Beijing-National-StadiumPPT课件

.,1,BeijingNationalStadium,刘锦瑞,.,2,BeijingNationalStadium,officiallytheNationalStadium,alsoknownastheBirdsNest,isastadiuminBeijing,China.Thestadiumwasdesignedforusethroughoutthe2008SummerOlympicsandParalympics.,.,3,History,LocatedattheOlympicGreen,thestadiumcostUS$428million.ThedesignwasawardedtoasubmissionfromtheSwissarchitecturefirmHerzoggivingthestadiumtheappearanceofabirdsnest.LeadingChineseartistAiWeiweiwastheartisticconsultantontheproject.Theretractableroofwaslaterremovedfromthedesignafterinspiringthestadiumsmostrecognizableaspect.Groundwasbrokenon24December2003andthestadiumofficiallyopenedon28June2008.,.,4,Design,BeijingNationalStadium(BNS)wasajointventureamongarchitectsJacquesHerzogandPierredeMeuron,projectarchitectStefanMarbach,artistAiWeiwei,andCADGwhichwasledbychiefarchitectLiXinggang.Duringtheirfirstmeetingin2003,atBasel,thegroupdecidedtodosomethingunlikeHerzoganddeMeuronhadtraditionallydesigned.Chinawantedtohavesomethingnewforthisveryimportantstadium,Listated.Inanefforttodesignastadiumthatwasporouswhilealsobeingacollectivebuilding,apublicvessel,theteamstudiedChineseceramics.Thislineofthoughtbroughttheteamtothenestscheme.Thestadiumconsistsoftwoindependentstructures,standing50feetapart:aredconcreteseatingbowlandtheoutersteelframearoundit.,.,5,Featuresandevents,TheeasternandwesternstandsofBeijingNationalStadiumarehigherthannorthernandsouthernstands,inordertoimprovesightlines.A24-hour-per-dayrainwatercollectorislocatednearthestadium;afterwaterispurified,itisusedthroughoutandaroundthestadium.Pipesplacedundertheplayingsurfacegatherheatinthewintertowarmthestadiumandcoldnessinthesummertocoolthestadium.Thestadiumsdesignoriginallycalledforacapacityof100,000people;however9,000wereremovedduringasimplificationofthedesign.Thenewtotalof91,000wouldbeshavedfurtherwhen11,000temporaryseatswereremovedafterthe2008Olympics;bringingthestadiumscapacityto80,000.Thefarthestseatis460feet(140meters)fromcenterfield.Temperatureandairflowofeverysurfacewereoptimizedtoincreaseventilation.,.,6,Featuresandevents,BeijingNationalStadiumhostedtheOpeningandClosingCeremonies,athleticevents,andfootballfinalofthe2008SummerOlympicsfrom8to24August2008.ThestadiumalsohostedtheOpeningandClosingceremoniesandathleticeventsofthe2008SummerParalympicsfrom6to17September2008.Thoughdesignedfortrackhow