远的I saw her on the far side of the road. 我看见她在马路对面。2）ad. (表示空间或时间上的距离)远，遥远地；久远地；非常；远远far from 离远He lives not far from here.他住得离这不远。Thats a far better idea.那个主意好得多。how far 有多远 How far is it from the bank to the post office? 银行离邮局有多远？区别：how long (长度上)有多长，(时间上)有多久3.tomb 坟；墓 the Ming Tombs （明）十三陵4.the Great Wall 长城5.to the north of Beijing 在北京的北部（面） to the south of China 在中国的南部（面） to the east of France 在法国的东部（面） to the west of Japan 在日本的西部（面）6.history n. 历史；历史学 historic a. 历史上著名的 historical a. 历史上的；有关历史的the history of China 中国的历史7.temple 寺庙；神殿 heaven 天堂 the Temple of Heaven 天坛8.forbidden a. 被禁止的 the Forbidden City 紫禁城9.watch Peking Opera 看京剧10.tour v./n. 旅行；观光11.guide n. 领路人，导游者，向导 Tour guide 导游12.family 家，家庭（包括父母子女），不指住房All my family enjoy skating.我们全家都喜欢滑冰。 house 住宅 （指居住的房屋）They built a new house with a beautiful garden.他们盖了一座带漂亮花园的新房。 home 家（指一家人共同生活的地方，不一定有建筑物的意思，可以在船上、窑洞或帐篷里组织的家庭，特别强调家庭的气氛和环境）She leaves home at 7 every day.她每天七点离开家。 home 是一个带感情色彩的词 the hometown 故乡 the old home 老家13.know 和learn1)不同之处：know (无进行时)（+宾语）懂得；认识（人）；明白(做.); 知道All I know is that she used to work in a bank.我只知道她曾在银行干过。He knows a lot of people.他认识很多人。注意：know+不定式作宾语时，不定式前必须加wh-疑问词或howI know how to get there.我知道怎么去哪。He doesnt know what to do.他不知道该做什么。Do you know where to go?你知道去哪吗？learn后不直接跟“人”作宾语，常用learn from sb.He is learning French.他正在学法语。We should learn from her.我们应该向她学习。2)共同之处know+宾语从句 知道，了解到（某事）learn+宾语从句 获悉，得知（某事）He knew/learned they lost the game.他得知他们输了比赛。14.tell v. 说；讲述；告知；告诉；提醒告诉某人某事1) tell sb. + 宾语从句2) tell sb. sth. Please tell him the news. 请把这个消息告诉他。3) tell sb. of /about sth. The old man told us of / about his story. 这位老人给我们讲了他的故事。4) tell sth. to sb. Please tell the news to him 请把这个消息告诉他。5) tell sb. wh-+to do He told them how to finish the work. 他告诉过他们如何完成这项工作。6) tell sb. wh-从句 Please tell us what we should do.请告诉我们该做什么。吩咐；命令tell sb. (not) to do sth. Tell him to wait. 叫他等着。She told me to visit her on Sunday.她让我周日去拜访她。Mum told me to go to bed.妈妈让我去睡觉。The teacher told the students not to talk.老师让学生们不要说话。记住：tell the truth(a lie) 说实话（谎话）tell a story 讲故事Lesson 25-261. save /seiv/ v. 救，挽救；节约，节省2. planet /plnit/ n. 行星，星球3. this blue planet 这个蓝色星球4. on our planet 在我们的星球上5. save our planet 拯救我们的星球6. save water 节约水7. plain /plein/ n.平原，旷野8. mountain /mauntin/ n.山脉，山岳(复数)mountains 山脉9. ocean /un/ n.总称海洋10.all kinds of trees, flowers and grass 各种各样的花草树木11.all kinds of wild animals 各种各样的动物There are all kinds of food in the supermarket.在这家超市里有各种各样的食品。12.together /te/ adv.共同，一起13.There are all kinds of animals living together with us.有各种各样的野生动物和我们住在一起。14.Dont you want to keep our planet beautiful?难道你不想让我们的星球保持漂亮吗？ keep+动名词Im sorry I kept you waiting.我很抱歉是你久等了。 keep+形容词Will you please keep the library clean?请保持图书馆干净好吗？ keep+副词 keep+介词 He kept his coat on.他一直穿着大衣。 keep on doing sth.继续做某事I kept on studying till eleven oclock.直到11点我还在坚持学习。 keep sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止，阻拦(=stop sb.doing sth.)What kept you from playing with us.=What stoped you from playing with us?什么使你不能和我们玩儿？ keep away 远离 不接近 Keep away from the fire.不要靠近那火。 keep off 让开，不接近Keep off the grass!勿踏草坪！keep保管You can keep this book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。15.But sometimes we do bad things to it.但是有时候我们做了对星球不利的事情。16. energy/eni/n.精力；活力；能量；能源 energetic/enetik/adj.精力旺盛的，精神饱满的17. waste /weist/ v.滥用；浪费；为充分利用(反义词)：save节约 to waste time/food/water浪费时间/食物/水We shouldnt waste water or energry.我们不应该浪费水和能源。 n.浪费Its a waste of time to try again.再试是浪费时间。18.clear/kli/adj.清晰的；透明的；清澈的；晴朗的；头脑清醒的 v.开垦 clearly adv.清楚地，明显地19.hunt/hnt/v.打猎，猎取 n.打猎 hunter /hnt/n.猎手20.cut down砍倒；砍伐；削减；缩小(尺寸、数量或数目)21.too much+接不可数名词22.too many+接可数名词复数 waste too much water浪费了太多的水 waste too much energy浪费了太多的能源clear too much land开垦了太多的土地 cut down too many trees砍伐了太多的树 make too many cars制造了太多的汽车 hunt too many wild animals捕猎了太多的野生动物23.We hunt too many wild animals for our food or clothes我们捕猎了太多的野生动物，为我们提供食物或衣物24.We should save our planet because we have only one planet.我们应该拯救我们的星球，因为我们只有一个星球。25.poster/pust/n.告示，海报，广告；张贴告示或广告的人 Make a poster and tell people:“Save Our Planet!”做个海报告诉人们：“拯救我们的星球！”Lesson 27-281. cotton/ktn/n.(不可数)棉，棉花I like wearing cotton clothes.我喜欢穿棉布衣服。2. fur/f:/n.(不可数)(猫、兔等动物的)软毛 n.(可数)兽类的毛皮；(尤指)毛皮衣a fine fox fur上等狐皮wearing expensive furs穿着昂贵的皮衣a fur coat/one made of furs皮上衣3.leather/le/n.(不可数)皮革4.hare/h/n.野兔 rare/r/adj.珍贵的scare/sk/v.惊吓share/ /v.分享care/k/are /a:/是5.We should我们应该We shouldnt我们不应该keep the water clean保持水清洁make the water dirty把水弄脏plant more trees种更多的树cut down too many trees砍伐太多的树grow more grass种更多的草hunt wild animals捕猎野生动物save water节约用水eat wild animals吃野生动物use things made of paper使用纸质用品use too many plastic things使用太多的塑料制品wear cotton clothes穿棉布衣服throw rubbish everywhere到处扔垃圾turn off the lights when we leave the room当我们离开房间时关上灯leave lights on when we go out当我们外出时开着灯6.leave/li:v/v.1)离开；出发The train leave for Beijing.这趟火车开往北京。The train leaves in five minutes time.火车五分钟后出发。2)放弃He left business for a new job as a teacher.他弃商就任教师这一工作。3)留下，剩下，忘带leave a letter(note) for sb.给某人留封信(留个便条)Weve got five minutes left.我们还有五分钟。I left my book on the table.我把书往在桌子上了。4)交给，留给，死后留给Ill leave the matter to you.我把这事交给你办。Leave it with me.把这事交给我办吧。He left three children.他死后留下三个孩子。5)使处于某种状态；听任；让(某人做某事)Dont leave the door open. Its cold.别让门开着，冷。Dont leave her waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外面雨里等着。Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes.把米饭煮20分钟。n.假期，休假 to take a months leave休假一个月7.light /lait/ n.1)光，光亮，光线We need more light.我们需要更多的光线。2)光源；灯；灯光；发光体to turn off the light关灯3)火柴，打火机Do you have a light?你有火吗？adj.1)亮色的，浅色的 light hair 浅色的头发2)光线充足的，明亮的 a light room 一个明亮的房间3)轻的，不太重的 as light as air 像空气一样轻a pair of light shoes 一双轻便的鞋v.(过去式) lighted / lit /lit/ a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛1)点燃，点着 light a fire点火2)使明亮，照亮The room is lighted by two lamps.这间屋子有两盏灯照明。8.What should we do for our planet?我们应该为我们的星球做些什么？Ask your classmates what they should do.问问你的同学他们通常做什么？He does what he should do.他做他应该做的。She does what she shouldnt do.她做她不该做的。Lesson 27 译文我们必须是我们的星球更绿。关于这个我们可以做许多事。让我们从今天开始吧。我们应该穿棉质衣服。我们不应该穿毛皮类衣服。我们应该节约水。我们不应该浪费水。我们应该让河流和海洋保持清洁。我们不应该把他们弄脏。我们应该善待野生动物。我们应该告诉人们不应该捕猎它们。我们应该在家周围植树。我们应该照顾好它们。Revision1. one night 一天晚上2. another planet 另一个星球3. came from =was (were) from 出生于；来自He was from another planet.他来自另一个星球。4. body /bdi/身体，躯体bodies5. the computer on his body 他身上的电脑6. There were many trees on our planet.我们的星球上有许多树。7. The computer on his body said that there were many trees on our planet. 他身上的电脑说我们的星球上有许多树。（宾语从句）8. There are no more tigers and pandas.没有太多的老虎和熊猫了。1) no more 没有(更多的)；不再; 和一样不There is no more water in the bottle.瓶子里没有多少水了。The baby cried no more.这个婴儿不再哭了。2) more and more 越来越多More and more people are using the Internet.越来越多的人在使用互联网。3) whats more 而且；此外；更为重要的是；更有甚者Shes clever and whats more she is hard on her study.她很聪明，而且她学习很用功。4) run 跑 过去式 ranrun to 跑向 run to school 跑向学校Mimi and Mickey ran to school to tell their teacher.Mimi和Mickey跑到学校告诉老师。Lesson 31-321. primary/praimri/首先，主要的，基本的2. primary school 小学3.come to an end 结束 Your studies in primary school are coming to an end.你在小学的学习即将结束。The meeting came to an end at 8:30.会议在8：30分结束了。3. Will you tell me something about your studies in primary school?你们能告诉我一些关于你们在小学学习的情况吗？He told us about enjoying themselves.4. I came to school when I was six.我六岁上学。I came to Tianjin when I was ten.我是十岁时来天津的。6.teach 教 (过去式) taught/t:t/(1)teach sb. sth.教某人某事She teaches me cooking.她教我做饭。(2)teach sb.how to do sth.教某人如何做某事They taught us how to learn to know.他们教会我们如何获取知识。Our teachers taught us how to learn more from real life.老师教我们如何从现实生活中获取更多的知识。7.in many ways用许多方法Teachers taught us in many ways.老师用许多方法教我们。in different ways 用不同的方法You can say this sentence in different ways.你们能用不同的方法说这个句子。9. textbook/ tekstbuk/教科书，课本，教材10. radio /reidiu/(1)无线电广播；无线电广播节目I heard the news on the radio.我从无线电广播中听到的这个消息。(2)收音机turn on (off) the radio 开（关）收音机11.programme/prugrm/(1)计划，方案，活动安排This is my programme for a week.这是我一周的计划。(2)(广播或电视里的)节目TV programmes were very interesting yesterday.(3)(演出或活动的)程序Look at the programme and see who is playing the piano.看一下节目单，看正在弹钢琴的是谁？11.reference/refrns/参考，参照reference books参考书12.I learned a lot from our textbooks.我从课本上学到了很多知识。13.But that is not the only way.但那不是唯一的方法。14.I learned a lot from people around me.从我周围人(的身上)我学到了很多东西。Tell the news to the people around us.把这个消息告诉我们周围的人。15.make progress/prugres/(n.进步，上进，发展)取得进步make great (much) progress取得很大进步He has made great progress in his studies.今年他在学习上取得了很大进步16.believe/bili:v/v.相信 (1)Believe it or not!信不信由你！(2)believe in sb.信任某人She believes in me.她信任我。(3)believe sb.相信某人说的话He often tells lies so nobody believes him.17.(1)at the end of 在.结束时,在的尽头，表示(时间、时间、活动或故事等的)终止、结尾They will come to our city at the end of this year.他们今年年底将来我们城市。At the end of this street youll see a bookshop.在这条街的尽头你可以看见一个书店。(2) by the end of到末为止，(仅指时间)指某一动作到某一时间为止就已经发生或完成，多用于完成时。By the end of last month he had read 3 books.到上个月末他已经读了三本书了。(3)in the end最终，最后=at last, finallyIn the end/At last/Finally they becam