2019衡水市高考英语一模强化训练(21)

.2019衡水市高考英语一模强化训练（21）2013届（2012学年）上海市高三英语一模简答13（黄浦）The first explorers who saw totem poles called them “monstrous figures.” Missionaries(传教士) thought that the Native Americans worshipped the totem poles, and they encouraged their destruction. But the missionaries were wrong. Even today, when people refer to the “low man on the totem pole, ” they do not realize that the largest figure was usually on the bottom and was the most important. The origin of the first totem pole is uncertain. It is known that totem poles told stories about rich and important Native American families. An artist carved the pole to represent a familys traits and personal strengths and even to have hidden meanings. Poles were carved from cedar（雪松木）, using handmade tools. The chisel（凿子）used for carving was made from an animal horn. The adze, which was like an ax, had a hard stone blade. Once finished carving, the artist used animal-hair brushes to paint the poles. Some poles stood as high as 60 feet(180m).Native Americans celebrated important life eventssuch as births or marriageswith huge feasts called potlatches. One of the highlights of the party was the raising of a new totem pole. As trade expanded along the Northwest Coast, more Native American families had totem poles. However, in 1884 the Canadian government outlawed the potlatch. Not long after, the United States followed suit. As children grew up and left the tribe, the art of carving totem poles began to die out. Many years later, totem poles that had been bought or stolen from Native American villages began showing up in museums. People started to realize the significance of totem poles, and the art of carving them was resurrected. Old poles were restored, and new poles were created. Today, the craft is alive and well again, and totem poles can be seen around the Northwest United States and Canada. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What did missionaries want to do with the totem poles?82. Whats the main purpose of totem poles?83. The art of carving totem poles faded away during the 1800s because _. 84. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?81.They wanted to destroy them. 82. To represent (rich and important) families traits and personal strengths.83. many of the children left their tribes/ children grew up and left the tribe84. The factors responsible for the revival/returning of (the art of) totem poles./ People realized the significance of totem poles and created more/new ones. 2013届（2012学年）上海市高三英语一模简答14（虹口）Plants and animals usually do not live apart, as in many ways they are important to each other. Most green plants can make their own food. The food of other living things, even the food of meat-eating animals, comes directly or indirectly from green plants. For example, some people eat mutton (羊肉); mutton comes from a goat; the goats eat grass. These steps, or links, make up what is called a food chain. Without green plants, all other living things would in time die of starvation.Plants help animals in other ways too. They furnish homes and shelter for many animals. Many birds, as you know, build their nests in trees. Deer and many other animals use bushes for shelter. And even man depends much upon plants for his shelter. Animals repay some of this debt by helping plants. You may be aware that many insects and some birds do important work for plants by pollinating (授粉) them. You must have also learned how animals often help plants by spreading seeds.What is waste material for one of these kinds of life is often valuable substance for the other. For example, animals give off carbon dioxide gas when they breathe. When plants make food, they absorb this gas from the air, using the carbon and releasing some of the oxygen back into the air. The oxygen that is released, then, is again supplied to animals. Thus the cycle continues, animals helping plants, and plants helping animals. All plants and animals have their enemies. Insects eat plants; birds eat insects; other animals kill birds. But here too, animals such as birds and bats help the plants by destroying harmful insects. Many plants and animals are helpful to some living things but are harmful to others. Then there are other rules in nature that act as checks and balances. For example, if there are more animals in a certain area than there is food to support them, some of the animals must migrate or starve. In either case, the number of animals will be reduced until the balance between animals and the available food supply is restored.These helps and hindrances (障碍) are constantly going on in the plant and animal world to achieve a balance. As long as one living thing is dependent on another, whenever the scales are tipped (使倾斜), nature takes steps to balance the scales again. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What does the author mean by saying “Plants and animals usually do not live apart”?82. Besides providing food and shelter for animals, plants can also _ to help animals to live. 83. “Checks and balances” refers to _ in the world of animals and plants.84. What will be the final result if some animals migrate or starve for lack of food? 81. They are important to each other. / They depend on each other.82. release oxygen83. helps and hindrances that are going on 84. Their / Animal number will be reduced until the balance is restored.2013届（2012学年）上海市高三英语一模简答15（奉贤）When your country relies heavily on tourism and you lose more than a third of your visitors due to political revolution, youve got to do something pretty dramatic to get them back. And if you are Egypt, you reopen a pyramid.The Egyptian government recently announced that one of its great pyramids 一 the Pyramid of Chefren 一 and as many as six other ancient tombs at the Giza Necropolis (吉萨金字塔群) will be reopened after a long restoration project. The move was made in an attempt to revive (重振) a tourism industry that was badly affected by last years unrest.Egypt became a no-go area following the unrest in 2011. Scenes of violent protests, mainly in the Capital Cairo, were broadcast ACROSS the world and understandably took the country off the holiday trail.Despite that questions are still being asked about the security of potential tourists visiting the region, Egypts antiquities minister Muhammad Ibrahim insisted that it was a safe country. He said the region was far more stable one year on, adding that other archaeological (考古旳) sites were due to be opened across Egypt in coming months.The Pyramid of Chefren, also known as the Pyramid of Chafren, is the second largest pyramid at the Giza site. It was built as the tomb for the Pharaoh Chafren from ancient Egypts fourth dynasty. The pyramid and the other around it, were discovered in 1927 by American archaeologist George Reinser, and have been closed for restoration on several other occasions in the past.In 1990s a site management plan was carried out to try and preserve these historic treasures when the antiquities ministry discovered that the large volume of visitors over the years had raised levels of humidity inside the structures to levels of up to 80 percent. Research found that every visitor to the pyramids released an average of 20 grams of water vapor through sweat, which slowly caused damage to the walls inside.The project, which cost around $4 million, included cleaning the walls of the tombs and strengthening them, as well AS removing graffiti left by previous visitors. Inscriptions (铭文）and paintings were also preserved.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN FIFTEEN WORDS.)81. The Pyramid of Chefren will be reopened following restoration project in an attempt to82. According to the passage, why were tourists unwilling to go to Egypt after the unrest in 2011?83. What else does the Egyptian government plan to do in the coming months to help the countrys tourism industry?84. A site management plan was carried out in the 1990s because_.81. revive Egypts tourism industry82. Because tourists were worried about their safety.83. To reopen other archaeological sites across Egypt.84. the large volume of visitors had caused damage to the walls inside pyramids2013届（2012学年）上海市高三英语一模简答16（宝山）That experiences influence future behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when ones memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids situation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting(output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer common support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)81. According to Para. 1, memory plays an important role in _.82. We can obviously notice that over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten from _.83. What does it seem that the author disagree to explain?84. According to the last paragraph, how do we exactly make adjustments between memory and forgetting?81. learning, intelligent behaviour and the ability to solve any problem82. dramatic instances of sudden forgetting83. how the process of forgetting survived by evolutionary interpretation84. Not mentioned in the passage/We dont know.一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一一