中考英语专题复习：一 名词优秀(课堂PPT)

1,第二部分语法专题研究,专题一名词,2,【考情概览】分析近5年云南中考真题可以看出，名词语境辨析、词性转化、名词词组为必考点，设题主要在单项填空、完形填空和词语运用类试题。名词单复数为常考点，名词所有格为冷考点，均在单项填空中考查。,3,命题点一名词辨析命题点二名词的数与名词所有格命题点三词性转化命题点四名词短语,练讲重难点,4,1.Iwantacupofhotmilk.Putsome_init,please.OK,waitaminute.A.iceB.soupC.saltD.sugar,名词辨析（5年5考36次）,D,重难点精析,命题点一,考点抢测,5,2.Iamgoingtothe_.Doyouwantanything?Yes,abagofrice.A.marketB.classroomC.libraryD.park,A,6,3.Whatsthedate?ItsOctober1st,its_.A.ChildrensDayB.NationalDayC.Mid-autumnDayD.MothersDay,B,7,1.语境辨析（2015年7次；2014年3次；2012年11次；2011年3次）名词辨析是云南中考的必考点，重点考查名词语境辨析，即不同意思的单词在具体语境中的辨析。少量涉及近义名词辨析、专有名词辨析和词性辨析。解答语境辨析类试题，首先要确定四个词的含义，然后分析语境和逻辑关系，确定正确答案。也可采用代入法，直接将四个选项填入,满分点拨,8,空格，选出语法和逻辑最符合的选项。考生复习时，可结合28天话题词汇分类速记手册进行重点记忆。,9,云南中考对语境辨析的考查以同类名词词义辨析为主，具体如下：,10,11,在做语境辨析类试题时，一些逻辑性的关联可以帮助我们迅速确定答案，如：借书（book）肯定要去图书馆（library），取钱（money）需要去银行（bank）等。,12,2.近义辨析（2012年1次；2011年2次）以下为中考常见的近义词辨析，老师可根据词条适当补充讲解。noise,sound与voice（2012德宏州37题）（讲解见九年级全Units78P126）family,home,house与room(2011玉溪54题）（讲解见七年级上Units14P4）,13,village,city与countryside(2011玉溪32题)village是可数名词，指村庄。如：Thisvillageisasbeautifulasthefairyland.这个小村庄美如仙境。city是可数名词，指城市。如：Iliveinthewestofthecity.我住在该城市的西部。,14,countryside是可数名词，多指郊外。如:Theylivedaquietlifeinthecountryside.他们在乡下过着宁静的生活。job与work（讲解见七年级下Units13P25）,15,3.词性辨析（2012年1次）云南中考对词性辨析的考查主要是对同词根相关词汇的词性考查。如：die(v.),death(n.),dead(adj.)（2012曲靖43题）,16,4.常识及专有名词辨析（2012年1次，2011年2次）云南中考常识辨析和专有名词辨析主要是国名、节目和电台名，如：Chinese,Russian,American,Australian(2011昭通39题)。,17,名词的数与名词所有格（5年4考16次）4._deskislongandwide.Theylikeitverymuch.A.SoniasandJanesB.SoniaandJanesC.SoniaandJaneD.SoniasandJane,B,命题点二,考点抢测,18,名词的数在云南考查较多，主要考查点多为名词变复数的不规则变化：以f、fe、y、sh结尾的单词。考生在熟记名词词义的基础上，还应掌握可数名词复数的变形规则，尤其是不规则变形。名词所有格主要考查复数名词的所有格形式、各自拥有和两者共有的所有格。,满分点拨,19,1.可数名词(1)可数名词的规则变化,20,21,22,(2)可数名词的不规则变化改a为e型：manmen，womanwomen，FrenchmanFrenchmen，policemanpolicemen(GermanGermans,NormanNormans除外)改oo为ee型：footfeet，toothteeth特殊记忆childchildren，mousemice,23,单复数同形的名词，如：sheep绵羊，deer鹿，fish鱼，Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人。,单复数同形的名词口诀中国人（Chinese）和日本人（Japanese）很爱护鱼（fish）鹿(deer)和绵羊（sheep）。,24,只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers裤子，glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，people人们，scissors剪刀，chopsticks筷子。,25,像public,police,family,team,group,class,crowd等集体名词一般以单数形式出现，当它们作主语时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Thepolicearesearchingforthethieveseverywhere.警察们正在到处寻找盗贼。,26,【方法突破】名词变复数主要在适当形式填空题中考查，当空格前有two,manyother,oneof,anumberof,all,they,are等表示多个概念的词时，一般用名词复数。,2.不可数名词（1）不可数名词通常没有复数形式，也不能用a或an修饰。不可数名词量的表示：,27,28,3.名词所有格（1）s所有格有生命的名词的所有格，在单数名词和不是以“s”结尾的复数名词词尾加“s”，在以“s”结尾的复数名词词尾加“”（2014曲靖49题,2011曲靖76题）。如：theboysbag男孩的书包；theworkerstasks工人们的任务,29,（2）表示几个人共同拥有某物时，只需在最后一个人名后加“s”；表示各自所有时，则需在每个人名后都加上“s”（2012昭通37题）。如：JimandTomsroom吉姆和汤姆共有的房间；JimsandTomsrooms吉姆和汤姆各自的房间。,30,4.of所有格表示无生命事物的名词一般用of所有格。如：alegofthetable桌子的一条腿of所有格有时也可以用于人或有生命的东西表示所属关系，特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时。如：thenameofthebraveyoungman这个勇敢的年轻人的名字。,31,注意有的名词所有格可以用两种方法表示。如：thestoryofSunYang=SunYangsstory孙杨的故事,32,词性转化（5年4考13次）名词的词性转化是云南中考每年的必考点，一般都为名词变为形容词形式。如果空格后是名词，或者空格前是be动词、感官动词时，一般要将名词转化成形容词。常见的名词变形容词的情况罗列如下表.（更多词性转化参考28天话题词汇分类速记手册）,满分点拨,命题点三,33,34,35,名词短语（5年4考20次）5.Therearefifty_inourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.（女老师）,womenteachers,命题点四,考点抢测,36,名词短语是云南中考的必考点，要做好这类题，考生必须在日常学习中多积累相关词汇。名词短语有三种形式：名词+名词形式，形容词+名词形式，以及数词+名词作定语形式。,满分点拨,37,1.名词+名词（2015年3次,2014年2次，2013年2次，2012年8次，2011年7次）。名词作定语修饰名词，前一个名词一般用单数或不可数词，如：teaart茶艺。但也有名词复数作定语的例外情况，如：sportsmeeting,studentsreading-room。注意man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复数由所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：manworker,womenscientists。,38,2.形容词+名词（2015年考查3次，2014年考查2次，2012年考查7次，2011年考查11次）。形容词作定语修饰名词，这种类型的名词短语很常见，如：Americanmovies美国电影。,39,CedarGulchwas,in1851,aflourishingcamp.Therehadbeensomegoodfindhatdidhesay?thenew-comerasked.15Iheardhimsay,Itisnouseyourgoingonlikethat,mates.Ifyouhadgonedownhewouldhavegothisfriends,andthentherewouldhavebeenageneralfight,andseveralwouldhavegothurt.Whenyouhavemurderersliketheseyoudontwantafightyouwantanexecution;andhavingasortofnaturalknackwiththepistol,Itookituponmyselftobeexecutioner.Therewasanothercase,althoughitdidnthappenatthecampIwasat,inwhichawomanwasmurderedbyahalf-breedMexican.Ididnothearthecircumstances,butitwasashockingbadcase.Sheleftachildbehindher,andherhusband,alittleGerman,wentcleanoffhishead.NextmorningLimpingFrankwasmissing.Allthatwasknownwasthathehadboughtahorseofamanwhohadcomeinlatethenightbefore,andwasgone.Histwomateslookedhighandlowforhim,butsaidatlasttheyguessedhewouldturnupagain.Itwaswell-nightwomonthsbeforehecameback.Hebroughtbackwithhimawatchandsometrinketsthathadbeenstolenfromthemurderedwoman,anditseemsthathehadfollowedthefellowrightdownintoNewMexico,andhadshothimthere.Themanwhotoldmesaidhenevermadeanytalkaboutit,butwasatworkasusualthemorningafterhecameback.ItellyouIwouldratherquarrelwithSimHowlettandEnglishBilltogetherthanIwouldgetthatlittlemansdanderup.Heisapeacemakertoo,heis,andmanyaquarrelhehassmootheddown.Atonecampwewereinwemadehimasortofjudge,andwhenevertherewasadisputeaboutclaims,ortools,oranythingelse,wewenttohimandhedecided,andnojudgecouldhavegoneintothecasefairerorgivenabetterjudgment;andthough,incourse,thosehedecidedagainstwerenotpleased,theyhadtoputupwithit.Inthesbythefirstprospectors,andarushhadofcoursefollowed.Inmanycasesfirstdiscoveriesprovedillusive,butitwasnotsoatCedarGulch.Thegroundturnedoutwell,andalthoughnoextraordinaryfindsweremade,theaveragewasgoodalloverthebottom,andtherewerefewwhowerenotdoingfairlywell.Thescenewasabusyone.Severalhundredsofmenwerehardatworkontheflat,whichinwinterwasthebedofawidestream,butwhichinsummerwasamerethreadofwateramongtherocks,scarceenoughforwashingpurposes.Everywherewerepilesofstonesandrubbishthathadbeenbroughtupfromtheshafts;mentoiledatwindlasses;othersemptiedthebucketsastheycameupintoswingingtroughsorcradles;othersagainkeptthesesuppliedwithwater,andswungorrockedthem,takingoffthelargestonesthatthemotionbroughttothesurface,whiletheslushandmudranoutatthelowerend.New-comersmovedaboutwatchingtheworkwitheagereyes,wishingthattheyhadhadthelucktogetthereamongtheearlyarrivals,andtotakeupaclaim,foreveryfootofgroundfardownthevalleyhadalreadybeenoccupied,and12therewasnownogettingintoaclaimexceptbypurchasingashareoraltogetherbuyingoutthepresentholders.Oneoftheclaimsthatwasdoingbestwasheldbythreemenwhohadworkedinpartnershipforthelasttwoyears,andwhohadbeenamongthefirsttoarriveatCedarGulch.TheywereknownamongtheothersasEnglishBill,SimHowlett,andLimpingFrank.SimHowlettwasperhapstheleaderoftheparty.Hehadbeenoneoftheearliestgold-diggers,andwasasquare,powerfullybuiltman.Hewasamanoffewwords,butthewordswhenspokenwereforcible.Hewasbynomeansquarrelsome,butwasonewhomfewcaredtoquarrelwith,eveninaplacewhereseriousquarrelswereofconstantoccurrence,andwhererevolverscrackedsooftenthatthesoundofafrayexcitedbutlittleattention.EnglishBillwasatallwiryman,hotoftemper,butageneralfavourite.Generouswithhismoney,alwaysreadytolendahelpinghandtoanyonewhowasdownonhisluck,healsowasacapitalworker,andhad,inspiteofhisroughclothesandtheuseoflanguageasroughasthatofhiscompanions,acertainairwhichtoldthat,likemanyothersinthediggings,hewasagentlemanbybirth.WhythesetwomenshouldhavetakenupwithLimpingFrankasacomradewasamatterofsurprisetothosewhoknewthem.Theywerebothmenintheprimeoflife,whilehewasatleasttenyearstheirsenior.Hishairwasalreadywhite;hisfacewasthatofastudentratherthanaminer,withagentleandalmostwomanlyexpression.Hisframewasslight,andlookedaltogetherincapableofhardwork,andhewalkedwithadistinctlimp,theresultofabulletwoundinthehip.Andyetthereweremeninthegulchwho,havingknownthetrioatotherdiggings,declaredthattheywouldratherquarreleitherwithEnglishBillorSimHowlettthanwithLimpingFrank,andassomeofthemweredesperatefellows,andnotedpistolshots,theirreportwasquitesufficienttosecurerespectforamanwhootherwisewouldhavebeenregardedwithpityorcontempt.Verylittleofthehardworkofthepartnershipfellupon13Frank.Hecooked,lookedaftertheshanty,didwhatwashingandmendingtotheclotheswasnecessary,andoccasionallycamedownandassistedtoworkthecradleandsortthestuff.Theygenerallyaddressedhimasdoctor.Notthathemadeanyprofessionofmedicalknowledge;buthewasalwaysreadytogivehisservicesincaseofsickness,andmanyaminerhadhepulledthroughfeverswhich,haditnotbeenforhisnursingandcare,wouldhaveprovedfatal.IcantmakeoutwhatyermeanbysayingIhadbestnotquarrelwiththatlittleoldatomyyoucallLimpingFrank,abig,powerfulfellowwhohadrecentlyarrivedatthecampsaidtoonewhohadbeentalkingoverwithhimthecharacteristicsofseveraloftheminers.IaintverypertiklarwhoIquarrelswith;butwhatonarththerecanbeinthatlittlechaptomakeonekeepclearofhimbeatsme.Canheshoot?年年此日一花开，却是石榴知立夏。杨花落尽浓荫日，芳草萋萋五月天。绿阴生昼静，孤花表春余。纷纷红紫已成尘，布谷声中夏令新。夹路桑麻行不尽，始知身是太平人。Youbet,theotherreplied.Hecouldputabulletplumbbetweenyoureyestentimesfollowing,thelengthofthelongsaloonupthere.Thereaintnobettershotnorquickeranywhereontheslopes.Buthedontlookasifhecouldspeakupforhimself,theothersaid.No;andhedoesntspeakupforhimself,thoughhismateswouldbereadyenoughtospeakupforhimifanyonesaidanythingtohim.Thereisnothingquarrelsomeabouthim.Heisalwaysforpeaceandorder.HeisasortofJudgeLynchalltohimself.HehasclearedoutoneortwocampsIhavebeenat.Whenachapgetstoobadforanything,andtakestoshootingoverandabovewhatisusualandright,speciallyifhedrawsonquietsortofchapsandbecomesaterror,thenLimpingFrankcomesout.IwasdownatDeadMansGulchwhentherewasagangofthreeorfourmenwhowereaterrortotheplace.Theyhadstretchedoutsevenoreightbetweenthem,andTexanJack,astheworstofthemwascalled,onedayshotdownayoungfellowwhohadjustcomeintocamp,fornoreasonatall,asfarasanyoneknew.14Ihappenedtobeinthesaloonfiveminutesafterwards,whenLimpingFrankcamein.TexanJackwasstandingdrinkingtherewithtwoofhismates,laughingandjawing.Youwouldscarcelyhaveknownthatlittlechapifyouhadseenhimthen!Hehadbeennursingamateofmineonlythenightbefore,andasIhadbeensittingnearhimIthoughtwhatagentlesortoffacehehadmorelikeawomansthanamans.Butnowhiseyeswerewideopenandhislipsclosed,andtherewasjustasetlookinhisfacethatIknewmeantmischiefforIhadseenhimoncebeforewhenhisdanderwasupandIputmyhandintomybackpocketformypistol,forIknewtherewasgoingtobeamuss.Hestoppedinthemiddleoftheroom,andhesaidinaloud,clearvoicethatmadeeveryonelooksharpround,TexanJack,murdererandvillain,wehavebornewithyoutoolong.Ifyouareaman,draw.TexanJackstaredwithastonishment.Areyoumad,youlittlefool?hesaid.Draw,orIwillshootyoudownasyoustand,LimpingFranksaid,andtheTexansawthathemeantmischief.Frankhadnoweaponinhishand,forhewasnotonetotakeanadvantage.TheTexancarriedhisweaponuphissleeve,butquickashewaswithit,Frankwasasquick,andthetwopistolscrackedprettywellatthesamemoment.Frankgotaballintheshoulder,buttheTexanfelldeadwithabulletinthecentreofhisforehead.Histwomatesdrewinamoment,butFranksrevolvercrackedtwiceasquickasyoucouldcountthem,andtherewerejustthreebodieslyingdeadinaheap.Thenheputuphispistol,andsaidinhisordinaryquietvoice,Idontlikethesethings,butwemusthavepeaceandorder.Willsomeofyoutelltheothersthattheyhadbettergit.Andyoubettheydidgit.LimpingFrankneversaidanotherwordaboutit,butgothisarminasling,andhalfanhourafterwardsIsawhimquietlycookinghismatesdinnerwhiletheywerebothstandingbyblowinghimupforstartingoutwithoutthemtobackhim初夏，带着劳动者的丝丝欣慰，伴着青春浓浓的热情，和这淳淳的舐犊情深，来到了五月，来到了这枝繁叶茂的五月。我从深春的窗前向着初夏的窗外遥看，那一庭庭的果树，一池池的碧清，一条条幽兰的古巷，一垅垅的麦青，一树树的绿叶，一柳柳青青的垂诞，一山山野花的绽放，看得我如痴如醉。这如水的初夏散发着淡淡的清欢，那些浸染的情怀，让我在这风柔心宁的日子里流连忘返，真的好想就这样安逸的度过这明媚清浅的初夏。空灵也许才是这一季的曼妙，轻轻折一枝曼舞的藤花，默默挹一口熏得游人醉的暖风，偷偷咂一下来时路不减的绿荫，就这样时不时来撷取这初夏的容颜，时不时来戏谑这浅夏的味道。五月的天，淡阳初夏，湿暖的光滋养着万物。林下树阴成片，簇簇间点缀着片片粼光。润白的槐花儿，紫粉色的梧桐花儿，还有这艳红似火的石