RevisionUnits4-5.ppt

Unit4Explanationsofnewwordsbreakoutinto;suddenlybegintoburstintotears/laughterburstoutcrying/laughing突然大哭/笑Awarburst/brokeoutinthecountry.突然爆发4.onemillion/hundred/thousand/dozenpeople/treesmillions/hundreds/thousands/dozensofpeople/trees成百（万）的Onethird(of)twothirds(of)75%(of)most/somemany(ofthem/thepeople)5.asif/asthough好像，仿佛Itis/looks/seems/sounds/feelsasif.（看来/听起来/感觉）好像Itseemsasif/that看来Hebehavedasif/asthoughnothinghadhappened.6.(be)atanendcometoanend/puttoanendendup(with/in/as结束/终结attheend(of)在()结束时/尽头intheend(=finally/atlast)bytheendof截止到结束时,7.ruinn.vt.废墟，摧毁be/lieinruins毁灭，成为废墟,垮掉destroy(destroyed,destroying,destroys)vt.毁灭Neverbeforeinhistoryhasacitybeensocompletelydestroyed.damagen.vt.(价值降低）do/causedamageto损害，损害8.injure-injured-injury（事故，意外中)受伤harmvt.n.（身心，名誉）损害woundvt.n.（战争中）刀，枪伤hurtvt.n.（身心)受伤，vi.疼痛theinjured/wounded受伤的人9.ashock一件令人震惊的事shocking令人震惊的shocked（令人）感到震惊的shocksb.使震惊beshockedat/with/by对感到震惊10.betrappedin困在/陷入n.vt.11.natualdisasters自然灾害disaster-hitareas受灾区12,。rescuen.vt.rescueworkers救援人员rescuesbfromadangerousorunpleasantsituation,12.useless-uselessly无用的use-useful-usefully有用（的）Itisuseless/nousedoingbeuseless(=beofnouse)13.digout挖出findout查明，弄清楚putout扑灭handout分发tryout试验keepout阻挡takeout拿出pickout挑选出/辨认出workout解决/锻炼/结果14.bury-buriedburyoneselfin/beburiedin(doing)(=bedevotedto/devoteoneselfto)埋头于/专心于15.shelterfromn.vi.16.a(great/large)numberof.greatnumbersofagood/greatmany+cn(pl.)许多大量smallnumbersof少量（thenumberof的数量）agreatdealof/alargeamountof+un许多，大量的alotof/plentyof/lotsof/some/+cn(pl.)/un.许多，大量的largequantitiesof+cn(pl.)/un+复数valargequantityof+cn(pl.)/un+复数v/单数v,17.Congratulationson(doing）sth祝贺congratulatesb.on(doing)sth.18.judgen.vt.裁判/法官,判断Dontjudgeapersonbyhislooks/appearance/clothes.Judgingby/from,据来判断19nation-national-international-internationally-nationalitydirt-dirtydust-dustysurvive-survival-survivorn.生存,幸存,残存,幸存者,残存物sufferingn.-sufferv.苦难-受苦/受难/遭殃frightn.-frightenv.frightenedadj.-frighteningadj.extreme-extremely极端的sincere-sincerely真诚的electricity-electric-electricalmine-minerreporter-reportcyclist-cycle-bicycle,1.rise,raiserisevi.(ofthesun,moon,stars,river,price,temperature,etc.)appearabovethehorizon:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、霞、烟、水蒸气、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等：eg.Herosefromhischairandbeganhisspeech.Hertemperatureisstillrising.Hehasriseninrank.raisevt.1.causetorise:外部的力量，“举起、提高”：eg.Thepeopleslivingstandardhasgreatlybeenraised.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheardabovethesoundofmusic.2groworproduce(crops);breed(sheep,etc.);bringupafamily:饲养、种植”、养育、抚育：eg.Theycanraisericehere.raise/collectmoneyfor为筹款3.somethingreferredtointhemainclausereferto(sb/sth)提到,涉及到,关系到,参考,查询(referred,referring)refertothematter/sb/adictionary/anexpert4.especially,specially,especially:toanexceptionaldegree;inparticular:特殊地，尤其，常用于正式文体中specially:foraparticularpurpose:特地的，专门地，表示“为了特别的目的”：eg.Thisisaverycommonword,especiallyinspokenEnglish.Shelikesthecountry,especiallyinspring.Thiscakewasspeciallymadeforyou.5.beknownas,beknownfor,beknowntosb.beknownas作为而闻名；beknownfor以/因而闻名；beknowntosb.为而熟悉。eg.Heisknowntothepoliceasathief.6.invitationn.邀请invitev.aletterofinvitation一封邀请信7.giveaspeech作报告/演讲8.OfficeoftheCityGovernment市政府办公室9bepleasedtodosth=beglad/happytodo愿意高兴乐于做某事10.thespeakingcompetition演讲比赛11.beproudof/takepridein以.而骄傲12.honourn./v.荣誉、尊敬、敬意、纪念honoursb./sth.尊重某人/事，给与荣誉showhonourtosb./sth.inhonourof为了纪念，为了表示对的尊敬/敬意,Themonumentwasbuiltinhonourofthedeadinthewar.13.havesb.dosth(主动)havesb.doingsth(主动/持续)havesth/sbdone(被动)1)请别人做2)主语可能参与3)主语遭受(某种不幸)Iwonthaveyousaysuchwords.Hehaduslaughingallthroughlunch.Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrow.14.asyouknow如你所知15onthatspecialday在那个特殊的日子16writeanoutline写提纲17disaster-hitareas受灾区18frighten,frightened,frighteninga.Theyweretryingto_thepublictogivein.b.Sheseemedtobe_oftheinterview.c.Thespeedofthecarwas_,Book1Unit4,I.Words:1.法官,判断_2.荣誉,尊敬_3.新鲜的_4.欧洲_5.埋葬_6.矿山_7.地震_8.休克,震惊_9.营救_10.毁坏_11.电,电流_12.损害_13.池塘_14.蒸气_15.发臭的_16.爆发_,judge,honour,fresh,Europe,bury,mine,quake,shock,rescue,destroy,electricity,injure,pond,steam,smelly,burst,shakehandswith,waterpipe,naturaldisaster,rightaway/rightnow/atonce,freshair,20percentof,twothirds,tensofthousandsof,thousandsof,befamous/well-knownas,1.握手2.水管3.自然灾害4.立刻,马上5.新鲜的空气6.百分之二十7.三分之二8.数以万计的9.成千的10.作为而闻名11.破败不堪,一片废墟12.太而不能13.发出臭的气体14.为作准备,.重点短语,inruins,tooto,giveoutasmellygas,preparefor,insteadof,inhonorof,beproudof/takepridein,judgingfrom/by,morethan,raise/putuponeshand,15.代替,而不是16.为纪念,为了表示对的敬意17.为而自豪18.从来判断19.超过,不仅仅,很，非常20.举手21.结束,终结22.挖掘,发现23.为幸存者搭建避身处24.煤矿25.组织一个晚会26.营救某人脱离危险27.毁掉一个城市28.弄伤一支胳膊29.突然大笑起来,atanend,digout,buildsheltersforsurvivors,coalmines,organizeaneveningparty,rescuesbfromdanger,destroyacity,Injure/hurtanarm,burstintolaughter/outlaughing,StructuresandPatterns1.Inthefarmyard,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.eg.BothWangWeiandWangKunweretootiredtowalkanymore.Theearthwillbecometoohotforustoliveon.Theworkwastoohardforhimtodo.2.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Eg.Hedugoutaboxofmoneyfeelingveryexcited.Mymotherwasinthekitchencookingameal.Helayonthegrasslookingatthesky.3.Itseemedthat/asiftheworldwasatanend!seem连系动词，看来1）seem+(tobe)+adj./n.2）seem+like+n./doing3）seem+todo/bedoing/havedone4）Itseems/seemed(tosb.)+that/asif（类似happen/appear）Itseems/was/sounded/looked/feltasif/asthoughSblooked/feltasif/asthoughact/behaveasifeg.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.,eg.OurEnglishteacherseems(tobe)akindman.Heseemstoknoweverything=Itseemsthatheknowseverything.ItseemsthatIhaveseenherbefore.=Iseemtohaveseenherbefore.4.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.everywhere用作连词，等于wherever,nomatterwhere，引起让步状语从句。Eg.EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.Youseeiteverywhereyoulook.5.90%ofitshomesweregone.过去分词作表语，意为“不在”“走了”“丢了”“用完了”，或指人“死了”。分数、百分数作主语，谓语动词要根据分数、百分数代表或修饰的词是可数名词单数，复数还是不可数名词而定。eg：Hisjobwasgone.Mywatchwasgone.Hellbegoneforquitealittlewhile.50%ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.Two-thirdsoftheearthsurfaceiscoveredwithwater.6.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.,thosewho意为“凡的人”,who引导的定语从句用复数，不能用that代替。（注意：anybodywho,hewho中谓语动词用单数。）thedead意为“死难者”。形容词或分词前加the表示同一类人或物，指人时谓语动词常用复数形式。Eg.Thosewhowanttoseethefilm,writeyournamesonthepaper.Anybodywhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Thericharenotalwayshappy.7.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000henorth,tothenorth与onthenorthin表示“在其中”，在境界内；to表示在境外，只表方向不一定接壤；on表示接壤或在海岸线上。eg.ChinaliesintheeastofAsia.JapanliestotheeastofChina.ChinafacesthePacificontheeast.8.Allhopewasnotlost.(=Therewasstillsomehope.)eg.Allthatglittersisnotgold.Noteveryoneagreeswithme.Notallpeopleareinterestedinfameandmoney.,9.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Asyouknow,thisisthedaywhenthequakehappened30yearsago.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigearthquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.,10.Water,food,andelectricityarehardtoget.11.Writingasummaryofapassagemeanslookingforthemainideaofeachpartandputtingitdowninasentence.12.Trytofindasmanywordsyouhavelearntinthepassageaspossibletodescribeanyearthquakeyouknowabout.13.ListeningtoEnglishisaveryimportantskillbecauseitisonlywhenweunderstandwhatissaidtousthatwecanhaveaconversationwithsomebody.14.Neverbeforeinhistoryhasacitybeensocompletelydestroyed.NeverinallSanFranciscoshistorywereherpeoplesokindasonthatterriblenight.15Amazingasitmayseem,Wednesdaynightwasaquietnight.,1.bewillingtodosth愿意做某事2.loseheart灰心3.fightforfreedom为自由而战4.advisesbtodosth建议某人去做某事5.outofwork失业6.blowup炸毁7.beequaltosbinsth与方面与某人相等8.receiveagoodeducation受良好的教育9.studyforamastersdegree攻读硕士学位10.joinsbindoingsth加入某人和某人一起做某事11.escapefrom从逃跑12.notclevererthansb/notascleverassb不如某人聪明lessfortunatethansb/notasfortunateas不如某人幸运13.betwometersaway两米远14.beactiveinschoolactivities积极从事学校活动15.(be)introuble陷入困境,Phrases,Unit5Revision,16.putsbin/intoprison把某人投入监狱17.beworriedabout为担心18.votefor投票支持19.asamatteroffact实际上etopower上台、执政21.rewardsbforsth因为某事而回报某人22.forfearof惟恐23.reachastage达到一个阶段24.realizeonesdream实现梦想25.foraperiodoftwoweeks两周的一段时间26.devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto(doing)sth专心于/献身于/致力于27.turnto转向，求助于28.found/setup建立，成立29.beinprison/gotoprison入狱30.inonesopinion以看来31.besentencedtodeath;sentencesbtodeath判处死刑32.rewardsbwithsth.奖赏33.wintheNobelPeacePrize获得诺贝尔和平奖34.become/bepresident成为总统,Unit5Words吝啬的,小气的eg.Itwasmeanofhimnottogivethewaiteratip.meansn.手段,方法（单复同）meaningn.意思,意义,含义meanvt.意指,意味着,意思是meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着eg.ImsorryIhurtyou.Ididntmeanto.Missingthebusmeanswaitingforanhour.bemeanttodosth注定/意欲做某事bemeantfor为而存在/准备eg.Theguidebookismeanttogiveyouageneralideaofthecity.Thechairwasclearlymeantforachild.Whatdoyoumeanby(doing)sth?,3.active积极的,活跃的takeanactivepartin积极参加beactivein在方面很积极4.generousadj.慷慨的,大方的begenerouswith对慷慨/大方begeneroustodosth做某事很慷慨/大方5.devotevt.投入于,献身devote名to(介词)奉献(人生,时间,精力等)于,把用于eg.Hedevotedhimselfentirelytowritingmusic.Pleasedevotemoretimetoyourwork.Hestartedtostudyecologyanddecidedtodevotehiswholelifetothescience.ThenoblestidealtowhichonecandevoteoneselfisCommunism.devotedadj忠实的,深爱的bedevotedto/devoteoneselfto(doing)sth致力于,专心于6.diefor为而死bedyingforsth/todosth渴望dieof死于疾病和内在的情绪,强调内因;diefrom死于灾难,伤害,事故等,强调外因7.fightfor为而战（fought,fought）fightagainst与作斗争fightwith同并肩作战;与战斗,8.workas从事工作actas担任,充当9.found(founded,founded)建立,创建find(found,found)找到befoundedon/upon建立在基础上，以为基础10.believein信任,信仰believeinsb./Gobelievesb.=believewhatsb.says相信某人的话11.freefrom摆脱(不好的东西)的,无的freefrom使摆脱,免除12.beinprison在狱中,被监禁beoutofprison出狱putinprison/sendtoprison/throwintoprison把投入监狱gotoprison入狱break/escapefromprison越狱注意:零冠词现象,常用于prison,school,hospital,church,college前:gotoschool/hospital/college13.(be)outofwork失业Outofsight,outofmind.outofcontrol/breath/order/danger/sight/fashion/date/14.voten.投票,表决vt.vi.投票,选举,(for/agaist)eg.Parliamentvotedthebillthroughwithoutadebate.UKnationalsgetthevoteat18.Ivote(that)westayhere.Hebecameacitizen,gainingtherighttovote.,15.attackn.攻击,评击makeanattackonvt.攻击,动手,疾病发作aheartattack16.asamatteroffact(=infact)17.equaladj.beequalto“等于,相当于,能胜任”eg.Allmenareborn/createdequal.Hrouble处于困境egYouarealwaysgettingyourselfintrouble.Hegotintroublewithpolice.Doasyouretold,otherwiseyoullbeintrouble.19.turnto求助于,转向eg.Thechildturnedtoitsmotherforcomfort.Theparishpriestissomeonetowhompeoplecanturnindifficulttimes.Shehasnobodyshecanturnto.Turntotheleftandyouwillfindthepost.,20.loseheart丧失勇气,失去信心egHefailedmanytimes,buthedidnotlostheart.Nomatterwhatyoudo,neverloseheart.21.escapen.逃亡,避难设备,vt.vi.逃脱,避开,计算机换码eg.Wherecanwegotoescapethecrowds?Thefire-escapeisatthebackofthebuilding.Theresgasescapesomewhere.Canyousmellit?Tcatevt.教育,培养educationn.23.begv.请求,乞求eg.Ibegyourpardon?对不起,你说什么？(正式场合用语)Theboybeggedmenottotellhisparents.Hebegged(her)forforgiveness.24.rewardn.“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬vt.“报答”、“酬谢”rewardsbwithsth/rewardsbforsthawardn.“奖品”“奖金”,与prize近似,都指因作出杰出成就而受奖.vt.“授与”、“颁发”、“判给”；,HewasawardedthefirstprizeforOutstandingIndustrialDesignfee(职业性的咨询或服务所收)费用，报名费，会费。eg.doctorsfees/amembershipfeefare(车、船等)费用，购票所需费用。egTrainfaresaregoingupagain.25.setupvt.建立setupachainreaction/afundAhotdrinkwillsoonsetyouup.26sentencevt.判决/宣判n.句子besentencedtodeath;sentencesbtodeath27.bewillingtodo/that+(should)do28.inonesopinion29periodn.时期，期间，学校的一节课Section2Notestodifficultsentences1.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.(When关系副词,引导定语从句.指先行词(time)的意义或内容,在从句中做时间状语):eg.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.,2.Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumbersoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.(有远”,可指距离,时间)wewereputintopositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.1)关系副词where在本句中引导的是地点定语从句。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用，eg.Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?2)NationalDaysawpeoplesinginganddancinghappilyinthestreets.Theyear1949sawthefoundingofthePRC.MorningfoundChristieknittingbythewindow.3)eitheror(neithernor,notonlybutalso,notbut连接主语时,就近原则确定主谓一致)EitherheorIamwrong.4)less+adj/adv+than(=not.asas/not+比较级+than）不如,不及,egThistruckisrunninglesssmoothlythanitusedto.AlthoughIwasnotassuccessfulasNelsonMandela,manypeopleremembermeasoneofthefirstactiveblackfightersforhumanrightsinSouthAfrica.Theywerenotclevererthanme,buttheydidpasstheirexams.3.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.4.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould/assoonaspossible.Chooseafamouspersonandtrytofindoutasmuchasyoucanabouthisorherlife.5onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.（主句或从句）句首出现1)only+adv./状语从句/介词短语，谓语部分要部分倒装。Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth,whichwasabigsurprise.Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakepeopleonthe