英语高中 1.简单句

现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）谓语（verb）表语（predicative）宾语（object）定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)补语（complement）,句子包括哪些成分？,表语（predicative）,主语：主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful.Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends.,名词,动名词,不定式,代词,2.谓语,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征。主语发出的动作。由简单动词or动词短语构成,Theyareteachers.Shelookswell.Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates.HecanspeakEnglish.,3.表语,表语表示主语的性质、状态和特征.表语位于系动词后面,Iamateacher.Sheishappy.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Shelookswell.,常见的系动词:判断类be,prove证明是,turnout结果似乎类seem,appear,似乎感官类feel摸起来,look看起来,sound听起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来变成类become,go,get,turn变成仍然类remain,stay,keep保持,Ex2:挑出下列句中的表语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-Soon,theyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.-Keepthedooropen.,Sheplaysthepiano.Iamafraidofthesnake.Igavehimapen.,宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾,2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾,3）双宾语-间宾（sb）和直宾（sth）,givesbsth/sthtosbshow/tell/write/sendbuysbsth/sthforsbget/make/pay/sing,Ex1:挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.,7.定语,定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。,Theblackbikeismine.Whatsyourname?abrokenvaseIhave5books.asleepingboy,black,sleeping,5,your,broken,Ex:挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.,6.状语,状语：用来修饰动词,形容词副词,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。,Hediditcarefully.Ifyoucameearly,youcouldcatchthebus.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.HewasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.,Ex5:挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.,5.宾语补足语,Hemakesyouhappy.Leavethedooropen.WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Isawhimenterthehall.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.,宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。,谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。,主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。,表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。,（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾,2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾,3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）,宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。,定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。,状语：用来修饰动词.,形容词.,副词.,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。,句子成分及单词词性练习题：1.Iamastudent.2.ImetTomintheclassroom./inthemorning.3.Tomlikesbooksverymuch.4.Herunsquickly.,主,谓,表,主,谓,宾,状,状,主,谓,宾,状,主,谓,状,简单句的五种基本句式,主语+谓语（vi.）Shecame/Myheadaches.主语+谓语（be）+表语Sheishappy主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语+谓语（vt.）+间宾+直宾ShegaveJohnabook主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语+宾补Shemakeshermotherangry,Tomgavemeanicepen.Mymotherboughtmylittlesisterapinkshirt.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.TimshowedmehisniceT-shirt.,Tomgaveanicepentome.,Mymotherboughtapinkshirtformylittlesister.,Shecookedadeliciousmealforus.,TimshowedhisniceT-shirttome.,注意：有些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give,hand,show,send,bring,pass,lend,teach,tell,write,throw,sell,等，表示动作是对谁做的。如：Canyoulendusyourcar?=Canyoulendyourcartous?有些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy,play,get,make,order,choose,sing,pay等，表示动作是为谁做的。如：Myuncleboughtmeawatch.=Myuncleboughtawatchforme.,1.主语+谓语（vi.）这种句型简称为主谓结构，不及物动词是指本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词。如；come,go,swim,run,arrive,fall,cry,jump,laugh等。Didyougobysea?你们走的是海路吗？No,weflew.不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时不及物动词后会跟副词，介词短语等做状语表动作发生的频率，时间，场所等。WhydontyoucomeatoncewhenIcallyou?我叫你时你为什么不马上来？,练习；一，填空，每空一词。1.他在听。He_.2.昨晚你睡得好吗？Didyou_lastnight?3.这场雨持续了两个小时。Therain_twohours.4.事物总是变化的。Thingsalways_.5.他来中国的梦想实现了。HisdreamtoChina_.,islistening,sleepwell,lastedfor,change,hascometrue,2.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语及物动词后必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词，代词，动名词，动词不定式或从句等充当。找出下列句子中的宾语。1Hehandedinhishomeworkthismorning.2Icantstandit.3Heforgottoturnoffthelightlastnight.4Wouldyoumindwaitingforafewminutes?5IlldowhatIcan.,完成句子，每空一词。6.你认识这些人吗？Doyou_?7.今天早上他完成了报告。He_thismorning.8.现在我来自我介绍一下。NowIll_.9.他已经决定搬到北京去了。Hehasdecided_Beijing.10.我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。Idontremember_theaccident_.,knowthesepeople,finishedhisreport,introducemyself,tomoveto,when,happened,3.主语+谓语（be）+表语系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质，特征或状态等。表语通常由名词，形容词，代词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词或从句等充当。常见的系动词:判断类be,prove,turnout似乎类seem,appear,look感官类feel,look,sound,smell,taste变成类become,go,get,turn仍然类remain,stay,keepAllherfriendsarenowoutsidethedoor.Themilkturnedsour.,练习-用系表结构翻译下列句子.1他感到有点累了。2.这听起来是个好主意。3.海伦在家吗？4.我的电脑在书房(study).Mycomputerisinmystudy.5.他的梦想是成为一名医生.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.6.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。Myfavoritesportisswimming.7.问题是你想干什么.Theproblemiswhatyouwanttodo.8.他总是乐于助人。9.这盘菜闻起来不错。10.那个女孩是我的妹妹。.,Hefeelsalittletired.,Thatsoundsagoodidea.,IsHelenathomein?,Heiswillingtohelpothers.,Thedishsmellsgood.Thatgirlismysister.,4.主语+谓语(vt.)+间宾(IO)+直宾(DO),有些及物动词如;hand,give,throw,lend,sing,read,write,buy,leave,make,pass,tell,get等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人称为间接宾语，一个宾语指物称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1：及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2：及物动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语,注意：有些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give,hand,show,send,bring,pass,lend,teach,tell,write,throw,sell,等，表示动作是对谁做的。如：Canyoulendusyourcar?=Canyoulendyourcartous?有些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy,play,get,make,order,choose,sing,pay等，表示动作是为谁做的。如：Myuncleboughtmeawatch.=Myuncleboughtawatchforme.,一找出下列句中的直接宾语。Shegavemehertelephonenumber.Bringmesomewater,please.Illmakeyousomefreshtea.Hesangusafolksong.Sheshowedmeherpaintings.二改为同义句6Tomgavemeanicepen.Tom_anicepen_me.7Mymotherboughtmylittlesisterapinkshirt.Mymother_apinkshirt_mylittlesister.8Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.She_adeliciousmeal_us.9TimshowedmehisniceT-shirt.Tim_hisniceT-shirt_me.10Shemademeacupofcoffee.She_acupofcoffee_me.,gave,to,bought,for,cooked,for,showed,to,made,for,5.主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语+宾补(OC),有些及物动词加上宾语后意思还是表达不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句意完整。宾语补足语常由形容词，副词，名词，介词短语，不定式，分词等形式充当。如：PleasedontcallmeLucy.Ifoundtheboxempty.Theteachertoldustodosomeexercises.注意：宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。,找出下列句中的宾语补足语。TheycalltheirdaughterMary.Dontleavemebehind.Iwishyoutobehappy.IsawherchattingwithNancy.Goodfoodkeepsyouhealthy.,句子翻译他们请我和他们一起去。我刚才看见她在跟Jane谈话。你认