（学生版）英语影视欣赏

EnglishMovieAppreciation,Filmstudy,Filmstudy,HistoryoffilmsFilmgenresCharacterandperformanceNarrativeStyleCriticalperspectives,HistoryofMovie:Thebirthoffilm,Thefirstfilmstudio:BlackMaria(1893)Exhibitedmoviescommerciallyforthefirsttime:KinetoscopeParlor(1894)Thefirstcinema:builtinParis,Dec.28th1895Featuresoffilms:non-fictional,unedited,short,crudedocumentaryviewsofordinaryslicesoflife.,HistoryofMovie:classicalHollywoodCinema,1920sSilentfilmswerethepredominantproductofthefilmindustry.Thefirst“talkie”:TheJazzSinger(1927)Sincethensoundmoviesplayedanimportantpartinthefieldofmovie.Severalfilmcompanieswell-knowntodaywerebuiltthattime.,HistoryofMovie:classicalHollywoodCinema,1930s:ThegoldenageofHollywood:Colorrevolutionsandthefurtherdevelopmentoffilmgenres1940s:Thewarandpostwaryears1950s:Thecoldwarandpost-classicalera,HistoryofMovie:post-classicalHollywood,1960s:Majorchangesanderaofindependent1970s:theAmerican“NewWave”andtheadventoftheBlockbusterFilm1980s:moreBlockbustersFrom1990sonwards:theriseofcomputer-generatedfilms,FilmGenres,Definition:,FilmGenresarevariousformsoridentifiabletypesoffilmsthathavesimilarorinstantly-recognizablepatterns,filmictechniquesorconventions.,CategoriesofGenre,Itisraretofindafilmthatbelongsexclusivelytoonegenre;thatistosay,almostnofilmwillpossessallofthecharacteristicsofasinglegenreandnoneofthecharacteristicsofanyother.,FunctionsofGenres,Toensureandincreaseprofitability:“pre-sell”thefilmBasicimaginativeformsandstructuresthathelppeopletointerpretthemeaningandunderstandthesignificanceofourlives,andprovideimaginaryresolutionstoparticularconflicts.,Charactersandperformance,Charactersandperformance,Characterizationandperformancearetwooftheessentialaspectsofanycinematicwork.withoutcharacterstherecanbenonarrative,andwithoutperformancecharacterscannotbepresentedtotheaudience.CharacterfunctionsMotivation,conflict,andcharactergrowthCinematicperformance,Characterfunctions,Charactersinfilmscanbedividedintothreebasic“functions”:Maincharacter:mostimportantcharacterinthefilm.Secondarycharacters:thosewhointeractwiththeprotagonistandhavesignificantimpactonthedevelopmentofthenarrative,including,oppositioncharacter,mirrorcharacter,andromancecharacterMinorcharacters,Motivation,conflictandcharactergrowth,Characterdevelopmentoccursgraduallyovertheentirefilm.Itoccursbecausethecharactershasadefinitemotivationorgoal,butmeetswithdefiniteconflictintherealizationofthatgoal.Whenacharactermeetswithconflict,heorsheisforcedtoreconsiderhisorhermotivationandtheresultischaractergrowth.,Motivation,conflictandcharactergrowth,Twokindsofmotivations:innerthatis,theplotlimitsustoexternalbehaviorofitscharacters.Attimes,weseethingsfromthecharacterspointofview.Thismentalsubjectivityiswhenweseeimagesfromthecharactersmind:dreams,fantasies,memories(intheformofflashbacks).Thissubjectivityincreasesaviewersidentificationwiththecharacter,andmayrevealacharactersmotives.,Style,Stylereferstothemannerinwhichthecontentsofthefilmarepresentedtotheaudience.Cinematicshotandtheeditingprocessaretwomainfactorsoffilmstyle.,Shots,Composition(构图),Thegoldensection/goldenmeanFrontality(中分律):charactersarepositionedaccordingtotherelationofthecameraofteninsemi-circlesorlinesfacingthecamera.TheT-Zone:objectsofattentionwillbeplacedwithintheT-shapedareaofthescreen.,Compositiongoldenmean,Angles,HighangleLowangleStraightonCantedangle,Focus,Close-upExtremeclose-upMediumShotLongshotExtremelongshot,Colour,Black:elegance,sophistication,evil,darkness,mourningWhite:purity,snow,cold,angelsRed:passion,aggression,fire,blood,strengthBlue:water,life,depressionYellow:cheerfulness,optimism,confidence,Cameramovement,Framing:whatelementssurroundtheactorBlocking:howtheactorispositionedfortheshotTracking:followinganactorPanning:cameramovementhorizontallyBooming:cameramovementupordown,Scenes,SettingTime,place,location,mood,andtimespan.Anarrangementordisplayofscenery,backgroundorlandscape.FramingTo“frame”anactionandtofillitwithaddedsignificance.Costumesfrequentlyitwillbearecurringsymbol.,Editing,Filmeditingispartofthecreativeprocessoffilmmaking.Itinvolvestheselectionandcombiningofshotsintosequences,andultimatelycreatingafinishedmotionpicture.ItisanartofstorytellingContinuityeditingMontage,Continuityediting,Continuityeditingiseditingthatcreatesactionthatflowssmoothlyacrossshotsandsceneswithoutjarringvisualinconsistencies.Establishesasenseofstoryfortheviewer.Forinstance,ifinoneshotabeerglassisempty,itshouldnotbefullinthenextshot.,Montage,Amontagesequenceconsistsofaseriesofshortshotsthatareeditedintoasequencetocondensenarrative.Itisusuallyusedtoadvancethestoryasawhole(oftentosuggestthepassageoftime),ratherthantocreatesymbolicmeaning.,Sequenceoffilm,Shot:alltheactionfilmedinonetakewithoutdisruptionCut:theconclusionofashotTake:anattempttoshootasceneinitsentirety,Criticalperspectives,Thetraditionalwayofapproachingcontentisthroughanalysisof“theme”Thethemeofafilmisitsmainpoint;itiswhatthescriptwriteranddirectorw