An+Introduction+to+English+and+American+English.ppt

SuddenLightIhavebeenherebefore,ButwhenorhowIcannottell:IKnowthegrassbeyondthedoor,Thesighingsound,thelightsaroundtheshore.Youhavebeenminebefore,HowlongagoImaynotknow:ButjustwhenatthatswallowssoarYourneckturnedso,Someveildidfall,-Iknewitallofyore.Hasthisbeenthusbefore?AndshallnotthustimeseddyingflightStillwithourlivesourloverestoreIndeathsdespite,Anddayandnightyieldonedelightoncemore?,EnglishandAmericanLiterature,WelcometojoinGeorgesclassandexplorethebeautyofEnglishandAmericanliterature!,AnIntroductiontoEnglishandAmericanLiterature,GeorgeOctober22,2004,Foreignlanguagelearningisreallyverydifficulttostudents.,Questions:Whatsforeignlanguage,English,French,Japanese,or?Whatstudents,colleges,middle-schoolstudents,orpupilsinprimaryschool?,Whatmakesthedifference?,experience,AnotherExample,HowbeautifulthegirlthatIdatedis.,TheGirlIDated,GoalsofThisCourse,TheFormsofLiteratureWhatDoWeReadforinEnglishandAmericanLiteratureTheHistoryofEnglishLiteratureandSomeImportantNovelistsTheHistoryofEnglishLiteratureandSomeImportantNovelists,StudyStrategy,ReadextensivelyonsimplifiedEnglishandAmericannovelsReadsomeChinesetranslationstotheEnglishandAmericanClassicsReadsomeCriticismsofEnglishandAmericanLiterature,OntheFinalExam,CoursepaperWriteabookreportof350wordsbeforeweek15andwriteanessayof400wordsaboutacertainnovelornovelist.,WordsBank,literature:文学fiction:虚构,小说non-fiction:非小说作品(如传记)novel:小说=novelist小说家narration:叙述exposition:讲解,说明argumentation:议论genres:文学分类,TheFormsofLiterature,Questions:,Chapter1,Whatisliterature?,1.Anythingwrittenrecipebooks,telephonedirectories,guidebookstomuseum,2.Theartthatuselanguageasamediumcf:music,painting,Wanted,Man.38.Divorced.Mechanicengineer.Non-smoker.Kindandpatient.Seekaprettyladyunder30.Shemustbekind,humorous,hardworking,economical,mostimportantly,rich.,Chapter1,TheFormsofLiterature,Chapter1,Literature,fiction,non-fiction,novel,shortstory,play,poem,description,narration,exposition,argumentation,WhatDoWeReadForinEnglishandAmericanLiterature,Questions:,Chapter1,Whydowereadnovels,stories,entertainmentexplorationshelter,Whatdowecareaboutwhilereading?,story,WhatDoWeReadForinEnglishandAmericanLiterature,Question1,Chapter1,Whydowereadnovels,stories,entertainmentkilltime,readforfunexplorationatooltoadventure,awindowtoknowtheoutsideworld,sheltertoescapefromthecruelreality,WhatDoWeReadForinEnglishandAmericanLiterature,Question2,Chapter1,Whatdowecareaboutwhilereading?,story1.Whatisgoingon?2.Whatissaid?,3.Howitissaid?,plot,WordsBank,characteristics:特征character:人物prose:散文narrative:叙述rhyme:使。有节奏account:叙述fictitious:虚构的,Fiction(1)TheNovel,Questions:,Chapter2,Whatisnovel?,Whatarethesimilaritiesbetweennovelandshortstory?Theysharesomecharacteristics,suchasplot,character,etc.,TheDefinitionofNovel,Chapter2,1.“Novel”comesfromtheItalianword“novella”meaning“alittlenewthing,”pieceofnews,”“chit-chat”,Whatisnovel?,Questions:,2.InEnglish,theword“novel”means“new,unusual,beingthefirstofitskind,”asinthephrase“anovelidea.”,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,1.Thenovelisanewgenreorformdiffersfrompoetry,drama,ballad,Apoemisoriginallyarhymedstructurewhileanovelisnotrhymed,namely,anovelisinproseform.,Adramaisashoworperformanceintendedforviewingorwatchingwhileanovelisatellinganarrationintendedforreading.,Aballadisamusicalpieceforsingingwhileanovelisnot.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,2.Thecontentofanovelisoffictitiousnaturediffersfromthestoriesofhistorian,Novelstellmade-upstories,butthestoriesofthehistorianstelltruth.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,3.Thepurposeorfirstpurposeofanovelistoentertaindiffersfromyournews,advertisements,Wereadnewsforwhatsgoingonaroundusorinworldandwereadadvertisementsforthelatestinformationaboutcertainproducts,butwereadnovelforfunorentertainment.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Conclusion1,Anovelisafictionalprosenarrativeforentertainment.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Thefunctionofnovel,1.Noveliststheonewhowritethenovel,2.Readerstheonewhoreadthenovel,Whatarethetwomainaspectsofanovel?,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Thefunctionofnovel,1.Whyaretherethenovelistswritingnovel?,toexpresstosharetobeunderstood,2.Whatdotheywanttoshare?,anythingfromtheirpersonalfeelingssuchastheirsufferings,happiness,sorrows,etctotheirexperiencesandthoughts.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Thefunctionofnovel,“欲新一国之民，不可不先新一国之小说。”梁启超,3.Whydotheywanttoexpress,toshare,tobeunderstood?,“Therearemanyreasonswhynovelistwrite,buttheyallhaveonethingincommonaneedtocreateanalternativeworld.”JohnFowler,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Thefunctionofnovel,Conclusion1,Novelistshavethepurposeofchangingthings,especiallypeoplesmind,whethertheyadmititornot.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Thefunctionofnovel,1.Whyaretherereadersreadingnovels?,Toentertaintounderstandtoshareandparticipate,2.Whatmustthereadersbereadytodobeforereadinganovel?,Thereadershavetosupposethattheauthorstelltruthsandreadytoacceptthem.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Thefunctionofnovel,Conclusion2,Readers,byreadingwhatevernovels,arewillinglyopentoanythingnewtotheirminds.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Thefunctionofnovel,Conclusion2Readers,byreadingwhatevernovels,arewillinglyopentoanythingnewtotheirminds.,Conclusion1Novelistshavethepurposeofchangingthings,especiallypeoplesmind,whethertheyadmititornot.,Conclusion,Thefunctionorpurposeofthenovelistochangetheworldbychangingthereadersmind.,Chapter2,FinalConclusion,Anovelisahighlystylizedproseaccountoffictionalrealityintheformofstorywiththepurposeofchangingthereadersmindbytheaidofthereadersactiveinvolvementwhileprovidingentertainmentandsuperiortruthinlife.,WhatIsNovel?,Chapter2,Lengthiness,openness,TheCharacteristicsofNovel,WhatIsNovel?,Thoroughness,Profundity,Truth,TheCharacteristicsofNovel,Ashortstoryshouldbeofthelengththatitcouldbereadatonesittingwithoutcausingtiredness.,Chapter2,NovelVSShortstory,WhatIsNovel?,TheCharacteristicsofNovel,Lengthiness,Question:Howlongcanastorybecalledashortstory?Andanovel?,Conveniently,afull-lengthnovel,printed,comprisesabookofconsiderablethickness.,Ashortstoryconcentratesononeeventorafewcloselyrelatedevents.,Chapter2,NovelVSShortstory,WhatIsNovel?,TheCharacteristicsofNovel,Thoroughness,Question:Howmanyeventscanashortstoryconcentrateon?Andanovel?,Anoveliscapableofrelatingmanyeventsthatarecloselyorremotelyrelevantconnected.,Chapter2,NovelVSShortstory,WhatIsNovel?,TheCharacteristicsofNovel,Profundity,Question:Howmuchcanashortstoryreveal?Andanovel?,Agoodnoveldoesnotonlypresenttheessenceoflife,itcanbecompleteinboththematerialandspiritualsenses.,Chapter2,NovelVSShortstory,WhatIsNovel?,TheCharacteristicsofNovel,Openness,Byopenness,Imeanyoucanfindelementsfrompoetry,drama,andevenfilmasitsintegratedparts.,Chapter2,NovelVSShortstory,WhatIsNovel?,TheCharacteristicsofNovel,Truth,Novelstellmade-upstories,buttheytelltruth.,MirrorandLight,Chapter2,Mirror,WhatIsNovel?,MirrorandLamp,LiteraryTheoryofPlato,Idea,Projection,RealWorld,LiteraturebAplantthatwithmostcuttinggrows,aMostbarrenwithbestusing.bWhyso?a,Poetry,DefinitionofPoetry,Chapter4,Whatarethedifferencebetweenpoetryandotherliterarygenres?,Poetryalwaysreflectslifeindirectlyandroundabout,butitreflectslifeintenselyandprofoundly.,Generally,poetrydoesntteachknowledgeandnarratesrealeventsinlife.,Poetrycallsformoreimagination.,Poetrycomesinuniqueforms.,Thelanguageusedinpoetryisespeciallybeautifulandcondensed.,Poetry,OriginationofPoetry,Chapter4,Severalhypotheses,Marx:Productoftheancientpeopleswork,Aristotle:representation(imitativeart),George:Projection(orby-product)ofpeoplesfear,ImitationHappinessfromseekingknowledge,Reflectionofpeoplesworkandtheirsorrows,happiness,andsoon.,Poetry,Chapter4,Severalhypotheses,George:Projection(orby-product)ofpeoplesfear,theancientpeoplesignorance,theancientpeoplesfear,theworshiptoGods,primitivereligion,thereligious(sacrificialrite)ritual,songs,musicanddance,poetry,Ballad,Epic,Poetry,Lyric,NarrativePoem,ClassificationofPoetry,Poetry,Chapter4,Sonnet,ShakespeareanSonnet(ababcdcdefefgg),PetrarchanSonnet(alsocalledItalianSonnet)(abbaabbafree),Ode,Elegy(lament),Pastoral,BlankVerse,FreeVerse,Poetry,AppreciationofPoem,Chapter4,ThecurfewtollstheknellofpartingdayThelowingherdwindslowlyoertheleaTheploughmanhomewardplodshiswearywayAndleavestheworldtodarknessandtomeElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyardThomasGray,17161771,Poetry,AppreciationofPoem,Chapter4,l(al(aleaffalls)onelinesse.e.cummings,lonelinessaleaffalls,Poetry,AppreciationofPoem,Chapter4,FogThefogcomesonlittlecatfeetItsitslookingoverharborandcityonsilenthaunchesandthenmoveson.CarlSandburg,Poetry,AppreciationofPoem,Chapter4,ALamentOworld!Olife!Otime!onwhoselaststepsIclimb,TremblingatthatwhereIhasstoodbefore;whenwillreturnthegloryofyourprime?NomoreOh,nevermore!OutofthedayandnightAjoyhastakenflight;Freshspring,andsummer,andwinterhoar,Movemyfaintheartwithgrief,butwithdelightNomoreOh,nevermore!PercyByssheShelley,Poetry,AppreciationofPoem,Chapter4,#288ImNobody!Whoareyou?AreyouNobodyToo?Thentheresapairofus!Donttell!Theydadvertiseyouknow!HowdrearytobeSomebody!HowpubliclikeaFrogTotellonesnamethelivelongJuneToaadmiringBog!PercyByssheShelley,Poetry,AppreciationofPoem,Chapter4,TomorrowTomorrow,andtomorrow,andtomorrowCreepsinthisprettypacefromdaytodayTothelastsyllableofrecordedtime;AndallouryesterdayshavelightedfoolsThewaytodustydeath.Out,out,briefcandle!Lifesbutawalkingshadow,apoorplayerThatstrutsandfretshishouruponstageAndthenisheardnomore.ItisataleToldbyanidiot,fullofsoundandfury,Signifyingnothing.WilliamShakespeare:MacbethAct5Scene5,Poetry,AppreciationofPoem,Chapter4,StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningWhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillage,though;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.,Poetry,AppreciationofPoem,Chapter4,HegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.TheonlyothersoundsthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake.Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep,ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.RobertFrost,Drama,Questions:,Chapter5,WhatisDrama?,Dramaisagenreofliterature,inwhichthewordsaremainlydialogue.,Theessentialqualityofdramaisinteractionsinceituseswordstocreateactionthroughthedialogueofcharacterstalkingtooneanotherratherthantothereader.,Drama,Questions:,Chapter5,WhatisDrama?,Dramaisatonceliteraryartandrepresent-ationalart.Itisaspecialkindoffictionafictionactedoutratherthannarrated.,“Drama”comesfromaGreekword“dran”,meaning“thingdone”,“action”,or“deed”.Aristotle(384322BC),thefirstandstillthemostimportanttheoristofdrama,calleddrama“imitatedhumanaction”.ProfessorJ.M.Manlysawthreenecessaryelementsindrama:1)astory;2)toldinaction;3)byactorswhoimpersonatethecharactersofthestory,Drama,Questions:,Chapter5,WhatisDrama?,WhatarethesimilaritiesbetweenDramaandothergenresofliterature,suchaspoem,story,essay,etc.?,Likeapoem,dramaisoverheardratherthanbeingaddressedtoareader;likeastory,itisconcernedwithplotandcharacter;likeanessay,itiscapableofbeingusedtoexploreissuesandproposeideas.,Drama,Questions:,Chapter5,WhatisDrama?,Therearethreeindependentoriginsofdrama,twoofwhichbeganwithpaganreligiousritesinGreece.,ItisgenerallybelievedthattragedydevelopedfromcertainDionysianritesdealingwithlifeanddeath.GreekcomedyisbelievedtoarisefromtheDionysianriteswhichdealtwiththethemeoffertility.MedievaldramacameoutofritescommemoratingthebirthandresurrectionofChrist.,Drama,Questions:,Chapter5,WhatisTragedy?,Thewordtragedyseemstomeana“goat-song”,andmayreflectDionysiandeathandresurrectionceremoniesinwhichthegoatwasthesacrificialanimal.,Tragedydescribesthefallfromprosperitytoadversityofagreatindividualbecausehehastransgressedagainstthegreatmoralprincipleswhichgoverntheuniverse.Inhisadversityhecomestounderstandhimselfandhissituation,blessedwithenlightenmenteventhoughhemaybedying.,Drama,Questions:,Chapter5,WhatisTragedy?,TheClassificationofTragedy,Fatetragedy,Characteristictragedy,Socialtragedy,Metaphysicaltragedy,Drama,Questions:,Chapter5,WhatisFateTragedy?,Fatetragedy,alsocalledfatedramaatypeofplayespeciallypopularinearly19th-centuryGermanyinwhichamalignantdestinydrivestheprotagonisttocommitahorriblecrime,oftenunsuspectingly.Example:OedipusTyrannus(Greektragedy),WilliamShakespeare,Chapter5,FogThefogcomesonlittlecatfeetItsitslookingoverharborandcityonsilenthaunchesandthenmoveson.CarlSandburg,Drama,Chapter6,Onthecontent,SeveralFactsRelatedtoTheBible,Itconsistoftwoparts:OldTestamentandNewTestament,TheHolyBibleisabookprovidingproofoftheexistenceofGodandoneprovidingtestimonytotheBibletruth.,TheHolyBible,ThebookisareflectionofthewillofGod,especially,theNewTestamentisacompletereflectionofthewillfromJesustheChrist.,thingthatprovidesclearproofofsth.awill,Chapter6,Onthecontent,SeveralFactsRelatedtoTheBible,TheHolyBible,TheHolyBible,OldTestament,NewTestament,Itconsistsof39parts,whichmainlydealswiththestoriesofGod,bibliographiesofthekingsinIsraelandhistoryoftheHebrew.,Itconsistsof27parts,whichmainlydealswiththestoriesofJesusandhisdoctrines.,Chapter6,Onthecontent,SeveralFactsRelatedtoTheBible,OldTestament,TheHolyBibleisoriginallyareligiousbookoftheJewlivinginIsraelanditiswritteninancientHebrew.,TheHolyBible,TheOldTestamentoccupiesthreefourthoftheBible,whichisbelievedtobewrittenbymorethan30peoplewhowereinspiredbyGodinaspanofabout1,100years.(asatestimonytotheexistenceofGod),Chapter6,Onthecontent,SeveralFactsRelatedtoTheBible,NewTestament,ChristiansbelievethatitisaworkfromthedisciplesandfollowersofJesusbecauselettersfromso-calleddisciplesandfollowersareanimportantpartoftheNewTestament.,TheHolyBible,TheNewTestamentmainlydealswiththestoriesofJesusanditisbelievedtobethedetailedexplanationtotheOldTestament.,Chapter6,Onthecontent,SeveralFactsRelatedtoTheBible,TheRelationshipbetweentheOldTestamentandtheNewTestament,TheOldTestamentisincomplete,therefore,itdependsontheNewTestamenttogivedetailedexplanation,whichmeansthattheNewTestamentisdetailedexplanationtotheOldTestament.,TheHolyBible,TheOldTestamentcontainsmostofthecontentfromtheNewTestament,which,inotherwords,istheoriginoftheNewTestament.,Chapter6,OntheValue,SeveralFactsRelatedtoTheBible,Inall,thevalueoftheOldTestamentisgreaterthantheNewTestament.,TheHolyBible,especiallytheKingJamesVersion(alsocalledtheAuthorizedVersion),whichwaspublishedin1611,hasbeenusingasatypicallanguageandstylisticreferenceasEnglish.,TheHolyBible,TheHolyBibleisusedasclassicalwritingofhistory,philosophy,andliterature.,Chapter6,Genesis(TheHolyBible:KingJamesVersion),ContentoftheOldTestament,Itconsistsof50chaptersfromTheCreationtoTheDeathofJoseph.,TheHolyBible,Inthisbookofbeginningsthestoriesareaboutcreation,earlyrelationshipsbetweenGodandpeople,andGodspromisetoblessAbrahamandhisdescendants.,Chapter6,Genesis(TheHolyBible:KingJamesVersion),ContentoftheOldTestament,InthebeginningGodcreatedtheheavenandtheearth.Andtheearthwaswithoutform,andvoid;anddarknesswasuponthefaceofthedeep.AndtheSpiritofGodmoveduponthefaceofthewaters.AndGodsaid,Lettherebelight:andtherewaslight.AndGodsawthelight,thatitwasgood:andGoddividedthelightfromthedarkness.AndGodcalledthelightDay,andthedarknesshecalledNight.Andtheeveningandthemorningwerethefirstday.,TheHolyBible,Genesis:TheCreation,Chapter6,Genesis(TheHolyBible:KingJamesVersion),ContentoftheOldTestament,AndGodsaid,Lettherebeafirmamentinthemidstofthewaters,andletitdividethewatersfromthewaters.AndGodmadethefirmament,anddividedthewaterswhichwereunderthefirmamentfromthewaterswhichwereabovethefirmament:anditwasso.AndGodcalledthefirmamentHeaven.Andtheeveningandthemorningwerethesecondday.,TheHolyBible,Genesis:TheCreation,Chapter6,Genesis(TheHolyBible:KingJamesVersion),ContentoftheOldTestament,AndGodsaid,Lettheearthbringforththelivingcreatureafterhiskind,cattle,andcreepingthing,andbeastoftheearthafterhiskind:anditwasso.AndGodmadethebeastoftheearthafterhiskind,andcattleaftertheirkind,andeverythingthatcreepethupontheearthafterhiskind:andGodsawthatitwasgood.AndGodsaid,Letusmakemaninourimage,afterourlikeness:andletthemhavedominionoverthefishofthesea,andoverthefowloftheair,andoverthecattle,andoveralltheearth,andovereverycreepingthingthatcreepethupontheearth.SoGodcreatedmaninhisownimage,intheimageofGodcreatedhehim;maleandfemalecreatedhethem.(tobecontinued),TheHolyBible,Genesis:TheCreation,Chapter6,Genesis(TheHolyBible:KingJamesVersion),ContentoftheOldTestament,AndGodblessedthem,andGodsaiduntothem,Befruitful,andmultiply,andreplenishtheearth,andsubdueit:andhavedominionoverthefishofthesea,andoverthefowloftheair,andovereverylivingthingthatmovethupontheearth.AndGodsaid,Behold,Ihavegivenyoueveryherbbearingseed,whichisuponthefaceofalltheearth,andeverytree,inthewhichisthefruitofatreeyieldingseed;toyouitshallbeformeat.Andtoeverybeastoftheearth,andtoeveryfowloftheair,andtoeverythingthatcreepethupontheearth,whereinthereislife,Ihavegiveneverygreenherbformeat:anditwasso.AndGodsaweverythingthathehadmade,and,behold,itwasverygood.Andtheeveningandthemorningwerethesixthday.,TheHolyBible,Genesis:TheCreation,Chapter6,Genesis(TheHolyBible:KingJamesVersion),ContentoftheOldTestament,AndAdamgavenamestoallcattle,andtothefowloftheair,andtoeverybeastofthefield;butforAdamtherewasnotfoundahelpmeetforhim.AndtheLORDGodcausedadeepsleeptofalluponAdam,andheslept;andhetookoneofhisribs,andclosedupthefleshinsteadthereof.Andtherib,whichtheLORDGodhadtakenfromman,madeheawoman,andbroughtheruntotheman.AndAdamsaid,Thisisnowboneofmybones,andfleshofmyflesh:sheshallbecalledWoman,becauseshewastakenoutofMan.Thereforeshallamanleavehisfatherandhismother,andshallcleaveuntohiswife:andtheyshallbeoneflesh.Andtheywerebothnaked,themanandhiswife,andwerenotashamed.,TheHolyBible,Genesis:ManintheGardenofEden,Chapter6,Genesis(TheHolyBible:KingJamesVersion),ContentoftheOldTestament,Nowtheserpent;wasmoresubtilethananybeastofthefieldwhichtheLORDGodhadmade.Andhesaiduntothewoman,Yea,hathGodsaid,Yeshallnoteatofeverytreeofthegarden?Andthewomansaiduntotheserpent,Wemayeatofthefruitofthetreesofthegarden:butofthefruitofthetreewhichisinthemidstofthegarden,Godhathsaid,Yeshallnoteatofit,neithershallyetouchit,lestyedie.Andtheserpentsaiduntothewoman,Yeshallnotsurelydie:forGoddothknowthatinthedayyeeat