Shakespeare莎士比亚文学作品介绍(英文)ppt课件

.,1,WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616),.,2,154sonnets十四行诗,2longpoems,37plays,Tragedies,Comedies,Historyplays,Tragi-comedies,ShakespearesWorks,.,3,HISTRAGEDIES,amongthemostpowerfulstudiesofhumannatureinallliteratureappropriatelyasthegreatestachievementsofhisdramaticartistryhisunforgettabletragiccharacters,suchasRomeoandJuliet,Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth,.,4,FourGreatTragedies,Hamlet(1601)哈姆雷特Othello(1604)奥赛罗KingLear(1605)李尔王Macbeth(1606)麦克白,.,5,HISCOMEDIES,Hiscomediescelebratehumansociallifeevenastheyexposehumanfolly（stupid）.Bymeansthataresometimeshumiliating（degrade）,evenpainful,characterslearngreaterwisdomandemergewithaclearerviewofreality.Tragediesbeginhappilyandendinmisery.Comedies,ontheotherhand,begininmiseryandendhappily.,.,6,Well-knownComedies,TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人AMidsummerNightsDream仲夏夜之梦TwelfthNight第十二夜AsYouLikeIt皆大欢喜AllsWellThatEndsWell终成眷属MuchAdoaboutNothing无事生非,.,7,Histories,2HenryVI3HenryVI1HenryVIRichardIIIRichardII,KingJohn1HenryIV2HenryIVHenryVHenryVIII,.,8,HisHistoryPlays,Historyplays（sometimesknownaschronicleplays）-ahighlypopularformofdramainShakespearestime.,.,9,ShakespearesPoetry,PoetryVenusandAdonisTheRapeofLucreceSonnets,ALoversComplaintThePassionatePilgrimThePhoenixandTheTurtle,.,10,Shakespearewrotein“EarlyModernEnglish.”EMEwasnotverydifferentfrom“ModernEnglish,”,ShakespearesLanguage,.,11,AmixofoldandverynewRuralandurbanwords/imagesUnderstandablebythelowestpeasantandthehighestnoble,ShakespearesLanguage,Thou=you(主格）,Thy=your（物主代词）,Thee=you（宾格）,.,12,Warming-up,Matchthemeaningwiththequotationandtheplay.,.,13,“Words,words,onlywords,nomatterfromtheheart”,Meaning:Emptywords,notrealthoughtsorideasfromtheheart.,TroilusandCressida,空话,空话,只是空话,没有一点发自内心.,.,14,Romeo,Romeo,whyareyouRomeo?Denyyourfather,andrefuseyourname,罗密欧,罗密欧,你为什么是罗密欧?否定你的父亲放弃你的姓氏.,RomeoandJuliet,VersionInmodernEnglish,.,15,“Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe”,Meaning:Itisbestnottolend(money)toothersandnottoborrowfromothers.Whenwelendsth,werisklosingboththethingwelendandthefriendshipwiththeotherperson.,Hamlet,别借债,莫放债.,.,16,Uneasyliestheheadthatwearsacrown.,Meaning:Apersonwhohasgreatresponsibility,suchasaking,isconstantlyworriedandthereforedoesntsleepsoundly.,头戴王冠,寝食不安.,.,17,“Tobeornottobe:thatisthequestion”,Meaning:Thatisaquestionwhethertoliveoninthisworldortodie,thatis,totakeactionortodonothing.,Hamlet,生存还是毁灭,这是个问题.,.,18,AlltheworldsaStage(fromAsYouLikeIt),Alltheworldsastage,Andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers:Theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances;Andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,Hisactsbeingsevenages.全世界是个舞台，男男女女只是演员而已，他们都有其退场和登场，人生在世扮演着多种角色，它的表演有七个时期。,.,19,“Lifesbutawalkingshadow;apoorplayer,Thatstrutsandfretshishouruponthestage,Andisheardofnomore:itisataleToldbyanidiot,fullofsoundandfury,Signifyingnothing.”-MacbethActV;s.5,人生不过是一个行走的影子，一个在舞台上指手划脚的笨拙的怜人，登场片刻，便在无声无息中悄然退去，这是一个愚人所讲的故事，充满了喧哗和骚动，却一无所指。麦克白,.,20,Influence,Shakespearesworkhasmadealastingimpressiononlatertheatreandliterature.HiswritingiswidelyregardedasoneofthethreemainsourcesoftheEnglishliterature,whiletheothertwoareGreekandRomanmythsandtheBible.InShakespearesday,Englishgrammarandspellingwerelessstandardisedthantheyarenow,andhisuseoflanguagehelpedshapemodernEnglish.,.,21,BenJonsondedicated（devoted）apoeminpraiseofShakespeare,我的莎士比亚，起来吧。我不想把你安置在乔叟、斯宾塞的身旁，或者叫波蒙特躺过去一点，给你让出些地方。即使没有墓，你也是一块丰碑，你仍然活着，只要你的书还在，只要我们会读书，我们会说出赞词。自豪吧，我的不列颠，你拿的出一个人，欧洲所有剧坛都向他致敬。他不只属于一个时代，而是属于永远。,.,22,TheCostofaShow,1shillingtostand2shillingstositinthebalcony1shillingwas10%oftheirweeklyincome,.,23,Actors,OnlymenandboysYoungboyswhosevoiceshadnotchangedplaywomensrolesWouldhavebeenconsideredindecentforawomantoappearonstageCostumeswereoftenthecompanysmostvaluableassetCostumesweremadebythecompany,boughtinLondon,ordonatedbycourtiers,.,24,TheGlobeTheater,Theevidencesuggeststhatitwasathree-storey,open-airamphitheatreapproximately100feet(30m)indiameterthatcouldhouseupto3,000spectators.,.,25,TheGlobeTheatreShakespearesMostSuccessfulFinancialVenture,Calledthe“WoodenO”becauseofitseightsidedshape.,Stayedinbusinessbecauseofthefavoroftheroyaltyofthetime,.,26,-Softyounow!ThefairOphelia!Nymph,inthy(your)orisonsBeallmysinsrememberd.-Hamlet,且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！女神，在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。,.,27,Hamlet,ThePrinceofDenmark,thetitlecharacter,andtheprotagonist.Aboutthirtyyearsoldatthestartoftheplay,thesonofQueenGertrudeandthelateKingHamlet,thenephewofthepresentking,Claudius.,.,28,Hamletssoliloquy,ForsuchafigureasHamlet,soliloquyisanaturalmedium,anecessaryreleaseofhisanguish;andsomeofhisquestioningmonologuespossesssurpassingpowerandinsight,whichhavesurvivedcenturiesofbeingtornfromtheircontext.,.,29,HowmanysoliloquiesdoesHamletdeliver?,Hamlethassevenmajorsoliloquies:Othatthistootoosulliedfleshwouldmelt(1.2.129-159)Oallyouhostofheaven!Oearth!whatelse?(1.5.92-111)OwhatarogueandpeasantslaveamI!(2.2.549-607)Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion(3.1.56-89)Tisnowtheverywitchingtimeofnight(3.3.380-392)NowmightIdoitpat,nowaisa-praying(3.3.73-96)Howalloccasionsdoinformagainstme(4.4.32-66),.,30,Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:WhethertisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortuneOrtotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem?Todie,tosleep,Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheartache,andthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewishd.Todie,tosleep;,Hamletssoliloquy,生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不得的结局。,.,31,Tosleep:perchancetodream:ay,therestherub;Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause:therestherespectThatmakescalamityofsolonglife;Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,Theoppressorswrong,theproudmanscontumely,Thepangsofdespisdlove,thelawsdelay,Theinsolenceofoffice,andthespurnsThatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,WhenhehimselfmighthisquietusmakeWithabarebodkin?.,睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故；谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、官吏的横暴和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视，要是他只要一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生。,.,32,Withabarebodkin?whowouldthesefardelsbear,Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,Theundiscoverdcountry,fromwhosebournNotravellerreturns,puzzlesthewill,AndmakesusratherbearthoseillswehaveThanflytoothersthatweknownotof?谁愿意负着这样的重担，在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志，使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？,.,33,Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;AndthusthenativehueofresolutionIssickliedoerwiththepalecastofthought;Andenterprisesofgreatpithandmoment,Withthisregard,theircurrentsturnawry,Andlosethenameofaction.,这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫，决心的赤热的光彩，被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色，伟大的事业在这一种考虑之下，也会逆流而退，失去了行动的意义。,.,34,Hamletssoliloquy,MainIdea:Thisisaninternalphilosophicaldebateontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofexistence,andwhetheritisonesrighttoendhisorherownlife.Itpresentsamostlogicalandpowerfulexaminationofthethemeofthemorallegitimacy（lawfulness）ofsuicideinanunbearablypainfulworld.,.,35,Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:,thekeysentencedilemmaoftryingtodeterminethemeaningoflifeanddeath,sufferthelifepassively,toendonessufferingsactively?,Tobe,Toliveandnottotakeaction,Nottobe,Totakeactionanddie,Whichisnobler?,.,36,Tobe-tolivesufferthelifepassivelythewhipsandscornsoftimetheoppressorswrongpangsofdespisdlovethelawsdelayinsolenceofoffice,Nottobe-todieseektoendonessufferingsactivelybringhimselfpeacewithaknifeeasy!But-Unknowndreamsinthedeath-sleepNobodycomesbackfromtheunknownlandtotellabouttheirafterlife,“thedreadofsomethingafterdeath”makespeoplesubmittothesufferingoftheirlivesratherthangotoanotherstateofexistencewhichmightbeevenmoremiserable.,Painsalreadyknown,.,37,Hamletstheme,Treachery（betrayal）,revenge,incest,moralcorruption,.,38,Hamletscharacter,melancholy,bitter,andcynical,fullofhatredforhisunclesscheminganddisgustforhismotherssexuality.AreflectiveandthoughtfulyoungmanwhohasstudiedattheUniversityofWittenberg,oftenindecisiveandhesitant,butatothertimespronetorashandimpulsiveacts.,.,39,RomeoandJuliet,.,40,RomeoandJuliet,Thoughatragedy,thereisnotinge(hint)ofpessimismintheplay.Itisasongofyouthandtruelove.,.,41,SettingofRomeoandJuliet,TheplayismainlysetinthethirteenthorfourteenthcenturyinItalyinVerona.MuchoftheactiontakesplaceinJulietshouse.TheCapuletsandtheMontagues,themainfamiliesoftheplay,arefromnoblelineage（家族）andwealth;theydresswell,liveinfancysurroundings,andareservedbymanyattendants.Theplaysbasicsetting,therefore,isrichandelegant.,.,42,QuotesfromRomeoandJuliet,Whatsinaname?Thatw