高考英语备考策略分析(PPT 74页).ppt

2011年高考英语备考策略杭州第十四中学孔慧敏,一、近几年高考英语试题分析二、2011考试说明解读三、学生各题型存在的主要问题四、针对问题所采取的策略五、如何上好复习课,一、近几年高考英语试题分析,试卷整体结构、题型、分值、时间分布,25,40,20,25,高考命题的词汇范围:普通高中英语课程标准中精选的2700个单词,单选测试对英语语法、词汇知识和简单表达形式的掌握情况,阅读：1)理解主旨和要义2)理解文中具体信息；3)根据上下文推断生词的词义4)作出判断和推理5)理解文章的基本结构6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。,短文改错：找出词法、句法、行文逻辑等错误,近几年高考英语的试卷难度在0.550.65左右,写作要求根据提示（图画、图表、文字等）写一篇100-120个词的短文,高考英语考试总体要求,近几年单选题的考查,9,3,6,4,4,3,5,重点考查词义辨析，动词（时态、非谓语动词及动词短语），从句等,要求在特定的微型语境中灵活运用语法、词汇和语用知识来完成特定的任务,题材广泛:涵盖人文、科技、社会、教育、文化、环保等体裁多样:记叙文、应用文、科普说明文、议论文等,考查考生通过阅读解决实际问题的能力,细节词义推理主旨篇章结构2004年629302005年628312006年836212007年924502008年1115302009年926212010年111530,都是一篇100-120字左右的学生习作式的短文。考查要点涉及动词时态、非谓语动词、冠词、代词、形容词、连词等。,作文得分情况得分/年份2007卷2008卷2009卷5分(含)以下13.03%12.26%16.38%10分(含)以下27.83%28.43%34.55%15分(含)以下54.07%59.4%64.84%17分(含)以下69.12%75.5%79.43%及格以上30.76%24.37%20.55%,二、2011考试说明及其变化,一、单选语境：2词义辨析：6A.convenientB.valuableC.sensitiveD.innocentA.takeupB.pickupC.makeupD.setup虚拟、冠词、省略、连词、时态、非谓语动词、情态动词、代词：1从句：4,二、完形与阅读完形：记叙文：Steve和MissWhite的故事阅读：四篇A应用文：八个防流感的方法B电视播放的内容与现实的差距C对临床心理学家的看法D都德的最后一课任务：校创业俱乐部成员开展“青少年创业”的宣传活动。请根据他们各自的兴趣和6位青少年企业家的简介，选定最佳的宣传案例，,三、改错与写作改错：一个孩子对搬到加州生活的感受写作：以“MoreandMoreForeignersAreLearningChinese”为题，并根据给出的信息，分析原因，写出评论。,词汇量增多（100）共2700个词汇阅读有较大变化1、篇幅加大（762字）2、文章篇数第一次在标明4-5篇的情况下，给出四篇文章，题数分别为4,5,5,6.3、阅读的要求除了细节理解、推理判断等，还增加了对考生文学鉴赏能力的考核。,主要变化,三、学生各题型存在的主要问题,单项选择解题时的主要问题,思维定势问题一词多意和搭配问题交际用语问题审题问题时间安排问题（10分钟）,单项选择解题时的主要问题,1.增加插入语-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?-Right,justtheone_youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what,C。youknow为附加插入语，将其删除更易看出先行词theone在从句中作地点状语。,单项选择解题时的主要问题,always为附加副词，将其删除更易看出句中means表示“意味着，即就是”，应该动名词作宾语。,2.增加副词Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting,单项选择解题时的主要问题,3.祈使句前面增加主语Mary,_here-everybodyelse,staywhereyouare.A.comeB.comesC.tocomeD.coming,A。Mary为附加人物名词，将其删除更易看出该空含命令口吻，构成祈使句，所以应填原形动词come。,B。引导时间状语从句的连词When后面省略了theywere，因此该空应填过去分词introduced。,4.省略从句部分内容Whenfirst_tothemarket,roducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced,Although_myopinion,theoldprofessordidntcomeupwithhisown.A.againstB.onC.forD.in,A。引导让步状语从句的连词Although后面省略hewas。,-Itscloudyoutside.Pleasetakeanumbrella.-_.A.Yes,takeiteasyB.Well,itjustdependsC.OK,justincaseD.Allright,yourewelcome,C。空档后面省略了itrains,引导目的状语从句时连词incase后面的全部内容均可被省略。,5.省略固定短语中的介词Youcantimaginewhatdifficultywehad_homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking,D。whatdifficulty作为had的宾语，其后面省略了in,本题考查havedifficulty(in)doingsth.的结构。,6.前置介词Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what,B。定语从句来源于whoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsufferingfrom,其中from被前置到whose前面。,B。hewasusedto的宾语thecountrylife被提置句首，所以受since19992制约该空应填现在完成式haschanged。,7.前置宾语Thecountrylifehewasusedto_greatlysince1992.changeB.haschangedC.changingD.havechanged,8.前置作目的状语的不定式1.-Cantheprojectbefinishedasplanned?-Sure,_itcompletedintime,wellworktwomorehoursaday.A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get,B。该空表示“为了使”，作目的状语，因此应填来自主句句末的不定式toget。,A。interested通常作be的表语，此处为宾语补足语，增加了识别难度。,9.改变成分Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_erestedB.interestingC.interestD.tointerest,10.改变词义Wewanttorentabuswhichcan_40peopleforourtriptoBeijing.A.loadB.holdC.fillD.support,B。hold本来表示“握，高举，占据”，此处改变传统含义，表示“容纳”。,完形填空的主要问题,词义辨析一词多意词组搭配逻辑连贯时间安排问题（15分钟）,阅读理解的主要问题,速度问题审题问题主旨大意、推理判断题是弱项时间的分配问题,短文改错的主要问题,错误“超标”问题固定词组搭配（动词、介词等）逻辑错误问题错误类型八大类,动词（时态和语态）名词（单复数、可数或不可数名词）形容词副词（原级、比较级和最高级；形容词和副词的误用）冠词（冠词误用）代词，介词，连词非谓语动词（todo和doing）,一、与动词相关的错误1.谓语-错误使用时态1.,butItriedtoactasifnothinghashappeneduntiltheclasswasover.(had),2.主谓不一致Butassoonasthekangaroowerefree,itjumpedupandranawaywiththejacket.(was),3、非谓语-动名词作宾语或宾补1.ThoughIhaddifficultywalkbacktomyclassroom,(walking)-动词不定式a.and连接并列不定式Wehadtositatourdesksinsilenceandpaidattentiontowhattheteachersweresaying.(pay)b.不定式作目的状语LiMengcameseemeeveryday.(to),二、名词-单复数误用Personally,Ifoundmostlessonratheruninteresting.(lessons)2.InonetestIgotonly36percentoftheanswercorrect.(answers)3.Ilookedathisotherhands.(hand)4.Itwillbelotsoffunpracticingoutintheplaygroundintheafternoonwiththetreearoundusallredandyellow.(trees)5.Manyofmyclassmatethrewmeupintotheair.(classmates)6.AnAustralianfarmerfoundakangaroocaughtinthefencearoundhisfarms.(farm),三、形容词与副词-混淆形容词和副词Ireadbooksatthepubliclibrary,andlateIdecidedtoattendcollege.(later)2.Imlittleofcourse,butterriblyquickandbravely.(brave)3.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.(proud),四、冠词-漏用1.Asresult,thehurtinmyfootbecameworse.(a)2.Aretheyearsyouspentatschoolbestyearsofyourlife?(the)3.ImeighteenyearsoldandIliveinsmallvillageinthePeakDistrict,notfarfromNottingham.(a)4.ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsImdoingatschool,(a)5.Whatsurprisedusmosttherewasthebeautyofscenes.(the)特指“那里的美景”,-误用1.OnedayintherestaurantwhereIworked,Iwasservingatableoffourandeachpersonhadorderedthedifferentkindoffish.(a)-多余“Becausetherearemorethehonorsandjoysinmylife.”,五、代词-上下文指代不一致1.Wecantellothersourneedforhelpandaccepthishelp.(their)2.Whiletheothersarejumpingaboutintheair,Icanrunundermylegsandgettheball.(their)3.But,tomysurprise,whenhegothome,hesawtheanimalwaitingatthedoor,(his)-漏用,sothekindfarmertookoffhisjacketandputontheanimal.(it)it指代hisjacket。,-误用1.Itookitinmeandwewalked.(mine)mine相当于myhand。2.JustatthattimeIwokeupandfoundmestillinbed.(myself)3.Threeyearsago,LiMengsparentsinvitedItospend(me)-多余1.NowIreallyenjoystudyingbecauseImgrowingoldandknowwhatIwantit.2.BeforeIcouldanswerhim,hecontinuedtoaskmethenameofthefishonanotheroneplate.,六、介词-漏用Eachtheselinesstandsforatroubleinmylife.(of)-误用ThesearethehappiestgirlsIveeverseenandImthehappiestinall.(of)-多余1.,ImgoingtostayinNottinghamwithmyauntandunclewhenmycousinjoinsintheNavy.2.Afterhavingashortrestthereandsharingwiththefoodwehadbrought,3.Thefarmerwasworriedbecauseofhiswalletwasinthepocket.,七、复合句-定语从句关系词的误用However,Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhichdidnttakemybadgradesasajudgementofmyabilities,(who/that)2.AtthemomentItravelintoNottinghameverydaytotheshopasIwork.(where),状语从句中关联词的误用TodayIwashavingaPElessonwhileIfelldownandhurtmyfoot.(when)2.Itwasonlyaboutsixthatheheldhishandouttome.(when)when表示“当时”,同位语从句中的连词的误用,butsimplyasanindicationhowIshouldstudyharder.(that)当从句前为抽象名词且从句成分和意义完整时，通常可判断其为that引导的同位语从句，此时that不可省略.,八、逻辑关系出错1.,Istilldidnttellanyonebutevenrefusedtheofferofhelpofmyclassmates.(and)2.Theresabusat7:30inthemorningorthelastbusbackintheeveningisat5:30.(and)3.FromSeptember,therefore,ImgoingtostayinNottinghamwithmyauntanduncle(however)4.Atfirst,Icouldnotrunveryfastandfellbehind.SoIdidntloseheartandkeptrunning.(But)5.Hethoughtthepooranimalwasinjured,butthekindfarmertookoffhisjacket(so),九、搭配出错1.Inthisway,wecangetalongtoeachotherhappilyandpeacefully.(with)2.Wealsohadtodoplentyofhomework,andhanditontime.(in)3.However,Iwasluckyenoughtohaveateacherwhodidnttakemybadgradesasajudgementofmyabilities,butsimplylikeanindicationthatIshouldstudyharder.(as)takeas“把看作”，take后为两个并列的as短语，故应将like改为as。,写作的主要问题,1.句子结构错误2书写不规范与拼写错误3中国式英语4审题不清词不达意，逻辑混乱排版的问题,中国式英语如：Lookabookis；Therehavesomanybeautifulsentences.Haveagreemusthavedisagree.Ithassomesmallthings（细节）forustoread.Therearemanypeopledontlikeseeingfilms,butlikereadingbooksathome.,高考作文实例,高考作文错误类型,四、针对问题所采取的策略,阅读理解的策略,高考时不临时改变自己已熟悉的阅读方法先看文章再做题，或先看题再读文章，两种方法各有利弊。遇到生词或不明白的句子大胆向前看，不要频繁回读。借助跳读找细节，借助略读找中心。段落中心常与该段首尾句相关；全文中心体现的是各段之和。干扰项或是远离文章内容，或是以偏概全都不选。,猜测词义回原文，没有上下文就没有词义。推理判断题应注意从文章作者立场出发，从短文中找答案，而不是看作为一名中学生的看法。阅读的关键是看清题目的要求。,阅读理解注意点,书面表达的策略,书面表达的基本方法,1.仔细审题，看清题目要求,确定文章类型。2.尽量打草稿，实在没时间写一个简略题纲。3.用见过的句型来写，不生造中国式的英文。4.写好首尾句，注意关联词语的使用。5.可适当使用复杂结构和新颖词汇，但应以准确表达意思为第一原则。6.书写规范，重视卷面整洁。7.准备几种主要的文章体裁模版。,说明文、议论文：文章结构多采用“主题主体结语”;基本时态用一般现在时。,3.记叙文：按照一定时间顺序；主次分明；人称多用第一或第三人称，时态多用过去时。观点表达要清楚到位.,2.描述文合理安排描写的角度和次序,对人物、事物、心理和景色的描写要突出重点，应抓住最重要的情节和特征来写。,4.图表类作文仔细审图，确定主题；条理清楚，层次分明；把握要点，扩充细节；合理过渡，连词成文。,5.应用文：针对各种不同的应用文应使用与之相对应格式；注意结构完整，条理清晰；强调文字通顺；正确应用惯用语和各种文体的客套语。,书面表达的训练：,在平时的写作训练中，应从词到句再到篇章，从小到大，层层落实；而在应试时则先谋篇布局，再遣词造句，从大到小。考试时写作应做到三检查:1)书写与标点句子开头小写;用空心圈式句号;字母“四不象”;拼写错误。2)要点和格式3)语法和句式(主谓是否一致；时态、语态；词性）,五、如何上好复习课,作文讲评课的策略,AfterIreadthismessage,Ihadmanyideasaboutit.First,IthoughtthetopreasonswhypeopleinChongqingarehappyarethecitysmassivecrackdownonorganizedcrimetogetherwiththelocalsloveofsingingrevolutionary-erasongs.Weneedsafety.ThenIrememberedtheinterpersonalrelationshipsissoimportantthatwouldeffectourbehavioursandfeelings.Wealsoneedagoodenvironment.Iwanttowalkonacleanstreeteveryday.Inaword,Ifacityhasthesethings,thepeoplewholivestherewillfeelhappyeveryday.(马晓伟）,ChongQing-asouthwesternCitywastheonlyprovincial-levelcitytofeatureonthelist.ThecitzeninChongWingsingthe“redsong”fillingwithhappiness.Becauseoftheinfrastructuredevelopmenthasbeenparticularlyfast.Citzenshavebeenlivedahappierlife.Thankstothemorecomfortableandconvenientlifeinthiscity,itbecomesmorecleaner,n