知识管理是21世纪的管理趋势.ppt

KnowledgeManagementResearch:APersonalExperience,天马行空官方博客：,ImportanceofKMResearch,TheimportanceofknowledgeinbusinessManagingknowledgeisadifficultandcontinuingprocessAchallengingquestion:Howcanknowledgebemanagedproperlytoimprovefirmperformance?,天马行空官方博客：,知識管理是21世紀的管理趨勢,資料、資訊、知識、智慧關係,內隱知識與外顯知識的比較,不同的知識特性,知識、智慧資本與企業價值,個人知識與組織知識的轉換,Nonaka的知識成長模式,知識管理的基本工具,創造分類/儲存索引/檢索過濾/篩選導覽使用分析知識推薦,ResearchinKnowledgeManagement,ConceptualKnowledgemanagementcyclesFrameworkofknowledgemanagementTechnicalKMSdevelopmentKnowledgerecommendationManagerialKnowledgemanagementimplementationKMandperformance,MajorconstructsofKM,NatureofknowledgeOrganizationalenvironmentNatureoforganizationKnowledgemanagementactivitiesandprocesses(cycles)KMplatform:infrastructureandKMSNatureofusersandintermediariesEffectofKMonorganizations,SampleStudies,EffectofKnowledgeDiversityonFirmPerformanceCapabilityandTaskTechnologyFitonIndividualPerformancePersonalizationandCustomer-CentricSystems,EffectofKnowledgeDiversityonFirmPerformance,ResearchProblem,Shouldanindustryfocusonafewkeycategoriesofknowledgeorabroadcoverageofallknowledgeinordertobecompetitive?DoestheadoptionofIThaveanyrelationshipwiththevalueofknowledgeandfirmperformance?,EcologicalmodelinOrganization,HannonandFreeman(1989)proposedtheecologicalviewoforganizationthatseekstounderstandhowsocialconditionsaffecttheratesinwhichneworganizationsandneworganizationalformsarises,theratesatwhichorganizationschangeforms,andtheratesatwhichorganizationsdieout.,何謂生態學？,生態學（Ecology）是研究生物與其周圍環境相互關係的科學。亦即，生態學是研究在某一特定範圍內，生物與生物之間、生物與環境之間相互影響關係的科學。生態學亦可以被視為是一種巨觀的生物學生態學以不同層次的角度觀察生物，包含：個體（Organism）物種（Species）族群（Population）群落（Community）生態系統（Ecosystem）,生態學的DICE模式,基於生態學理論的歸納，生物族群在生態系統內的關係，主要可以分成分佈、互動、競爭、演化四個階段，並形成一個循環，命名為DICE模式。,分佈（Distribution）,在研究的本質上，生態學探討、描述生物體之間及生物體與環境之間的相互關係。如何去描繪目前生態系統的狀況便是生態研究的基礎。生物分佈狀況或空間塑模（SpatialModeling）：以數學方法對生態系統進行描述，包含對於各個生物族群數量的計數、地理區域的分佈狀況。生態研究的第一步工作。,分佈構面的子構面,族群的強度族群強度在衡量不同族群之間的相對強度，藉以分析族群間的強弱關係並可定義它們之間的行為關係。一般而言，族群的強度可以利用族群的種類、族群內生物體的個數、分佈區域、及在食物鏈上的關係等構面來衡量，可用來描繪群落內族群的分佈輪廓。物種的多樣性衡量群落內物種的豐富程度，生態系統的一個重要觀察指標。多樣性與穩定性關係法則（Diversity-stabilityprinciple）,AKnowledgeEcology,Basicspeciesinaknowledgeecologyisdifferenttypesofknowledgethatbelongtotheorganization.ThegoalofKMistobuildamechanismbywhichahealthybalanceofknowledgecanbemaintainedforachievingsuperiorperformance.,Diversityvs.Stability,Inecologicalrules,thediversity-stabilityrelationshipisamajorprincipal,whichsaysanecologyismorestableifitmaintainsacertainlevelofdiversity.Similarly,wewouldliketoexaminewhetherthesameruleholdsinaknowledgeecology,ie,organizationswithmorediversifiedknowledgearemorestableinperformance.,ResearchFramework,Hypotheses(1),H1:RelationshipBetweenITandKnowledgeEcologyH11:HigherITcapabilitiessupporthigherknowledgeecologyH12:HigherITcapabilitiessupporthigherknowledgediversity,Hypotheses(2),RelationshipbetweenKnowledgediversityandfirmperformanceH21:HigherknowledgeintensityresultsinhigheraverageperformanceH22:Higherknowledgeintensityresultsinlowerperformancevariations,Hypotheses(3),RelationshipbetweenknowledgediversityandfirmperformanceHigherknowledgediversityresultsinloweraverageperformanceHigherknowledgediversityresultsinlowerperformancevariations,CriteriaforChoosingIndustries,Fourindustrieswerechosenbasedontheirknowledgeintensityandenvironmentaluncertainty.Knowledgeintensityismeasuredastheratioofproductpricebythetangiblecosts(includingmaterialcostsanddepreciationoffixedassets).Environmentaluncertaintyismeasuredbythechangesintechnology(measuredbythenumberandimportanceofpatents)andproductlifecycle.,TheChosenIndustries,TwelveKnowledgeTypes,Twentycompanieswerechosen(fiveineachcategory)forstudy.Valuechainactivitiesareusedtodifferentiate12categoriesofknowledge,suchasrawmaterialacquisition,productmanufacturing,distribution,marketing,customerservices,strategicplanning,generalmanagement,financialmanagement,qualitymanagement,humanresourcemanagement,R&D,andISmanagement.,DataCollection,AgroupofexpertswasinvitedtofilloutthequestionnaireforassessingtherelativeimportanceofaparticularknowledgeinanindustryandtherelativestrengthofthetwelvetypesofknowledgeamongthecompaniesAtotalof58responseswerecollected,amongwhich17forsemiconductor,16forICDesign,15forbanks,and10forsteel.,Datameasurement,ITcapabilities:meanscoreontheITcapabilityquestionfromexpertsKnowledgeintensity:meanscoreoftheother11typesofknowledgeKnowledgediversity:usingtheentropytomeasureitFirmperformance:Earningspershareinthepastfiveyears(meansandvariance),RelativeImportances,DataReliability,ResultsfromPathAnalysis,IndustrialDifferences,EffectofKnowledgeBreadth,WechoosedifferentnumberofknowledgetypesandseehowknowledgebreadthwouldaffectthehypothesesStepwiseanalysisthatremovedoneknowledgecategoryrankedtheleastimportantbyexpertsatatime,andrepeatedthepathanalysisfor9times.,ModelswithDifferentKnowledgeSpread,EffectsofKnowledgeBreadthbyIndustry,H21:knowledgeintensityonperformanc