高考语法专题一名词代词冠词PPT课件VIP

,高考英语强化,语法之路,1,.,为什么要学习英语语法？,为了作对选择题？,2,.,为了能够看懂句式结构复杂的段落文字，理解其真正的意思在写作和口语的时候，尽量不要犯语法错误，造成词不达意对自己要求高一点就是写作的提高，用词和用句结构多变一些，做到简洁明了。,3,.,4,.,学习语法重要吗？,那还用说吗？,5,.,Theadobedwelling(土坯房)61(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven62mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir63(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout64(use)electricequipment.Wallmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat65(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough66(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:67thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle68(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As69(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly70thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.,2015高考海南短文型语法填空,6,.,名词代词冠词,专题一,7,.,卷名,考点,2014、2015年高考考点考次统计,8,.,3.,D,A,A,C,9,.,名词,考纲解读,复数名词的构成、不可数名词、名词所有格、常见名词后缀,命题规律,主要考察复数名词的构成，名词所有格及名词构词法,趋势,名词的“数”“格”的考察仍会成为高考的重点,10,.,名词的数单数名词变为复数名词常见法则,11,.,4.以-o结尾的名词变复数,黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿Negroesheroespotatoestomatoes,通常在词尾加-s，但下列名词要加-es,zero零，volcano火山-es和-s都可以,12,.,5.以-f或者-fe结尾的名词变复数,为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半,通常在词尾加-s，但下列名词要把f或fe去掉，加-ves,selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,loaves,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves,原型self,life,thief,wife,knife,loaf,leaf,shelf,wolf,half,13,.,6.合成名词构成的复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数,sonin-low女婿passer-by过路人storyteller讲故事的人housewife家庭主妇,s,s,s,housewives,14,.,7.“man/woman+n.”变为复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数,menteachers男老师们womenengineers女工程师们,15,.,8.不规则复数形式,变内部元音footfeet脚womanwomen女人manmen男人toothteeth牙齿mousemice老鼠goosegeese鹅,16,.,单复数同形的名词sheep羊deer鹿Chinese中国人aircraft飞行器Swiss瑞士人Japanese日本人crossroads十字路口species种类series连续headquarters总部means方法works工厂,17,.,一些名词的特殊复数形式criterioncriteria标准phenomenonphenomena现象Analysisanalyses分析basisbases基础Crisiscrises危机thesistheses论文Bacteriumbacteria细菌mediummedia媒体,18,.,people指“人们”时其单复数形式相同，指“民族”时其复数形式为peoplesPeople人twopeople两个人Apeople一个民族twopeople两个民族,fish表示鱼的种类时复数为fishes，比赛条数时复数为fishTherearemanydifferentfishesinthisriver.这条河中有很多不同种类的鱼Iboughtfivefishtoday.今天我买了五条鱼,19,.,二，名词的格,1.s所有格简单一点表达就是“的”,20,.,2.of所有格,21,.,3.of双重所有格,22,.,三，名词构词法,-ence，-ance结尾的名词：Referreference查阅/参考differdifference不同Resistresistance抵制endureendurance忍受,2.tion，-sion结尾的名词：Introduceintroduction介绍directdirection方向/指导,3.ment结尾的名词：Improveimprovement改进treattreatment对待/治疗,23,.,4.ness结尾的名词：adj.n.clevercleverness聪明bitterbitterness苦,5.age结尾的名词：Marrymarriage婚姻shortshortage短缺,6.th结尾的名词：Deaddeath死亡growgrowth成长,24,.,8.ce结尾的名词：adj.n.confidentconfidence信心presentpresence出席v.n.Adviseadvice建议offendoffence冒犯,9.dom结尾的名词：Freefreedom自由kingkingdom国王,7.ure结尾的名词：Pleasepleasure快乐presspressure压力,25,.,11.ship结尾的名词：Friendship友谊relationship关系hardship艰难,12.ing结尾的名词：Feeling感觉training训练meaning意思,10.hood结尾的名词：Childhood童年neighborhood邻居,26,.,代词,考纲解读,掌握人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、反身代词、it的用法,命题规律,几乎每篇语篇型语法填空都会对代词进行考查，且对代词考查时，均不给出提示词,趋势,代词-仍会是高考语篇型语法填空的重点！,27,.,1.（2015江苏，23）Jim,canyouworkthisSunday？Why_?Ivebeenworkingfortwoweeksonend.,2.（2015福建，21）Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey，but_containedanyusefulsuggestion,3.（2014重庆，1）Asmilecosts_，butgivesmuch.,4.（2013天津，12）Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilarto_describedinthismagazine.,me,litter,neither,those,28,.,人称,数、格,一.人称代词,29,.,二，物主代词,Thisisnotmydictionary.MineislenttoLucy.Everypersonshowedhisticket,andIshowedminetoo.,30,.,三，反身代词,31,.,四，指示代词,指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个，这些”“那个，那些”。常用的指示代词有this，that，these，those。为了方便学习，把such，so也归于这一类,32,.,刚提到过的或已经完成的事情用that，而将要发生或将要提到的事情用thisLittleGeorgebrokethevase,buthedidntadmitit.ThatwasveryannoyingProfessorWatsonisgoingtogiveusalectureongeology.Thisisveryexcitingb)用英语打电话时，this指自己，that指别人Hello！ThisisAlan.Whoisthatspeaking?,33,.,五，it的用法,1.指代上文提到的某样东西Whereismydictionary？Ileftitrightonthedesk2.用以代替指示代词this，thatWhatsthis？Itsaflag.whoseexercisebookisthat？Itshers,34,.,3.指时间、天气、距离和环境情况等Itis9oclocknow.ItisraininghardoutsideItisalongwaytothefactory,4.It常用来作形式主语或形式宾语Itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.IfinditeasytogetonwithJimIhavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere,35,.,六，不定代词,(一)both,all,either,any,neither,none的区别,36,.,CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?Imafraidneitherispossible.周一或周二你哪天能来？恐怕（这两天）哪天都不行,Iveboughttwobooks;youcanhaveeither.我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。,37,.,(二)one,ones,theone,theones,that,those,38,.,1.wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays,youcanchooseone(=asummercamp)basedonyourowninterest.one替代a/an+单数名词2.Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents,ones(=presents)thatihadneverseenone代替“零冠词+复数3.thebookonthedeskisbetterthantheone/that(=thebook)underthedesktheone/that替代“the+单数名词”4.thebooksonthedeskarebetterthantheones/those(=thebooks)underthedesktheones/those替代“the+复数名词5.littlejoycanequalthat(=thejoy)ofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstoriesthat代替“the+不可数名词”,39,.,(三)one,another,theother;some,others,theothers区别,40,.,(四),NothinginmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum我一生中，印象最深的就是第一次去参观故宫Jimsoldmostofhisthings.Hehashardlyanythingleftinthehouse.,41,.,(五),Howmuchmoneydoyouhave?None,Whatareyoudoingnow？Nothing,注意：None后面可以跟of短语，而nothing和noone/nobody不能Noneofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasasecret,42,.,Heisnothingbutaworker.他只是一名工人Heisanythingbutaworker他根本不是一名工人Sheissomethingofadoctor.Shehassavedmanylives可以说她是一位医生。她救了很多人的命Heisascientistorsomething他大概是科学家之类的人物,习惯搭配,43,.,(七),Ihavemanybookshere,andyoucantakeanyone.,44,.,(八)each，every的区别,Eachoftheticketscosts10dollars.=Theticketseachcost10dollars.,Everystudentshastotaketheexamination.=Allthestudentshavetotaketheexamination.,45,.,(九),46,.,冠词,考纲解读,掌握定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词的用法,命题规律,几乎每篇语篇型语法填空都会对冠词进行考查，且对冠词考查时，均不给出提示词,趋势,冠词-仍会是高考语篇型语法填空的重点！,47,.,1.,2.,48,.,不定冠词不定冠词用于名词之前,表示“一个”“一类”.a用于一般名词之前,an用于发音以元音音素开头的词之前(不是以元音字母开头),如:anapple,anhour,auniversity.,一.不定冠词的用法:1.第一次提到某人某事某物时,用a/an起介绍作用a.Whatishe?Heisateacher.b.Thereisanewbookonthetable.,2.概括人或事物的整体,表示一类,即以其中的一个代表一类时用a/ana.Abikeisveryusefulinthecountryside.b.Anelephantisstrongerthanahorse.,49,.,3.a/an用于某些词组,是词组不可缺少的组成部分,如:gooutforawalkalongtime,haveatalkasaresultinahurryinamoment,4.a表示“每一”之意,用于表示时间,速度,价格等意义的名词之前,如:threetimesaday每天三次a.Theeggsarefiveyuanadozen.b.WehaveEnglishlessonsfivetimesaweek.,50,.,5.a用于抽象名词之前表示具体介绍.“a+抽象名词”起具体化的作用,表示“一个什么样的人/事/物”a.Thislittleboyisajoytohisparents.这个小男孩对于他的父母来说是一个开心果（一个欢乐的人）b.Thisbookisagreathelptome.c.Thepartyisagreatsuccess.d.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.,6.用在称呼之前,表示“某个”,如:aMr.Wang一个姓王的人1)AMr.Smithiswaitingforyou.一个叫史密斯的先生在等那你,51,.,7.and连接两个名词,若分别加a/an,表示两个人或物;若只在第一个名词前加a/an,则表示一个人或物,如:ablackandwhitehorse一匹黑白相间的马;ablackandawhitehorse一匹黑马和一匹白马（指两匹马）Heateacherandwriter.他是位教师兼作家,8.在“ofa/an+名词”结构中,a/an表示“同一个”意思,相当于thesamea.HeandIareofanage.他和我同龄b.Thetwopairsofshoesareofasize.两双鞋同尺码,52,.,定冠词一.不用定冠词的地方:(零冠词）1.复数可数名词或不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时,不用thea.Horsesareanimals.b.Ilikeflowers.c.Milkiswhite.d.Mr.Smithlikestohavericefordinner.,53,.,2.月、季节、星期、节假、洲、称呼、头衔前不用定冠词；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前也不用HehasnolessononSundays.bytrain,gotobed,gotoschool惯用语IlikeSummer.playbasketball/football,playchess,playcardsLetsgoouttodinner.,54,.,3.在系动词turn(变为,变得)之后作表语的单数名词前不用冠词a.Heusedtobeateacher,butnowhasturnedwriter,4.as引出的表示让步意义的倒装句中,最高级前不用the,泛指的名词前不用a/an，表“虽然/尽管.，但是”a.Beststudentasheis(=Thoughheisthebeststudent),heisalwaysmodest.虽然他是最优秀的学生，但是他总是很谦虚b.Childasheis(=Thoughheisachild),the