阅读理解公开课.ppt

,TheSkillsofReadingComprehension（阅读理解）,WelcometoTheReadingKingdom,Skip:readsthjustrelatedtothequestionsandmissothersSkim:readsthquicklyinordertofindaparticularpointorthemainpointScan:lookateverypartofsthcarefully,especiallybecauseyouarelookingforaparticularthing,Readingskills:,Readingsteps:,Readthroughthepassagestocatchthemainidea.(浏览全文掌握大意)2.Readthequestionsandthentrytofindtheinformation.(根据题目寻找答案)3.Takenoteswhenlookingfortheanswers.(做好笔记明确答案）4.Thinkcarefullyaboutsomeuncertainchoices.(仔细斟酌排除选项)5.Checktheanswers.(结合全文核对答案),Fourtypesofquestions,TheTitleQuestion(主旨大意题)_,WordsIntheContext(猜测词义题)_,TheInferenceQuestion(推理判断题)_,1.Whichofthefollowingistrue/NOTtrue?2.Accordingtothepassage,when(why,how,who)3.Thewritermentions(提及)allofthefollowingexcept,1.Fromtheparagraph,wecaninfer(推断）that2.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat,1.Whatsthemainidea/purposeofthepassage?2.Thepassageismainlyabout./Thewriterwantstotellus3.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?,1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrasemean?,A,B,C,D,C,A,B,D,TheFactQuestion(事实细节题)_,ReadingMaster,（阅读达人）,Step3,Step2,Step1,types,tips,howtosearch,Humanfaces,likeclockfaces,arealsochanging.Andlikeclocks,thechangestakeplacetooslowlytobenoticed.Overmanythousandsofyears,though,hugechangesarepossible.Forexample,thehumanbraintripled(三倍)insize.Ourfacesbecameflatter,andwebegantothinkmore.,Thechangesofhumanfacesarehardlynoticedbecause_.A.WeneverthinkaboutthechangesB.ThechangestakeplacetooslowlyC.ThesizeofourbrainbecomessmallD.Wehavenotimetopayattentiontoit,TheFactQuestion(事实细节题),Tip:抓住选项中的关键词,回原文中找到相关句,对比相关句，改写后意思表述一致的选项为正确答案。,AssistantNeededAnassistantisneededinthePizzaHut.He/Shemustbehealthyandshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.TelThisadvertisementtellsusthat_.A.theassistantmustbeaman.B.theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.theassistantmustbegoodatmakingpizza.D.Workexperienceisntnecessary.,B,Tip:定位-抓住选项中的关键词,回原文中找到相关句。,howtoguess,Tip:利用因果关系猜测词义。(关键词:since,as,because,for,so,asaresult,sothat,forthisreason),Wordsinthecontext(猜测词义题),?,(1)Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandoftenprotectyourselffrombeinghurt,soyouareverydefensive.,Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“defensive”?A.易怒的B.攻击性的C.外向的D.有戒心的,(2)Johnlovestotalk,andhissistersaresimilarlyloquacious.,Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.silentB.peacefulC.talkativeD.humorous,Tip:1.利用近义关系猜测词义。(关键词:and,also,similarly,like,justas),(3)Someonelikedmilk,butothersabhorredit.,InEnglish,theunderlinedwordmeans_.,hate,2.利用反义关系猜测词义。(关键词:however,but,ontheotherhand,insteadof,while,unlike,although),(4)Theword“lefty”meansapersonwhouseshisorherlefthandforwriting,eatingandotherjobs.,左撇子,Tip:利用定义、解释猜测词义。(关键词:is,means,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,becalled，referto),（5）Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.Peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects.Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化学家B.污染品C.药品D.化学制品,D,chemistry-化学留下选项A和D根据上下文留下D.,Tip1:根据已经学习的词根、词缀来推出未知词汇的意思。,(6)Imsureyourehopingyourchildrenhaveawinningyearatschool.Inorderforthattohappen,theyhavetosucceedintwoareas,academicallyandsocially(社交上).Inotherwords,yourchildrenneedtomakethegradeandmakefriends.Byusingtheunderlinedword”academically”,thewritermeansachildshould_.A.treattheirfriendskindlyB.knowhowtomakefriendsC.learnfromothersanytimeD.dowellinhisstudiesatschool,D,Tip:通过上下文来确定词义。,遇到生词要冷静,Calmyourselfdownwhilemeetingthenewwords,howtoinfer,TheInferenceQuestion(推理判断题),?,DukeEllingtonisknownasoneofthemostimportantcomposers(作曲家)ofhistime,andhisworkshavebeenenjoyedformorethan80yearsbymusicloversallovertheworld.DuringhislifetimeEllingtonturnedmusicalsoundsintomanycompositions,mostlyinthestyleofJazz.,Wemayinferfromthepassagethat_.Ellingtonsworksdisappearedquickly.Ellingtonlovestravellingaroundtheworld.Ellingtoncouldcomposeallkindsofsongs.Ellingtonhadagreatinfluenceontheworldofmusic.,Tip:根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句,对相关句进行合理推断、概括的选项为正确答案。,IhadtokeepcalmforthemeetingbecauseIneedtomaketheclients(客户)believethatourplanwasthebest.However,IfoundIlefttheplanathomeandIwasgoingtogiveatalkabouttheplantoclients.IalmostgotangrywhenIrealizedthatIhadanothercopy(份)inmyoffice.Atlast,themeetingcametoanendanditturnedouttobesuccessful.,Whatdidtheclientsthinkofthewriterstalk?BoringB.Justso-soC.ExcellentD.Terrible,IwonaprizeforoneofmypaintingswhenIwasfourteen.ThatmaybewhyIwenttoartschoolfouryearslaterWhenleavingschool,Igotsomemoney.Ihopetobecomeafull-timecraftswoman.Fromthesetwoparagraphs,whenfinishingschoolstudies,thewriterwasabout_.14B.16C.18D.21,D,Tip:根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句,对相关句进行合理推断。,howtounderstand,TheTitleQuestion(主旨大意题),?,Nowscientistshavetoldussomegoodnewstofighttravelsickness.Chooseanaisle(过道)seatonaplane,trainandsitinthefrontofacar.Avoidstanding.Alwaysfacethesamewaythatyouretravellingandleaveyourbooksathome.,Theparagraphismainlyabout_?WheretositonaplaneWhentotravelHowtopreventtravelsicknessWhyweshouldntstand,Tip1:在文章的首段或尾段中找到主旨大意。,Sixstrongmentriedtopushandpull(拉拽)thebullout,butthebulldidntmoveatallandevenattacked(攻击)them.Thementhoughtcarefullyanddecidedtofillthebullsmilkbottlewithmilkthenusedittoleadthebullout.Itworkedatlast.Sometimeswemeetwithtroubles.Maybeatfirstyoufinditdifficulttodealwithaproblem.Butthinkingindifferentwaysmayleadyoutothesolution.,Whatdoesthisparagraphwanttotellus?Experienceisthebestteacher.Somethingtried,somethingdone.Itsdangeroustomakeabullangry.Whenausualwaycanthelp,tryanotherway.,NewYork,London,Parisandotherbigcitiesareexcitingplacestolivein.Therearemanyinterestingthingstoseeandtodo.Youcangotodifferentkindsofmuseums,cinemasandtheatres.Youcanalsogoshoppingtobuythingsfromallovertheworld.Butthereareseriousproblemsinbigcitiestoo.Thecostoflivingishigh,andtherearetoomanypeoplemovingtosomebigcities.Andtoomanypeopleinasmallspacemakeithardtokeepthecitiessafeandclean.Sosomepeopleenjoylivinginbigcitiesbutothersdonot.,Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?BigcitiesNewYork,London,andParisExcitingplacestoliveinSeriousproblemsinbigcities,Tip2:主旨大意隐含在全篇中。对每段主题句，进行全面考虑，综合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,ReadingMaster,（阅读达人）,types,tips,Step3,practice,Paul,ascientistattheUniversityofWisconsin,believesthatthesensescanbechangeable.Forexample,earscanbeusedforsmelling.Thebrain,asweknow,isacomplexorgan(复杂器官).Evenwhenpartofitishurt,itwilltrytocarryoutthesamefunction(功能)bysendingthefunctiontoanotherareaofthebrain.,Whatcouldbethebesttitlefortheparagraph?SensesareimportantAninterestingexperimentFamousscientistSensesarechangeable,Forexample,agreenhornissomeonewhohasnoexperience,whoisnewtoasituation.Inthefifteenthcentury,agreenhornwasayoungcoworoxwhosehornshadnotdeveloped.Acenturylater,agreenhornwasasoldierwhohadnotyethadanyexperienceinbattle.Bytheeighteenthcentury,agreenhornhadthemeaningithastoday-apersonwhoisnewinthejob.,Fromtheparagraph,wecaninferthat_AgreenhornreferstoahornofayoungcoworfoxAwordhasdifferentmeaningsinthesamecenturyThelanguagedevelopswithtimegoingbyAgreenhornmeansasoldierwhohasnthadanyexperienceinbattletoday,Sociablepeople,thosewholiketobewithothers,likered.,A.城市的B.社会学的C.爱运动的D.好交际的,Sheaskedthehairdressertotrimherhairasitwastoolong.,InChinese,theunderlinedwordmeans_.,修剪,直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。,阅读理解的解题方法,捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。,2、找准关键词、句，并划线,1、以题目为中心,3、跳出文章看大意,4、以作者的思想为基准,5、多反问、假设（尤其是主旨题）,解题注意点：,basiclanguageknowledge,importantEnglishgrammar,thewesternculture,readingskills,ReadingMaster,Romewasntbuiltinaday.workharderandpracticemore，yourhardworkwillberewarded!,Haveatry!,Homework,1.Learnmorereadingstrategiesbyyourselvesafterschool.,2.Readmorearticlesinthenewspapersormagazinesandpracticeasmuchaspossible.,Thankyou!,阅读理解题目的设置方式：,1.He/sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza.Moreimportantly,he/sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant.Theadtellsusthat_A.Theassistantmustbeaman.B.Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant.C.PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverChina.,1查找事实、细节型,B,2.Inthepast,therewereforestsallaroundLakePonkapog,sorainwaterwasclean.Inthepast,LakePonkapogwassurrounded(环绕)by_.A.fishB.rainC.birdsD.forests,D,2.逻辑推理型1）根据常识判断,Onedayweinvitedsomefriendstodinner.Whenitwasaboutsixoclock,mywifefoundthatwehadlittlebread.Sosheaskedourfive-year-olddaughter,Kathy,tobuysome.Oneday,Kathysparentsinvitedsomefriendsto_.A.havebreakfastB.havelunchC.havesupperD.haveaparty.,C,阅读理解题目的设置方式：,2)根据计算判断,Ifeveryonesetstheirairconditioning空调at26,Beijingwillsave400millionkilowatt-hours千瓦时ofelectricityinonesummer.Thatsone-thirdofalltheusageofthecityintheseason,”saidaTVadvertisement.Beijingwilluse_millionkilowatt-hourselectricityinonesummer.A.1200B.800C.400,阅读理解题目的设置方式：,A,常用提问方式：Accordingto(根据)thepassage,weknowthat_Thetitle(标题)ofthepassagecanbe_.Thewritertellsus_.Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_Themainideaofthispassageis_.Whatisthispassageabout?,阅读理解题目的设置方式：,3.归纳中心句,主题句在文章开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。,1.在开头,中心句常在文章中出现的位置,Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music”comesfromtheGreekword“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethespokenlanguage,butisusessounds.Todaysprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.Whoinventedmusic？Whosangthefirstsong？Nooneknowsexactlytheanswerstothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryoneslife.,_,文章开头就说明今天的节目是关于音乐的，其后的句子都是围绕介绍音乐的。,Intheseatherearemanyislands.Initswatertherearesomelittleones.Wecallthem“CoralIslands(珊瑚岛)”.CoralIslandsbegantobuildunderthewateryearafteryear.Thecoralgrewhigherandhigher.Atlastitgrewoutofthewater.Thentheseabroughttoitsmalltreesandsomethingelse.Aftersomeyears,thesethingschangedintoearth.Sometimesbirdsflewoveritandbroughtseeds(种子)。Thelittleseedsgrew.Inafewyearstherewereplantsallovertheisland.Soyousee,theseislandswerebuiltlittlebylittle.Canyouthinkwhatthelessonis?Smallworkerscandowonderfulthingsiftheyworkhardandworkalongtime.,主题句常在文章中出现的位置,2.在结尾,3.在中间,通常是文章的开头提出问题，陈述细节，导出主题句，然后再进一步用细节说明支持主题句。如：,中心句常在文章中出现的位置,Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.,_,_,有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题.这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。,典型例题分析:根据短语意思，选择最佳选项MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven.Throughtheholeintheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,saidMrBrown.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore.Now,wecanonlyseethesmoke.ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground-fire.Infact,thereare260coal（煤）firesintheworld.Theyareharmfulanddangerous.Thenhowtoputthemout?Scientistshavetriedtosetfiretoundergroundcoaltospeedupthefires.Inthisway,theburningofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished.,Whatisthebesttitle（标题）forthearticle?A.WatchingtheUnderground-Fire.B.AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires.C.TheBurningEarth.D.CoalandCoalFires.,B,分析完成这道题需作一定的归纳，因为文章中没有给出直接的回答。文章从MrBrown两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为B。,4.词句含义理解型题目,Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake.peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens.Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects(昆虫).Therearealsomanybusinessmen.Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops.“Chemical”inthestorymeans_.A.化学家B.污染品C.化妆品D.化学制品,D,阅读理解题目的设置方式：,遇到生词要冷静,Calmyourselfdownwhilemeetingthenewwords,A.利用构词法进行猜测,根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词。如，care(小心)careful(小心的)carefully(小心地);write(写)rewrite(改写)。,un-;d