高三英语语法复习之形容词

形容词与副词,语法(4),二、形容词的构成,1.由后缀构成的形容词,四、副词的分类,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,1.表示倍数的三个句型1.timesas+adj.(原级)+asThistableisthreetimesasbigasthatone.2.timesthe+性质名词+ofThistableisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.3.times+adj.(比较级)+thanThistableisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.*注意：Theoutputofcarsin2003issixtimesthatof2000.Theoutputofcarsin2003issixtimeswhatitwasin2000.,2同程度级的比较，用asas,thesameas,suchas引导：,HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter(is).=HenryissuchagoodworkerasPeter(is).Henrydoesnothaveso/asmanybooksasIhave.Hisnameisthesameashisfathers(name).3.表示比例的句型：The+比较级,the+比较级Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.Thelongeryoustay,thebetter(itwillbe).,4.比较级+比较级，表示“越来越”,Heranfasterandfaster.Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.5.用介词by表示相差的程度：SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.Imissedthelasttrainbyoneminute.6.一个人的两种性质的比较，用morethan结构：Annactsquiteunfriendly.Ithinkshesmoreshythanunfriendly.与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。Heismorelikeabeastthanlikeahumanbeing.,7.否定+比较级=最高级,为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.他过了最担心的一天。Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.8.比较的对象不能相互包容，注意:“比较级+than+”,TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyotherriverintheUnitedStates.,ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia/anycountryinAfrica.,+theother+复数名词+anyother+单数名词+anyoftheother+复数名词+anything/anyoneelse,9.修饰比较级的修饰语常见的有：,rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句)，alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes等，例如：Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.Acarrunsagreatdealfasterthanabike.修饰最高级的有序数词;byfar,Eg:ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.Idliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。,10.比较的对象应该相同。,TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.Theradiosmadeinourfactoryarebetterthanthose(made)inyourfactory.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.(人口与人口相比，出现代词that)Chinahasalargerpopulationthananyothercountryintheworld.(国家与国家相比较),11.比较状语从句中代动词的使用。,BoblooksyoungerthanI_.A.amB.doC.lookD.didBoblooksyoungerthanhe_.A.doesB.looksC.isD.wasBoblookedyoungerthanI_.A.doB.amC.lookedD.didIknowyoubetterthanhe_.A.doB.isC.doesD.wasIknowyoubetterthan_.A.heB.hisC.himD.she,B.do,C.is,D.did,C.does,C.him,12.注意no+比较级+than的特殊含义,AisnomorecarefulthanB.-A和B两人都不仔细。AisnolesscarefulthanB.-A和B两人都很仔细。AisnotmorecarefulthanB.-A不如B仔细。AisnotlesscarefulthanB.-A的仔细程度并不弱于B。,13.注意比较结构中的省略现象：,Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?Ihaveneverseenabetterone.(后边省略了thanthisfilm)Tomscomposition,ifnotbetter(后边省略了thanJacks),isatleastasgoodasJacks.Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnotasgood.(后边省略了astheonesinthisshop),这种省略现象给正确判断造成一定的障碍，在高考题中出现率高，应引起足够的重视。,14.无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词常见的有：,(1)表示比较、特殊意义的：comparative(ly),relative(ly),particular(ly),special(ly)(2)表示绝对意义的：absolute(ly),unexpected(ly),entire(ly),excellent(ly),perfect(ly),total(ly),thorough(ly),whole(wholly),complete(ly)(3)表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的：extreme(ly),main(ly),major,minor,chief(ly),senior,junior(4)表示性质的：economic,social,scientific,wooden,earthen,golden,woolen(5)表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的：only,matchless,single,round,square,level,very(正是的)，own,favorite,simply,hardly,scarcely,形容词和副词的用法要点,一、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：asmallwonderfulgift.限定词(these,those,the,a(n)+数量形容词three+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词(large,long,high)+新旧(new/old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰词。,最近的这些日子alltheselastfewdays一些美丽的小红花somebeautifullittleredflowers一堵高高的红砖墙ahighredbrickwall一辆漂亮的白色的中国军用吉普车abeautifulwhiteChinesemilitaryjeep,(these,days,last,few,all),(beautiful,red,little,flowers,some),(high,a,wall,brick,red),(white,a,beautiful,Chinese,jeep,military),二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况,1.当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词，如:something,anything,nothing时。如：-Isthereanythingnewintodaysnewspaper?-No,nothingnew.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.2.当“形容词+介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：Themancarriedabagfullofriceonhisback.Theteacheraskedmeaquestiontoodifficulttoanswer.,三、表语形容词,有些形容词只作表语，而通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid,awake,asleep,alive,alike,ashamed,afloat,well(healthy),sorry,unable,sure等。如:Theboywasstillasleep.Theoldmanwasaloneinthehouse.注:上述形容词可以作补语。如：Wefoundthesnakestillalive.但afraid,alive,alone,awake等可以用作后置定语.如：Heisthegreatestpoetalive.Hecameoutlikeamanafraid.Tomwastheonlyboyawakeatthattime.Thepeople,thepeoplealone,arethemotiveforceinthemakingofworldhistory.,*以字母a开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰。如：,非常孤单的verymuchalone熟睡的fastasleep十分清醒的wideawake很害怕的verymuchafraid非常害羞的greatlyashamed,但当以字母a开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语。如：,thefastasleepboyasomewhatafraidsoldierthewideawakesoldiers,四、下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”：,(im)possible,(un)necessary,(im)probable,(in)convenient等。如：Itisprobablethatitwillraintoday.Itisprobabletoraintoday.Itislikelytoraintoday.Itisconvenienttoworkattheweekend.,但可以说：Heisimpossibletoteach.=Itisimpossibletoteachhim.,五、两种形式的副词,close接近(指距离)closely仔细地、密切地free免费freely自由地、自如地deep深deeply深刻地、深入地hard努力地hardly几乎不wide宽阔widely广泛地high高highly高度地late晚、迟lately近来near邻近nearly几乎most最mostly主要地、绝大多数地easy从容地easily容易地,说明：有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。如：early,straight,slow,enough,fast,hard,long,firm,deep,wide,high,late等。六、有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评述性状语。如：Fortunately,h