新视野大学英语第三版第四册第八单元Section A课件ppt.pptx

FOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY,Passionguideslifechoices,8,UNIT,SectionA,4,Ameaningfullife,Objectives,Passionguideslifechoices,SectionA,Ameaningfullife,SectionA,Thefollowingquestionsaredesignedtohelpyougettoknowyourlifeattitude.Foreachquestion,pleasechooseoneitemthatbestfitsyourviewstowardlife.Thencompareyouranswerstosomeotherstudentsanddiscusshowtheyaresimilarordifferent.,1.Themostimportantthinginlifeis_.AhealthBmoneyCfamilyDsuccessENoneoftheabove.Itshouldbe_.,Survey,Tips,2.In5-10years,Idliketoseemyselfas_.AarichpersonBahappypersonCahealthypersonDasuccessfulcareerpersonENoneoftheabove.Idliketobea(n)_.,3.OnanidealSaturdaynight,Immorelikelyto_.AplaycardsBstudyhardCstaywithmyboyfriendorgirlfriendDhavefunonthecomputerENoneoftheabove.Iwouldliketo_.,Survey,Tips,4.Whileatschool,Ispendmosttime_.AdatingBstudyingCdoingapart-timejobDhangingoutwithfriendsENoneoftheabove.Ispendmosttime_.,5.Myultimategoalinlifeis_.AtohaveahappyfamilyBtobecomearichpersonCtobesuccessfulinmycareerDtotravelaroundtheworldENoneoftheabove.Mygoalis_.,Survey,Tips,Q1.Doyouthinkitisimportantforapersontoplanhisfutureasearlyaspossible?Whyorwhynot?,Yes,itisimportantforonetoplanhisfutureearly.Earlyplanningmakesitpossibleforapersontoworktowardhislifegoalsandachievesuccessmoreefficiently.Inthisway,hecanavoidwasteoftimeandenergyonthingsthatwillcontributelittletotherealizationofhislifegoals.,Tips,Tobecontinued,Q1.Doyouthinkitisimportantforapersontoplanhisfutureasearlyaspossible?Whyorwhynot?,No,itisunnecessaryforonetoplanhisfutureearly.Weallknowfromexperiencethatanyplanislikelytochange,nomatterhowcarefullymadeitmayhavebeen.Nobodycanforeseethefuture,andhenceitisamerewishfulthoughtthatearlyplanningwillendinsuccess.Ithinkabetterthingforonetodoistomakethebestplanbasedonthesituationheisfacedwithatthemoment,ratherthandrawunrealisticplansbeforeheevenhasanyideaaboutwhatwillhappeninthefuture.,Q2.Whatkindofcareerwouldyouliketopursueinthefuture?,Idliketobeainthefuture.Iamstudyingformybachelorsdegreeinrightnow,andIkeepmyselfupdatedaboutthelatestdevelopmentsinthefield.Iamparticularlyinterestedinhowadvancesincanhelphumanbeingssolveproblems.IbelievethisisameaningfulcareertopursuebecauseIcancontributetothewelfareofthehumanrace.,Q3.Fromyourperspective,whatfactorsareessentialforameaningfullife?,Beingabletopursueonesdreamfreely.Meetingchallengesbravelyeveniftheeffortsendinfailure.Havingahappyfamily.Doingsomethingthatmakestheworldbetter.,Tips,Tips,VideoWatching,WatchlaidsiegetoRevlonovertheiruseofrabbitstotestcosmeticsforpotentialeyedamage;exertedenoughpressuretopersuadethemtosearchforalternatives;othermajorcosmeticscorporationssoonfollowedsuit.,Tips,Accordingtotheauthor,Henrysachievementsinanimalrightsprotectioninclude:(Paras.3-4),WhatapproachesormethodsdidHenryusetoachievesuccessinhiscampaignsforanimalrights?(Para.5),Tips,Helearnedhowto:buildpublicawarenesscampaigns;shapemalpracticelawsuitstosuelargecompanies,buildcommittedgroupsofsupporters.,HowdidHenrymakeadifferenceinthefaceofabigandbureaucraticsociety?(Paras.6-7),preventingsufferingofinnocent,helplessanimals,standon,thesidelines,getrevengefor,appealedtothepublic,HowdidHenryreactwhenhewasdianosedwithcancerandpredictedtodieinafewmonths?(Paras.11-12),Tips,Hedidntshowanysignofdepression,andherefusedtohearsympathyandcondolences.Forthenexttwoyearshekeptworking,helpingdevelopthematerialtheauthorneededforhisbook.,PartIIParas._-_,PartIIisthebodyoftheessay.TheauthordescribeshisacquaintancewithHenryandHenrysachievementsintheanimalrightsmovement.InParas.2-7,theauthorgivesabriefaccountofHenrys_andmakesa_onit.InParas.8-12,theauthordescribeshismeetingwithHenryafterHenrywas_anddepictsHenrys_inthefaceofdeath.,campaignsandachievements,comment,2,12,diagnosedwithcancer,calmness,WhatdidHenryfindmeaningfulinthewayheledhislife?(Para.13),Tips,Hecouldbesatisfiedwithhisachievementswhenlookingbackatlife,andtobeabletoacceptdeathcalmly.,PartIII(Para.13),PartIIIservesasaconclusion.Henry_becausehewas_withwhathehaddonealthoughhedidnotenjoymuchmaterialwealthandcomfort.,ledameaningfullife,satisfied,Thetextisa_whichtellsthestoryofHenrySpira,_,whodedicatedhislifeto_.Hemadegreatachievementsandrevealedthepossibilityofanindividualmakingadifferenceinthebigandbureaucraticsociety.Afterhewasdiagnosedwithcancer,hedidntshow_andkeptworking.Heledameaningfullifethoughhewasntmateriallywealthy.,MainIdeaoftheText,narrative,ananimalrightsadvocate/activist,protectinginnnocentandhelplessanimals,anysignofdepression,Introduction,Henryslifestorytellsushowanindividualcanmakeadifferenceintheworldalthoughhisdeathdidntdrawmuchattentionfromthepublic.(Para.1),Mainbody,Introduction,Henryledameaningfullifebecausehewassatisfiedwithwhathehaddonealthoughhedidnotenjoymuchmaterialwealthandcomfort.(Para.13),Mainbody,Introduction,Mainbody,Introduction,Conclusion,Henryledameaningfullifebecausehewassatisfiedwithwhathehaddonealthoughhedidnotenjoymuchmaterialwealthandcomfort.(Para.13),InSeptember1998,HenrySpira_unnoticed.Yethislifetellsussomethingimportant,notonlyaboutthemodernanimalmovement,butalsothepossibilityofanindividual_inthemodernworld.,Tobecontinued,passedaway,makingadifference,Theauthorgot_Henryataseminar.ThentheauthorgottoknowHenrysmajorachievementsinanimalrights_.Throughdecadesofworkonthesideofweakand_,Henryinfluencedtheanimalrightsmovementandbroughtchangestosociety.,Tobecontinued,oppressed,acquaintedwith,protection,TheauthorwenttovisitHenrywhenhewas_cancer.Hewasmovedbyhis_attitudetowardlifeanddeath.Henryleda_lifebecausehewassatisfiedwithwhathehaddonealthoughhedidnotenjoymuchmaterialwealthandcomfort.,fightingagainst,positive,meaningful,展示；公告,putout,短语逆译,(statement/rumour),Thegovernmenthasputoutastatementdenyingtheserumours.,短语应用,政府发表了一项声明，否认了这些谣言。,意群提示,提醒（某人）注意,(printandbroadcastads/drinkdriving/speeding),Theorganizationunveiledaseriesofprintandbroadcastads,hopingtoalerttheyoungpeopletothedangersofdrinkdrivingandspeeding.,alertsb.tosth.,短语应用,该组织公布了一系列平面广告和广播广告，希望提醒人们注意酒后驾驶和超速的危险。,意群提示,短语逆译,向展开攻势；围攻,laysiegetosth./sb.,(havesth.stopped/persuadesb.to/voteagainst),Theonlywaytohavethenewlawstoppedistolaysiegetoallmembersofthecommitteeandpersuadethemtovoteagainstit.,短语应用,阻止新法规实施的唯一办法就是向委员会的所有成员展开攻势说服其投反对票。,意群提示,短语逆译,仿效,followsuit,(thesmokingban/sparkadebate),Thesmokingbanhassparkedadebateastotheotherprovincesshouldfollowsuit.,短语应用,禁烟令引发了关于其他省份是否也要仿效的争议。,意群提示,短语逆译,袖手旁观；置身事外,stand/stay/remainonthesidelines,(defer/purchase),Forthelasttwoyears,consumershavebeenstandingonthesidelinesanddeferringpurchasesofautomobiles.,短语应用,过去两年里，消费者一直处于观望的状态，推迟了他们的购车计划。,意群提示,短语逆译,因为报复（某人）,(swear/dowrongtosb.),Shesworetogetrevengeforthewrongshehaddonetoher.,getrevenge(onsb.)forsth.,短语应用,她发誓要报复他曾经对她做的那些坏事。,意群提示,短语逆译,呼吁某人做某事,(internationalcommunity/alastingsolution),Heappealedtotheinternationalcommunitytocontinuetoworkforalastingsolutionthroughdialogue.,短语应用,他呼吁国际社会继续努力，通过对话找到一个持久的解决方案。,意群提示,appealtosb.todosth.,短语逆译,经过几十年为弱势及受压迫群体所做的抗争，亨利变得非常善于策划各种活动。,原句译文,逆译练习,Fromdecadesspentworkingonthesideoftheweakandoppressed,Henrybecameefficientatmastermindingcampaigns.（Line1,Para.5）,句型提炼,Fromdecades/years/monthsspentdoingsth,sb.becamegood/efficient/skilled/skillful/adeptat,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“长期做某事对某人的影响”。,句型应用,(collaboratewith),典型例句,数年的外企工作经历使她变得善于与来自不同文化背景的人合作。,意群提示,Fromyearsspentworkinginaforeigncompany,shebecameskillfulatcollaboratingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.,在我开始动笔的时候，我从来没想到亨利能看到完整的初稿，但是他一直活到亲眼看到书在纽约的书店出售。,原句译文,逆译练习,WhenIbeganwriting,IneverthoughtHenrywouldseeacompleteddraft,buthelivedtoseethebookonsaleinaNewYorkbookstore.（Line3,Para.12）,句型提炼,Whensb.begantodosth.,sb.neverthought,but,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“事情的发展超出某人最初的预料”。,句型应用,(makeahit/stir/bestseller),典型例句,当我着手写这部小说时，我从没想到它能引起轰动，但是它竟然成为年度最畅销书之一。,意群提示,WhenIbegantowritethenovel,Ineverthoughtitwouldmakeahit,butitturnedouttobeoneofthebestsellersoftheyear.,一个人活得好的一个根本标志就是，在他回首自己人生的时候，他对自己的成就感到满意，而且能够冷静地接受死亡、面对永恒。,原句译文,逆译练习,Oneessentialmarkoflivingwellistobesatisfiedwithonesaccomplishmentswhentakingaretrospectivelookatlife,andtobeabletoacceptdeathandfaceinfinitycalmly.(Line1,Para.13),句型提炼,Oneessentialmarkofis,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“的一个根本标志是”。,句型应用,(differentiatebetween/rational/emotionalimpulse),典型例句,一个人走向成熟的一个根本标志是，他能够区分理智决定和情感冲动之间的不同。,意群提示,Oneessentialmarkofapersongrowingmatureistobeabletodifferentiatebetweenrationaldecisionmakingandemotionalimpulse.,Yes,Ithinkthattheanimalrightsmovementisnecessary.Myreasonsare:Itcanarousehumanbeingsawarenessofanimalssuffering;Animals,likehumanbeings,shouldalsoberespectedandtreatedwithfriendliness.,1.Doyouthinktheanimalrightsmovementisnecessary?Whyorwhynot?,tobecontinued,Tips,No.Thisisbecause:Itignoresthehumanneedtoprovidefood,e.g.meatandmilk,foranincreasingworldpopulation;Itignoresthenecessityofinventingnewdrugsandtreatmentstoimprovehumanhealth.,1.Doyouthinktheanimalrightsmovementisnecessary?Whyorwhynot?,2.Whatdoyouthinkareessentialtoagoodlife?,Agoodcareer;Ahappyfamily;Health;Freedom:tohavethefreedomtopursuewhatIamreallyinterestedinwithnoneedtoworryaboutmoneyandotherpeoplesopinions.,Tips,(Example1)IoncewatchedadocumentaryonTVaboutamanwhogaveupagoodjobinabigcityandwenttoteachinamountainousregionofChina.Ithinkwhathedidisworthwhile.Thoughitseemsthathemaynotearnmuchmoney,hecanusehisknowledgeandexperiencetochangemanychildrenslives.,3.Doyouknowofanyonewhohasdonemeaningfuldeedsatthecostoftheirowncomfortorinterests?Doyouthinkitisworthwhiletodoso?Whyorwhynot?,tobecontinued,Tips,(Example2)IoncewatchedaTVreportaboutamanwhogaveupadecentjobinabigcityandwenttoteachinamountainousregionofChina.Ipersonallydontthinkitisworthwhileforhimtodosobecauseoftworeasons.First,Ithinkheprobablycangivegreaterhelptothestudentsinmountainousregionsifheearnsahighsalaryinabigcityanddonatessomemoneytoschoolsinthoseareas.Inthisway,hiseffortscanbenefitmorestudents.,tobecontinued,3.Doyouknowofanyonewhohasdonemeaningfuldeedsatthecostoftheirowncomfortorinterests?Doyouthinkitisworthwhiletodoso?Whyorwhynot?,Tips,Second,heshouldfulfillhisownfamilyresponsibilities,forexample,takingcareofhisparents,beforehepursueshisownpassion.Ifhelivesfarawayfromhomeandearnsonlyalittleamountofmoneybyteachinginaremotepoorregion,itwillbehardforhimtocareforhisparents,eitherphysicallyorfinancially.,3.Doyouknowofanyonewhohasdonemeaningfuldeedsatthecostoftheirowncomfortorinterests?Doyouthinkitisworthwhiletodoso?Whyorwhynot?,Tips,VideoWatching,HowdoesNickVujicicsattitudetowardslifeinspireyou?,Bornwithnoarmsandnolegs,NickVujicicisalwaysindependentandpositive.Heovercomesthenumerouschallengesinlifeandlivesalifeworthwhile.Withhisperserveranceandbravery,hetransformsfromapersonwithoutlimbstoapersonwithoutlimitationsandspreadshisoptimismandstrengthtotheworld.Iwouldfollowhisexample,remainpositive,optimistic,persistent,courageous,diligent,andaboveall,nevergiveupwhateverthesituationis.,Tips,AccordingtoAlbertEinstein,“OnlyalifelivedforothersIsalifeworthwhile.”InChina,LeiFengsaid,“自己活着，就是为了使别人过得更美好。”Doyouagree?Andhowareyougoingtoliveamoremeaningfullife?,Pursuemypassion;Livewithcompassionandlove;Findawaytogiveback;Bereadyforhelp;Reviewmyactionseachdaytolivemylifeaccordingtomyprinciples.,Tips,Ameaningfullife,SectionA,HowtowriteapersonalnarrativeApersonalnarrativetellsatruestoryaboutsomethingthathappenedto,witnessedby,orsomehowknownbytheauthor.Itcanbeaspecialmemory,anunforgettableexperience,aremarkableachievement,orasignificantchangeinlife.Itallowstheauthortosharehislifewithothersandexperiencethethingsthathappenaroundhim.Thestorytypicallyusesthefirstpersonperspectiveandaimstoillustrateacertainpointorinsight.,tobecontinued,HowtowriteapersonalnarrativeLikeothertypesofnarratives,apersonalnarrativecontainsthebasicelementsofstorytelling:plot,characters,setting,andevents.Itprovidessensorydetailstogetthereaderengagedinthestory.Forinstance,whendescribinganobject,itmayshowhowitlooks,feels,sounds,smells,ortastes,soastocreateavividpictureinthereadersmind.,tobecontinued,HowtowriteapersonalnarrativeWell-writtenpersonalnarrativesoftenincorporatefactsandopinions.Presentedwithvividdescriptivedetails,factshelpthereaderunderstandthedevelopmentofthestory.Generallyspeaking,factsrefertothefollowing:thingsknownforcertaintohavehappened;thingsknownforcertaintobetrue;thingsknownforcertaintoexist.,tobecontinued,HowtowriteapersonalnarrativeOntheotherhand,opinionsarethoughts,feelingsandreactionsofthenarrator.Theyaresubjective,whichmeansthattheycanvaryaccordingtoindividualperspectives,emotions,orunderstandings.Opinionscanbe:thingsbelievedtohavehappened;thingsbelievedtobetrue;thingsbelievedtoexist.,tobecontinued,HowtowriteapersonalnarrativeBothfactsandopinionsareneedediftheauthorwantstotellthestoryeffectively.Factsserveasevidencethatdemonstratesthelessonlearnedorthesignificanceoftheevent.Opinionsbackupthefactsandinfluencethereader.Thespecificmethodsofarrangingfactsandopinionsmayvary.,tobecontinued,Now,examinefactsandopinionsinTextA,specificallyParagraph7andParagraph11.,tobecontinued,Henryslifewasdedicatedtothecauseofpreventingsufferingofinnocent,helplessanimals,especiallythoseusedinresearch.Hedidntstandonthesidelinesortrytogetrevengeforthesufferingheobserved.Henrywaspractical.Heacted.Heappealedtothepublicandcreatedpublicitykitstohelpcommonpeoplebecomeactivists.(Para.7),tobecontinued,Henryslifewasdedicatedtothecauseofpreventingsufferingofinnocent,helplessanimals,especiallythoseusedinresearch.Hedidntstandonthesidelinesortrytogetrevengeforthesufferingheobserved.Henrywaspractical.Heacted.Heappealedtothepublicandcreatedpublicitykitstohelpcommonpeoplebecomeactivists.(Para.7),opinions,tobecontinued,Henryslifewasdedicatedtothecauseofpreventingsufferingofinnocent,helplessanimals,especiallythoseusedinresearch.Hedidntstandonthesidelinesortrytogetrevengeforthesufferingheobserved.Henrywaspractical.Heacted.Heappealedtothepublicandcreatedpublicitykitstohelpcommonpeoplebecomeactivists.(Para.7),Facts,tobecontinued,ThemostremarkablethingaboutHenry,though,wasthetotalabsenceofanysignofdepression.Lifehadbeengood,hesaid,refusingtohearmysympathyandcondolences.Hesaidheddonewhathewantedtodoandenjoyeditalot.Whyshouldhebedepressed?(Para.11),tobecontinued,ThemostremarkablethingaboutHenry,though,wasthetotalabsenceofanysignofdepression.Lifehadbeengood,hesaid,refusingtohearmysympathyandcondolences.Hesaidheddonewhathewantedtodoandenjoyeditalot.Whyshouldhebedepressed?(Para.11),opinions,tobecontinued,ThemostremarkablethingaboutHenry,though,wasthetotalabsenceofanysignofdepression.Lifehadbeengood,hesaid,refusingtohearmysympathyandcondolences.Hesaidheddonewhathewantedtodoandenjoyeditalot.Whyshouldhebedepressed?(Para.11),Facts,HowtowriteapersonalnarrativeThetwoparagraphsgivenabovecontainbothfactsandopinions.Theauthorstateshisviewsfirst,andthensupportsthemwithfactualdescriptions.Inthisway,thesignificanceofthecharactersworkandhisadmirablecalmnessinthefaceofdeatharepresentedvividlyandconvincingly.,Readthesampleessayandseehowtowriteapersonalnarrative.,Topic:GivingtoothersIntroduction:BackgroundThesisstatement:ProbablybecauseIhavebeenblessedtoknowmanygenerouspeopleinmylife,Ihavealwaysbelievedingivingtoothers.,tobecontinued,Body:Instancesofselflessgivingandtheirinfluencesonme.Mydonationstovariouscharities.Conclusion:Restatetheimportanceofgivingtoothers.Endwithacalltoaction.,tobecontinued,Sample:(Para.1)Helpingothersthroughcharitabledonationsisavirtuecherishedinoursociety.ProbablybecauseIhavebeenblessedtoknowmanygenerouspeopleinmylife,Ihavealwaysbelievedingivingtoothers.Inthecourseofmygrowingup,Isawmanyinstancesofselflessgiving.Inchildhood,Isawmyparentsdonatetothefoodbankanddovolunteerworkatthehospitalandnursinghome.WhenIwas15,afriendofmineorganizedablooddriveinhiscommunitytohelpan80-year-oldladytogetlife-savingsurgery.,tobecontinued,Sample:(Para.2)Undertheinfluenceofthesepeoplearoundme,IbegantolookforwaystogivetootherswhenIreachedadulthood,married,andstartedmyownfamily.Ifoundthebestwaytodosowastodonateasmallportionofmymonthlywagetowardselectedcharities.Idontalwaysgivetothesamecharityeveryyear,butIdogivetooneormorecharitiesannually.,tobecontinued,Sample:WhenthehurricanesdevastatedFloridaandNewOrleansafewyearsago,IgavetotheAmericanRedCross.Whenafriendofminediedfromlungcancer,IgavetotheAmericanCancerSociety.Whenmyfather-in-lawdiedfromheartfailure,theAmericanHeartAssociationreceivedmydonation.,tobecontinued,Sample:(Para.3)Givingisapersonalthing,andIknowtherearejustasmanyreasonsforpeoplenottogiveastherearereasonstogive.Butgivingtocharitiesismywayof“payingitforward”.Ihopebysharingthesethoughts,otherswillbetterunderstandhowmuchtheirgenerositymeanstoawholehostofcharities.Wecantsupporteverycharitybyourselves,buttogetherwedomakeadifference!,tobecontinued,Writingpractice,Directions:Writeapersonalnarrativeofnolessthan200wordsononeofthefollowingtopics.Besuretogivebothfactsandopinions.Onetopichasanoutlinethatyoucanfollow.,Topic:Nevercheatinexams.Introduction:Introducethebackgroundandstatethethesisofyourstory.Body:Describewhathappenedindetail.Includefacts(e.g.time,location,andpeopleinvolved)aswellasyourthoughts,opinions,orcomments.Conclusion:Concludeyouressaywithafinalthought,oralessonlearnedfromtheincident.,Moretopics:ThemostimportantthinginmylifeLearntocareforothers,Youmayadoptthefollowingexpressions.,makeadifferencefeelintriguedwithalertsb.tosth.exertpressureonsb.followsuitdedicatetoappealtosb.takearetrospectivelookatOneessentialmarkofistoFromdecades/years/mont