具体译法和抽象译法

.,具体译法,定义：所谓具体译法，就是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或者是比较抽象的单词，词组，成语或者句子用具体或者比较具体的单词，词组，成语或者句子来进行翻译，从而消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文产生与原文同样的效果。（展开）,.,transportation交通交通工具translation翻译翻译作品family家庭家庭成员class班级全班学生verytimid非常胆小胆小如鼠doevilthingsopenly毫不隐蔽的干坏事明火执仗befullofanxietyandworry十分挂念牵肠挂肚,.,agreatandthorough-goingchange翻天覆地的变化veryanxioustoreturnhome归心似箭havenotcutoffrelationshipcompletely藕断丝连greatinmomentumandirresistible排山倒海之势acceleratethespeed；speedup快马加鞭,.,大吵大闹raisetheroof公开认错standinawhitesheet有花不完的钱haveenoughmoneytoburn话中有话withthetongueinthecheek获得全胜sweeptheboard机敏keeponeseyesontheball坚决反对setonesfaceagainst简言之inanutshell,.,截然不同oilandvinegar家丑askeletoninthecupboard鲁莽的人abullinachinashop捏造pullsomethingoutofoneshat非常罕见onceinabluemoon,.,干苦差事hold（carry）thebaby反应快thinkononesfeetquickonthetrigger保密keepsomethingunderoneshat,.,Weshouldbynomeansneglecttheevaporationofwater.我们绝不能忽视水的蒸发作用。Allthepeoplewereexasperatedbyhisfault-finding.大家都被他这种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。Hisarrogancesenthimintoisolationandhelplessness.他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。,.,Manychangestakeplaceduringthetransformation.在转化过程中出现了许多变化。Theblackpeoplewerefightingagainstthesegregationofthegovernment.黑人正在同政府的隔离政策作斗争。Thecrimesenthimintonotoriety.这一罪行使他陷入声名狼藉的境地。,.,Johnslightheartedness,however,didnotlastlong.然而，约翰的这种轻松愉快的心境没有持续多久。Yourfrustrationwilldonogoodtoyourhealth.你的沮丧情绪于你的身体不利。Thegovernmentisdoingitsbesttoeasethetensioninthatarea.政府正在竭尽全力来缓和那个地区的紧张局势。,.,他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。Hehasmanyhotpotatoestohandleeveryday.我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉，这还是未到手的东西。IamnotsurewhetherIcanwinthehonor;Itsabirdinthebush.你不要过早乐观，真正的困难还在后头呢。Dontcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.Therealdifficultiesstilllayahead.,.,我们决不能姑息坏人。Weshouldneverwarmsnakesinourbosoms.我不想依靠父母过日子。Idontwanttohangonmyparentssleeves.你应该把好坏分清楚。Youshouldseparatethesheepfromthegoats.,.,同反复无常的人没法相处。Itshardtogetalongwithamanblowinghotandcold.他这个人只管自己的事。Heisamanwhohoeshisownpotatoes.你真是说话不看对象。Youarereallycastingpearlsbeforeswine.这个男孩真粗心，他的书都已经折角了。Thisboyistoocareless;allhisbooksaredog-eared.,.,具体翻译主要包括三种类型：1，语义上具体化。eg：运输运输工具。班级全班学生2.抽象名词在语言形式上的具体化手法，主要是在抽象名词后面加上范畴词。eg：蒸发作用，傲慢态度，转换过程3.抽象名词在比喻形象上的具体化手法。eg：非常胆小胆小如鼠姑息坏人warmsnakesinourbosoms分清好坏separatesheepfromgoats,.,抽象译法,为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往往有必要把原文中带有具体意义或具体形象的单词、词组、成语或句子进行抽象化处理。这种翻译方法称为抽象译法。（概括）,.,makefishofoneandfleshofanother厚此薄彼licksbsboots巴结eatonesheartout极度悲痛beinsbspocket被某人操纵,.,wearonesheartononessleeve表露感情putonescardsonthetable表明观点breaktheice打破僵局jumpoutofonesskin大吃一惊walkonair得意洋洋,.,谦虚态度modesty发展过程development无知的表现innocence同情心理sympathy开门见山comestraighttothepoint狗急跳墙dosomethingdesperate顺手牵羊walkoffwithsomething唇枪舌剑engageinabattleofargument黔驴技穷atoneswitsend,.,Iwaspracticallyonmykneesbuthestillrefused.我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。HeisarollingstoneIdontthinkhecangofar.他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。IllbreakmynecktogetthisdonebyFriday,butIcantpromiseforsure.我一定会尽最大努力在星期五以前完成此事，但是我不能打包票。,.,Bythismeansshecastinabonebetweenthistwofriends.她用这种方法来离间这两个朋友。Thematterwasfinallysettledunderthetable.事情终于私下解决了。Heearnshardlyenoughtokeepbodyandsoultogether.他挣得钱几乎难以维持生活。,.,Ihavenoheadformusic.我没有音乐方面的天赋。Pleasedontwakeasleepingdog.请不要惹是生非。Youcanalwaysfallbackuponhimwhenyouareindifficulties.遇到困难时，你总可以像他求助。,.,这是他们自己的事情，你去插一脚干嘛？Thatsabusinessoftheirown,whywouldyougetinvolvedin?别人家里鸡毛蒜皮的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！Youknowallthebitsandpiecesoftriflesofotherfamilies.Youarereallywellinformed.这消息让我出了一身冷汗。wasextremelyterrifiedbythatnews.,.,他万万没想到在他前进的道路上竟会出现这么多拦路虎。Hehadneverexpectedsomanyobstacleswouldstandinhisway.她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。Shevolunteeredfortheteachingpostinthisprimaryschool.我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。Idarenotshowoffinthepresenceofanexpert.Ihopeyouwouldbekindenoughtoenlightenusonthismatter.,.,这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。Theseproblemsaretoocomplicatedtobeexplainedclearlyinafewwords.今天下午的球赛棋逢对手，一定很精彩。Thisafternoonsballgameissuretobeanexcitingone,forthetwosidesarewell-matched.他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳。Theyworkedfaithfullyintheserviceoftheenemies.,.,我们一直往前走吧！不要三心二意。Letsgostraightahead.Dontbewavering.真正的好朋友应该是雪中送炭。Arealgoodfriendshouldbeoneofferingtimelyhelp.他这几天心里七上八下，老是安静不下来。Hismindwasinaturmoilthesedaysandhewasquiteunable