非谓语做状语(复习学案)

非谓语动词做状语的复习Learning objectives:1 . Review and learn some techniques of non-finite verbs usage2. Learn to apply non-finite verbs to practical use and reading comprehensions3. Increase the awareness of using non-finite verbs in writingn the to infinitive(不定式) 主动式 被动式 一般式 To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing / 完成进行式 To have been doing /1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因： Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.（结果状语） Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice.（目的状语） Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress. (原因状语)n V-ing(present participle)（现在分词） 主动式 被动式 一般式 Doing Being done 完成式 Having done Having been donen V-ed (past participle) done（过去分词）2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、结果，伴随、让步、方式：1). Given a chance, I can surprise the world.（条件状语）2). Comingintotheroom,hefoundhisfatherangry.（时间状语）3). Beingtired,theywentonworking. （让步状语）4). Havingbeenhitbythebigboyonthenose,the littleboybegantocry. （原因状语） 5). Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.（伴随状语）Practice (分词作状语)：1). When _(heat), water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3) Generally speaking, when_(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 4） If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. n V-ing (gerund) (动名词)-不能做状语一般式Doing被动式Being done动名词复合结构Sb doing注意：否定结构中not永远前置:1）_(write) in simple English, the book is hard to read. 2）_(see) her, he doesnt want to leave.3）He pretended _(recognize) his neighbor who always talked too much.Special structure: conjunctions + V-ing /v-ed1)在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中， 由When，While，If，Unless，Once，Though ，Although ，Even if引导，如果谓语部分有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致，常把从句中的主语和动词be省略。While (you are) cycling，dont forget the traffic lights.骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。If (I am) invited，I will go.如果被邀请，我会去。Whenever (he is) asked，he would always keep silent.每当问到他时，他总是保持沉默。2)before/after doing being done After being operated, this patient pulled through.Practice: 1)When _(wait) for the bus, he saw an old friend. 2)While _(read) the article, I was thinking of how I would write the story. 3）Once _(catch), people who break the rules will be punished.来源:学|科|网 4）If _(repair) well, the washing machine could be used again. 5）Although _(leave) alone, she did not feel lonely at all. 6）_instructed, no one knows how to operate the machine.7）_finished, this building will be used as a hospital.8）_waiting, he recited some English words9）_taught many times, the little boy still cant solve the math problems. 10)After _(show) around the library, we were taken to the playground.Step 1 非谓语动词作状语的基本用法区别(一) 不定式作目的状语（有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)）1.To do first aid correctly, you have to study with a teacher.2.In order not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.来源:Zxxk.Com3.Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (so as to只能置于主句后)4. Many people went to see Sang Lan in the hospital _(cheer) her up.5. _theirservice,theworkersofthehotelareactiveinlearningEnglish.A.ImprovingB.ToimproveC.ImprovedD.Havingimproved注意 从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于句首时，通常用逗号和句子隔开； 如果放于句末，通常不用逗号。(二) 现在分词和过去分词作伴随状语1. On August 24, the mountain exploded, _(pour) out a cloud of ash. 2.Allnightlonghelayawake, _ (think)howtoimprove the relationship with his parents.3. _(surround) by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom. (三) 现在分词和过去分词作时间状语1. _(travel) around the city, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise.2. _(ask) when he would arrive, he said it was uncertain.3. _toherapartment,shefoundhernecklacemissing. A.ToreturnB.ReturnedC.BeingreturnedD.Returning(四) 不定式、现在分词和过去分词作原因状语 1. _(wish) to advocate better treatment for disabled people, Sang Lan took part in many activities.2. _ (inspire) by Sang Lans story, the students decide to work harder at their lessons.3. Iwasannoyed_(hear)themtalklikethat.总结不定式的这种用法常见于表示人的心理感受的形容词作表语的句式中。这类形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,lucky,unfortunate,ashamed,surprised,frightened,shocked,delighted,disappointed,anxious,foolish,rude,cruel, etc.(五) 现在分词和过去分词作方式状语1. The children started for London, _(sing) and _ (laugh).2. He walked up and down the room, _(lose) in thought.3. The patient got off the bed, _(support) by the nurse. (六) 现在分词和过去分词作条件状语1. _ (turn) to the left at the crossroads, you will see the railway station on your right.来源:2. _(give) enough time, we will see the whole city.(七) 不定式、现在分词和过去分词作结果状语1. Thetroopstriedmanytimestobreakintothecity,_eachtime. A.beatenbackB.onlytobebeatenbackC.beingbeatenbackD.havingbeenbeatenback2. The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, _(injure) in the head.3. He didnt come today, _(make) it necessary for us to find someone to do his workk.总结 不定式作结果状语时放于句末，其前面时常有副词only，表示意想不到的结果。V-ing 作结果状语, 表示自然产生的结果,与主语之间构成主动关系。V-ed做状语，与主语之间构成被动关系。(八) 现在分词和过去分词作让步状语1._(rain) heavily, it will clear up very soon.2._(laugh) at by many people, he continued his study. 来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+Step2 非谓语动词的解题方法一辨别“谓与非谓” 二. 找逻辑主语三分析语态（主被动关系） 四.分析时态（时间关系）Step 1. Analyze the sentence structure and decide whether to use finite or non-finite Combine the following two sentences into one according to the requirement：Mary is clever. She learns English well.n _Mary is clever, she learns English well （adverbial clause of reason）n Mary is clever, _ she learns English well. (adverbial clause of result)n Mary is clever _ she learns English well. (compound complex sentence)n Mary is clever, _ learns English well.(attributive clause )n _ clever, Mary learns English well.n Mary is clever, _ English well.Distinguish finite or non-finiten 1._many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .A. Having been told B. ToldC. He was told D. Though had been toldn 3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left and youll find the post office .A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. TurnedStep 2. Analyze the logical subject of the non-finite verb.The one who takes action or bears action is called logical subject. 6. First _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced7. While watching the TV, _.A. the doorbell rang. B. the doorbell rings.B. we heard the doorbell ring. D. we heard the doorbell rang.If the logical subject isnt the subject of the sentence, we have to keep this logical subject. Structure like this is called absolute structure, or we say 独立主格结构 8._no buses , we had to walk home.9. _Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home .A. There being B. It was C. There were D. It beingStep 3. Analyze the voice of the non-finite verb, active or passive voice. After deciding the logical subject, if this subject ta