中考英语语法专项复习动词的时态和语态

初三英语语法复习动词的时态语态一、掌握下列八种时态的结构及用法：（主要看时间或根据上下文确定时态。） （1）When did the accident happen? It (发生)two minutes ago. （2）When the teacher came in, the students (讨论)the problem. （3）People never knew that population (be)a big problem in a hundred years. （4）He told us he (read)the novel twice. The match (结束)for half an hour when he got to the playground. （5）Listen! How beautiful the Peking Opera (听起来). （6）Please tell me who you (等待)for. （7）Who (参观)the Summer Palace before? None. Wheres your father? He (去)to his office. Mr Black (去)in South Africa for two months.（8）Were sure our country (变得)stronger and stronger.分析：1、例(1)(4)都用相应的过去时态：一般过去时态、过去进行时态、过去将来时态和过去完成时态，其中：（1）过去进行时态表示动作在过去某个时间正在进行；（2）过去将来时态仅用于主句是过去时态的宾语从句中，又如：We asked the teacher (下周是否开运动会)。（3）过去完成时态表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，它经常要和过去的时间或者动作进行对比。 We (learn) more than 2,000 English words by the end of last year. When/ Before/ By the time we got to the station, the train (leave). He said the film (放映)for ten minutes when he got there.（主句是过去时态的宾语从句中）2、句中有listen、look等词一般要用现在进行时态，但联系动词通常不用于进行时态，如例（5）。 3、例（6）句中虽没有明显时间，但通过句意“你正在等谁”可知道要用现在进行时态。4、现在完成时态强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或过去的动作一直延续到现在：(1)常和下列时间连用:ever, never, already, yet, just(但just now用于过去时态)for+一段时间，since+过去的时间，so far, in the last few years等. Many countries (send) up man-made satellites into space so far. Our city (改变)a lot in the last few years.(2)下列非延续性动词和一段时间连用时要作如下变化： borrow/lend- ; buy- ; receive a letter/catch a cold- ; 我收到他的来信已有一周了。I for a week. become- ; die-be ; open-be open(形容词); leave-be (from);come/arrive-be ;join-be ; finish-be , start/ begin-be ; 如：They have （成为）good friends for several years.That factory has （建立）there for ten years.(3) have been to曾经去过某地（现在 ）；gone to已经去了某地，现 have been in (at) 表示在某地已呆了一段时间。布朗先生已在中国呆了三年Mr Brown China for three years。注意：1、一般过去时态与现在完成时态的区别： 2、一般过去时、过去进行时与过去完成时态的区别： When I got to the station, the train .I only had a few words with him.二、掌握几种时态的被动语态的构成：(1)This digital camera is made in China.(2)Please tell me when the PRC was founded.(3)Your homework must be handed in on time.(4)Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.(5)The 29 th Olympic Games will be held in Beijing successfully.注意：1、 有些动词没有被动语态：（1）How delicious the food (尝起来)! （2）The dictionary （花费）me 98 yuan.（3）An accident (发生)to him last night.2、 有时用被动语态，有时用主动语态：（1）All the motorbikes in the shop (sell)out.但：This kind of motorbikes （sell）well in the shop.（2）Cotton (grow)in Shandong. 但： The flowers in our garden (grow)well.3、 有些动词短语变成被动语态时，后面的介词或副词不能少：（1）应该有礼貌地对老人说话。Old people .（2）幼树应该得到很好地护理。Young trees .（3）运动会可能推迟到下周六。The sports meeting till next Saturday.4、东西作主语时常用被动语态，人做主语有时也用被动语态： （1）English is spoken the most widely in the world.(2) Hell come if he (invite).（3）We (tell)to keep our classroom clean and quiet by the teacher. 5、含有情态动词的被动语态的疑问句： 书必须按时归还到图书馆