（精选幻灯片）unit 5 for want of a drink

Forwantofadrink,1,Warmingup,Doyouknowtheimportanceofwater?Watercovers71%oftheEarthssurface.Itisvitalforallknownformsoflife.Thehumanbodycontainsfrom55%to78%water,dependingonbodysize.Watermakesup70%ofourbrainand80%ofourblood.,2,Thedistributionofwater,OnEarth,96.5%oftheplanetscrustwaterisfoundinseasandoceans,1.7%ingroundwater,1.7%inglaciersandtheicecapsofAntarcticaandGreenland,asmallfractioninotherlargewaterbodies,and0.001%intheairasvapor,clouds(formedoficeandliquidwatersuspendedinair),andprecipitation,3,Only2.5%ofthiswaterisfreshwater,and98.8%ofthatwaterisinice(exceptingiceinclouds)andgroundwater.Lessthan0.3%ofallfreshwaterisinrivers,lakes,andtheatmosphere,andanevensmalleramountoftheEarthsfreshwater(0.003%)iscontainedwithinbiologicalbodiesandmanufacturedproducts.2Agreaterquantityofwaterisfoundintheearthsinterior.4,4,Effectsonhumancivilization,Civilizationhashistoricallyflourishedaroundriversandmajorwaterways;Mesopotamia,theso-calledcradleofcivilization,wassituatedbetweenthemajorriversTigrisandEuphrates;theancientsocietyoftheEgyptiansdependedentirelyupontheNile.RomewasalsofoundedonthebanksoftheItalianriverTiber(台伯河).,5,LargemetropoliseslikeRotterdam,London,Montreal,Paris,NewYorkCity,BuenosAires,Shanghai,Tokyo,Chicago,andHongKongowetheirsuccessinparttotheireasyaccessibilityviawaterandtheresultantexpansionoftrade.Islandswithsafewaterports,likeSingapore,haveflourishedforthesamereason.,6,Changethelandscape,7,Theusesofwater,Canyounamesome?,8,9,10,Agriculture,Themostimportantuseofwaterinagricultureisforirrigation,whichisakeycomponenttoproduceenoughfood.,11,12,Fordrinking,Tofunctionproperly,thebodyrequiresbetweenoneandsevenlitersofwaterperdaytoavoiddehydration;thepreciseamountdependsonthelevelofactivity,temperature,humidity,andotherfactors.Itisnotclearhowmuchwaterintakeisneededbyhealthypeople,thoughmostspecialistsagreethatapproximately2liters(6to7glasses)ofwaterdailyistheminimumtomaintainproperhydration.,13,14,Washing,Washingisalsoanimportantcomponentofseveralaspectsofpersonalbodyhygiene,15,16,Transportation,Theuseofwaterfortransportationofmaterialsthroughriversandcanalsaswellastheinternationalshippinglanesisanimportantpartoftheworldeconomy.,17,18,Chemicaluses,Wateriswidelyusedinchemicalreactionsasasolvent（溶剂），reactant，asolute（溶质）orcatalyst（催化剂）,19,20,21,Recreation,Humansusewaterformanyrecreationalpurposes,aswellasforexercisingandforsports.Someoftheseincludeswimming,waterskiing,boating,surfinganddiving.Inaddition,somesports,likeicehockeyandiceskating,areplayedonice.Lakesides,beachesandwaterparksarepopularplacesforpeopletogotorelaxandenjoyrecreation.,22,23,powergeneration,Waterisusedinpowergeneration.Hydroelectricityiselectricityobtainedfromhydropower.Hydroelectricpowercomesfromwaterdrivingawaterturbineconnectedtoagenerator.Hydroelectricityisalow-cost,non-polluting,renewableenergysource.Theenergyissuppliedbythemotionofwater.Typicallyadamisconstructedonariver,creatinganartificiallakebehindit.Waterflowingoutofthelakeisforcedthroughturbinesthatturngenerators.,24,25,Foodprocessing,Boiling,steaming,andsimmeringarepopularcookingmethodsthatoftenrequireimmersingfoodinwateroritsgaseousstate,steam.Waterisalsousedfordishwashing.Wateralsoplaysmanycriticalroleswithinthefieldoffoodscience.Itisimportantforafoodscientisttounderstandtherolesthatwaterplayswithinfoodprocessingtoensurethesuccessoftheirproducts,26,Thescarcityofwater,27,28,29,30,Waterregulation,YutheGreatLIBing,IrrigationsystemXimenBaotamedtheriverYeSouth-to-NorthwaterDiversionProject,31,Valueeverydropofwater！,32,Textappreciation(para1-para2),Theauthorisissuingawarning:,33,Para1,Whentheword,crisisisrarelyfarbehind.(1)Whenpeoplementiontheword“water”,youknowtheyaregoingtotalkaboutwatercrisis.Rarelyfarbehind:usuallynear,34,Water,isthenewoil,byinsatiabledemand.Likeoil,water,whichhasbeenstupidlywasted,isbecominganexpensivecommodityandwillsoonbeexhaustedbyexcessivecomsumption.,35,Overwhelmv.,Ifyouareoverwhelmedbyafeelingorevent,itaffectsyouverystrongly,andyoudonotknowhowtodealwithit.eg:Nodifficultycanoverwhelmus.2.Ifagroupofpeopleoverwhelmaplaceoranothergroup,theygaincompletecontrolorvictoryoverthem.Eg:ItwasclearthatonemassiveAlliedoffensivewouldoverwhelmtheweakenedenemy.,36,Aquifersarefalling,Theauthorusesaccurateandspecificverbstodescribewhatishappeningtomajorwater-holdingpartsofearth.Falling:becominglowVanishing:meltingDryingup:becomingdryNolongerflowingtothesea:nolongeracontinuousflowofwater,37,Everyonemustuselesswater,Allofusmustuselesswatertoavoidsuchdisastersasfamine,epidemicandmassmigration.(asolution,antidote),38,Para2,BringingsupplyanddemandItisextremelydifficulttobalancepeoplesdemandformorewaterandtheamountofwateravailable.Bringingintoequilibrium:makematch,39,equilibrium,1.abalanceFortheeconomytobeinequilibrium,incomemustequalexpenditure.2.normalcalmstateofmindChangeintheworldaroundusdisturbsourinnerequilibrium.,40,Capacity,1.N-VAR能力;才能Hermentalcapacityandtemperamentareasremarkableashis.2N-UNCOUNT(工厂、企业、地区的)生产量,生产（或运输）能力Breadfactoriesareworkingatfullcapacity.3N-COUNT（设备的）容量，功率，马力.anaircraftwithabomb-carryingcapacityof454kg.载弹量为454千克的飞机,41,ability：普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。capacity：侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。capability：多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。genius：语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。talent：着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。competence：正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。faculty：指特殊的才能或智力。gift：着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。aptitude：多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。,42,4N-VAR（容器的）容积，容量.thefueltanks,whichhadacapacityof140litres.5N-SING(建筑、地方、车辆的)可容纳人数,载客量Torontohospitalmaternitywardswerefilledtocapacity.多伦多医院的产房都已住满了。6.N-COUNT身份;职责;职位MsHalliwellvisitedthePhilippinesinhercapacityasaSpecialRepresentativeofUnicef.哈利韦尔女士以联合国儿童基金会特别代表的身份访问了菲律宾。,43,Para3,Thenthegreenrevolution,Itliststhecausesforatremendousincreaseintheworldsfoodsupply.Theconsequenceisahugeriseinthepopulation.Thegreenrevolutionisatermwidelyusedtodescribetheefforttoincreaseanddiversifycropyieldsinagriculturallylessadvancedregionsintheworld.,44,Domesticactivitiestaketheother8%.Referringtosanitation,wastedisposal,etcDomestic1.ADJ国内的;本国的.over100domesticflightsadayto15UKdestinations.salesinthedomesticmarket.2ADJ家务的.,家庭的.aplanforsharingdomesticchores.；adomesticdispute3ADJ家用的.domesticappliances.家用器具,Para5,45,4.ADJ-GRADED喜爱家庭生活的;乐于操持家务的Shewaskindanddomesticandputherfamilybeforeherpart-timejob.她人很好也顾家，把家庭看得比兼职工作更为重要。5.ADJ非野生的;驯养的;作为宠物饲养的.adomesticanimals,（livestock),46,Thelawofconservationofmass,Itstatesthatforanysystemclosedtoalltransfersofmatterandenergy,themassofthesystemmustremainconstantovertime,assystemmasscannotchangequantityifitisnotaddedorremoved.Hence,thequantityofmassisconservedovertime.Thelawimpliesthatmasscanneitherbecreatednordestroyed,althoughitmayberearrangedinspace,ortheentitiesassociatedwithitmaybechangedinform.,47,Waterinoceans,lakes,andriversevaporates,orturnsintovaporandrisesintotheairs.Thewatervaporeventuallyturnsbackintoliquidandfallsasrain.Thewatercyclekeepsthetotalamountofwateronearththesame.,48,Para9,ThevalueofwaterasacommodityVaryfromtoVariedVarious,variety;Variations,49,place：含义广泛，最普通用词，既可指很小的地点，又可指很大很远的地方或场所。position多指物体相对于其他物体所处的位置或状态。spot：指相对较小的特定地点或事物所在地。situation：指物体在其周围环境中所处的位置或状态，侧重地点或场所的环境特征。site：指或大或小的地方，既可指供专门用途或特定活动的地点，又可指某一事件的地址。location：指某物设置的方向或地点。locality：指某物所处的客观位置和周围地区。setting：一般特指戏剧或小说所写的环境或场所。scene：常指真实事件或虚构故事发生的地点。,50,Account,1.Hegaveadetailedaccountofwhathappenedonthefatefulnight.byallaccounts根据各种说法gaveagoodaccountofthemselves.（尽管未必大获全胜但）出色地表现（自己）beofnoaccountoroflittleaccount毫不重要;无足轻重onaccountof,因为onmyaccount.因为（某人的）缘故Onnoaccount，切勿takenintoaccount.考虑到,51,accountfor,Ministersshouldbecalledtoaccountfortheiractions2.Thesocialservicesaccountforasubstantialpartofpublicspending.3.ThePresidentandthePresidentalonemustaccountforhisgovernmentsreforms.总统必须为他的政府改革负责，而且是负全责。,52,Para11,Scareorplentiful,(aconditionalclause)Whetherthereislittleoralotofit,mostimportantly,waterisfoundinparticularareas.Allpeople,blackwhite,shouldliveequally.Inwealthorinpoverty,hiswifeprovedareliableanchorforhislife.,53,Para13,Asdemandsoffarmershaveoutgrowntheirsupplies.Farmersneedmorewaterthantheycangetfromrivers,lakesandreservoirs.,54,Outgrow,（小孩）长得穿不下（衣服）SheoutgrewherclothessorapidlythatPatsywasalwayshavingtobuynewones.2.因长大而放弃（以前的行为或想法）Thegirlmayormaynotoutgrowherinterestinfashion,55,Exceedtheannualrecharge,Heacceptshewasexceedingthespeedlimit.Itsresearchbudgetexceeds$700millionayearHeisusingyourmainselectricitytorechargehiscarbattery.Hewantedtorechargehisbatteriesandcomebackfeelingfreshandpositive.他想去放松休息一下，然后精力充沛、干劲十足地回来。,56,harness,1.VERBIfyouharnesssomethingsuchasanemotionornaturalsourceofenergy,youbringitunderyourcontrolanduseit.themovementsabilitytoharnesstheangerofallUkrainians.该运动之疏解所有乌克兰人怒气的能力TurkeyplanstoharnessthewatersoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversforbighydro-electricpowerprojects.,57,harness,2.Ifahorseorotheranimalisharnessed,aharnessisputonit,especiallysothatitcanpullacarriage,cart,orplough.Eg:OnSundaythehorseswereharnessedtoaheavywagonforadaylongrideovertheBorder.3.Ifyousaythatsomeoneisinharness,youmeanthattheyareworking,oftenafteraperiodofnotworking.,58,substitute,V.Ifyousubstituteonethingforanother,orifonethingsubstitutesforanother,ittakestheplaceorperformsthefunctionoftheotherthing.Theyweresubstitutingviolencefordialogue.他们在用暴力取代对话。N.1.令人满意的替代物;与之媲美的事物2.替补(运动员),59,replace,substitute,displace,这些动词均含替代，取代之意。replace：最普通用词，指任何形式的替代，尤指以新的替代旧的、老的和坏的等，指人指物均可。substitute：指某人因故不在时，由别人代理其职，有时也可指由一物去代替另一物。displace：侧重指用另外的人或物强行取代并非称职的人或无用之物，指人时往往暗含带不满情绪的意味。,60,conserve,1.VIfyouconserveasupplyofsomething,youuseitcarefullysothatitlastsforalongtime.Eg.Therepublicsfactorieshaveclosedfortheweekendtoconserveenergy.2.VToconservesomethingmeanstoprotectitfromharm,loss,orchange.Eg.abigincreaseinUSaidtohelpdevelopingcountriesconservetheirforests.Eg.theGovernment-fundedbodyresponsibleforconservinghistoricbuildings.3.n.Conserveisjamcontainingalargeproportionoffruit,usuallyinwholepieces.,61,Reserve,1.v.Ifsomethingisreservedforaparticularpersonorpurpose,itiskeptspeciallyforthatpersonorpurpose.Eg:Adoubleroomwithabalconyoverlookingtheseahadbeenreservedforhim.2.v.预订;保留;预约Eg:Illreserveatableforfive.3.n.储备;储存物资;储藏量Areserveisasupplyofsomethingthatisavailableforusewhenitisneeded.Eg:TheGulfhas65percentoftheworldsoilreserves.4.Insports,areserveissomeonewhoisavailabletoplayaspartofateamifoneofthemembersisillorcannotplay.Heendedupasareserve,butstillqualifiedforateamgoldmedal.,62,5.Anaturereserveisanareaoflandwheretheanimals,birds,andplantsareofficiallyprot