Oedipus俄狄浦斯ppt课件

.,Oedipus俄狄浦斯,弑父娶母,.,ReviewPerseus(珀尔修斯),Acrisius,KingofArgos.consultedtheoracleatDelphi,whowarnedhimthathewouldonedaybekilledbyhisdaughtersson.Danaanswaschildlessandtokeepherso,heimprisonedherinabronzechamberopentotheskyinthecourtyardofhispalace.Zeuscametoherintheformofashowerofgold,andimpregnatedher.Soonafter,theirchildwasbornPerseus.Acrisiuscastthetwointotheseainawoodenchest.CompetinginthediscusthrowPerseusthrowveeredandstruckAcrisius,killinghiminstantly.,.,希腊神话中的英雄。阿尔戈斯王阿克里西奥斯从神示得知将被女儿达那埃所生之子杀死，便把女儿囚禁在铜塔中。宙斯化成金雨和达那埃相会，生下珀尔修斯。阿克里西奥斯听说女儿生子，就让人把母子二人装进一个柜子，投入大海。柜子漂到塞里福斯岛，母子得救。后来，这个岛的王波吕得克忒斯爱上达那埃，为了谋害她的儿子，派他去取美杜莎（戈尔贡三姐妹中的小妹）的头。在雅典娜和赫尔墨斯的帮助下,他先找到统称格赖埃的三个女妖,偷了她们轮流使用的唯一的一只眼睛和一颗牙齿，强迫她们用飞行鞋、革囊和冥王的隐身帽与他交换（一说所有这些宝物都是他从冥河神女那里得到的），并告诉他去美杜莎住地的路线。由于接触美杜莎的目光的人都要变成石头，他遵照雅典娜的教导，从盾牌上的映像观察美杜莎，砍下她的头，装进革囊。回来时，他看见安德罗墨达被缚在山岩上，将被海怪吃掉，便杀死海怪，娶了这个姑娘。他回到塞里福斯岛，恰遇母亲遭受波吕得克忒斯迫害，于是向波吕得克忒斯出示美杜莎的头，使后者变成了石头（一说安德罗墨达的父亲克甫斯因不愿把女儿嫁给他，企图欺骗他，被他变成了石头）。他把飞行鞋和隐身帽交还给冥河神女，把美杜莎的头送给雅典娜，然后去阿尔戈斯寻找外祖父。一次，他参加体育比赛，投出的铁饼无意中将阿克里西奥斯杀死。他因此离开阿尔戈斯，来到梯林斯，成为那里的王。后来的神话说，众神让他、他的妻子、岳父、岳母，甚至还有被他杀死的海怪，都升到天上，变成了星宿,.,Contents,BriefIntroduction,Thesummaryofthestory,MovieOedipustheking,1,2,3,ThemeGalleryisaDesignDigitalContentiftheyweresuccessful,theywouldbeabletocontinuetheirjourney.当时的忒拜被狮身人面兽斯芬克斯所困，因为他会抓住每个路过的人，如果对方无法解答他出的谜题，便将对方撕裂吞食。(俄狄浦斯的父亲拉伊奥斯正是为了寻求解救才走出忒拜).忒拜为了脱困，便宣布谁能解开谜题，从斯芬克斯口中拯救城邦的话，便可获得王位并娶国王的遗孀约卡斯塔为妻。,.,Theriddlewas:Whatwalksonfourfeetinthemorning,twointheafternoonandthreeatnight?.Oedipusanswered:Man:asaninfant,hecrawlsonallfours;asanadult,hewalksontwolegsand;inoldage,heusesawalkingstick.Oedipuswasthefirsttoanswertheriddlecorrectlyand,havingheardOedipusanswer,theSphinxwasastoundedandkilleditselfbythrowingitselfintothesea,freeingThebesfromhisharshrule.谜题是：“什么动物早晨用四条腿走路，中午用两条腿走路，晚上用三条腿走路？”俄狄浦斯的答案是“人”“在生命的早晨，人是软弱而无助的孩子，他用两脚两手爬行。当生命的当午，他成为壮年，用两脚走路。但到了老年，临到生命的迟暮，他需要扶持，因此拄着拐杖，作为第三只脚。”正是由俄狄浦斯解开了斯芬克斯的谜题，解救了忒拜。,.,2.4Marryhismother,GratefullythepeopleofThebesappointedOedipusastheirkingandgavehimtherecentlywidowedQueenJocastashandinmarriage.(ThepeopleofThebeswereunknowntothefactOedipuswasthekillerofKingLaius,theybelievedhewaskilledbytheSphinx).ThemarriageofOedipusandJocastafulfilledtherestoftheprophecy.OedipusandJocastahadfourchildren:twosons,EteoclesandPolynices,andtwodaughters,AntigoneandIsmene.他继承了王位，并在不知情的情况下娶了自己的亲生母亲为妻。生了四个孩子，并把国家治理的很好。,.,.,2.5Findoutthetruth,Manyyearsafter,aplagueofinfertilitystruckthecityofThebes.SoOedipussentCreon,Jocastasbrothertoseekguidance.WhenCreonreturned,OedipusheardthatthemurdereroftheformerKingLaiusmustbefoundandeitherbekilledorexiled.Heexaminedthosewhohadheardthestoryatthetime,andhesentfortheoldprophet,Tiresiaswhowarnedhimnottotrytofindthekiller.Astheoldprophetstillrefusedtospeak,OedipusgotangryandinsultTiresiasthathehasbeenbribedbythemurderertoconcealhisnameorheisthemurderer.许多年以后一场瘟疫降临到忒拜。所以俄狄浦斯派约卡斯塔的兄弟克瑞翁去向得尔福的神谕所请求神谕。当克瑞翁带回神谕的神谕说，原因是国王拉伊俄斯被害并且杀人者必须被杀死或者驱逐。俄狄浦斯询问了当时听说过这件事的那些人，并派人去请老预言家忒瑞西阿斯，他劝俄狄浦斯不要追查凶手。当这位老预言家仍然拒绝回答时，俄狄浦斯开始生气并且侮辱他,说他是帮凶或者他就是凶手。,.,SoTiresiastoldOedipushimselfisthekiller.OedipusblamedCreonforthefalseaccusations.OedipusandCreonbegantohaveaheatedargument.JocastaenteredandtriedtopersuadeOedipus.Shesaid:“Oraclescannotbebelieved.ForexampleLaiuswastoldthathewouldbekilledbyhisownson,buttheonlysonweeverhadkilledandeatenbythewildbeatsonmountCithaeron.AndLaiuswaskilledintheplacewherethreeroadsmeetonthewayfromDelphi.”ShealsodescribedLaiussappearanceandage.OedipusbecamenervousashebegantothinkthathemighthavemurderedLaius。忒瑞西阿斯告诉俄狄浦斯，他就是那个杀害国王的人。他责备克瑞翁合谋篡位。俄狄浦斯和克瑞翁开始激烈的争吵。约卡斯塔就来试图劝俄狄浦斯.她说：“神谕是不可信得。例如，拉伊奥斯曾被告知他将会被他的儿子所杀，可是我们唯一的儿子已经被杀了且已被喀泰戎山上的野兽所食。可是拉伊奥斯是在从德尔福到这儿的一个三叉口处被害的”她还描述了拉伊奥斯的样子和岁数。狄浦斯开始紧张，他觉得他可能真的是凶手。,.,Thegoat-herdwhohadtakenthebabytoMountCithaeronwassummonedandquestioned.Thegoat-herdadmittedthathehadnotkilledthechild.InsteadhedadgiventhebabytoaservantoftheKingofCorinth.Jocastasuddenlyrealizedthetruth.Oedipusfulfilledtheoracle.Shewentintoherroomandtiedhergirdletoabeam,madearunningknotinitandhangedherself.那个曾经把婴儿带到喀泰戎山的牧羊人受到传唤并被问话。牧羊人承认了他没有按照指示杀死那个孩子。相反地，他把那孩子交给了科林斯国王的仆人。约卡斯塔意识到了真相。她回到自己的房间，然后她把腰带系在横梁上，打了个结，上吊自杀了。,.,OedipuswentinsearchofJocastaandfoundshehadkilledherself.UsingthepinfromabroochhetookoffJocastasgown,Oedipusstabbedhiseyesout.Beforehewasexiled，hegavethekingdomtohistwosonswhobothagreedtoalternatethethroneeveryyear.However,theyshowednoconcernfortheirfatherHisdaughterAntigoneactedashisguideashewanderedblindlythroughthecountries.俄狄浦斯去找约卡斯塔，发现她自杀了。从她身上摘下一个金钩子，戳穿自己的眼睛。放逐之前，他把王位给了他的两个儿子，他们轮流治理国家。他的女儿安提戈涅为他引路陪他走上充满艰苦的旅程。,.,2.6Theend,IntheendtheycametoColonus.Theseus,thekingofAthensgavehimsanctuarybecauseanoraclehadrevealedthatthelandwhereOedipusdiedwouldbefamousandprosperous.Oedipuswasfreeatlastandfoundthesanctuarytilldied.最后他们来到科罗诺斯，雅典的国王忒修斯给了俄狄浦斯一个避难所，因为神谕表明俄狄浦斯死去的地方将会闻名遐迩繁荣昌盛。俄狄浦斯最后被赦免了，他找到避难所，在那里生活直到死去。,.,Sphinx（斯芬克司）,斯芬克司最初源于古埃及的神话，它被描述为长有翅膀的怪，通常为雄性，是“仁慈”和“高贵”的象征，当时的传说中有三种斯芬克司人面狮身的Androsphinx，羊头狮身的Criosphinx（阿曼的圣物），鹰头狮身的Hierocosphonx。亚述人和波斯人则把斯芬克司描述为一只长有翅膀的公牛，长着人面、络腮胡子，戴有皇冠。到了希腊神话里，斯芬克司却变成了一个雌性的邪恶之物，代表着神的惩罚。“Sphinx”源自希腊语“Sphiggein”，意思是“拉紧”，因为希腊人把斯芬克司想象成一个会扼人致死的怪物。传说天后赫拉派斯芬克司坐在忒拜城附近的悬崖上，拦住过往的路人，用缪斯所传授的谜语问他们，猜不中者就会被它吃掉，俄狄浦斯猜中了正确答案斯芬克司羞愧万分，跳崖而死（一说为被俄狄浦斯所杀）。据阿波罗多洛斯记载，斯芬克司是厄喀德那同她的儿子双头犬奥特休斯所生。斯芬克司的人面象征着智慧和知识。,.,sphinx,Asphinxisamythicalcreaturewithalionsbodyandahumanhead.Thesphinx,inGreektradition,hasthehaunchesofalion,thewingsofagreatbird,andthefaceandbreastofawoman.Sheismythicisedastreacherousandmerciless.Thosewhocannotanswerherriddlesufferafatetypicalinsuchmythologicalstories,astheyaregobbledupwholeandeatenbythisravenousmonster.UnliketheGreeksphinxwhichwasawoman,theEgyptiansphinxistypicallyshownasaman(anandrosphinx).Inaddition,theEgyptiansphinxwasviewedasbenevolentincontrasttothemalevolentGreekversionandwasthoughtofasaguardianoftenflankingtheentrancestotemples.InEuropeandecorativeart,thesphinxenjoyedamajorrevivalduringtheRenaissance.Later,thesphinximage,somethingverysimilartotheoriginalAncientEgyptianconcept,wasexportedintomanyothercultures,albeitofteninterpretedquitedifferentlyduetotranslationsofdescriptionsoftheoriginalsandtheevolutionoftheconceptinrelationtootherculturaltraditions.Generallytheroleofsphinxesisassociatedwitharchitecturalstructuressuchasroyaltombsorreligioustemples.TheoldestknownsphinxwasfoundinGobekliTepe,Turkeyandwasdatedto9,500BC.,.,Oedipuscomplex俄狄浦斯情结,SigmundFreudusedthenameTheOedipuscomplextoexplaintheoriginofcertainneurosesinchildhood.Itisdefinedasamalechildsunconsciousdesirefortheexclusiveloveofhismother.Thisdesireincludesjealousytowardsthefatherandtheunconsciouswishforthatparentsdeath.Oedipushimself,asportrayedinthemyth,didnotsufferfromthisne