大鼠解剖图谱—中英文PPT课件

.,1,RatDissection,Thefollowingslidesareintendedtohelpyouwithdissectionoftheratandthentoreviewforthelabpracticalthatwillfollow.,RATS,.,2,RatDissection,ScientificName:RattusnorvegicusCommonName:RatKingdom-AnimaliaPhylum-ChordataSubphylum-VertebrataClass-MammaliaOrder-Rodentia,RATS,.,3,RatDissection,Thefollowingwebsiteswereusedtoobtainvariousdissectionpictures.(1)http:/www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/science/biological_sciences/lab15/biolab15_1.html(2).au/home/jans/home/rat.htm(3)Thishasanexcellentselfquiz!UrogenitalTutorial-.au/undergrad/erat/index.html,SOURCES,.,4,RatDissection,REMOVINGSKIN,Source#4,.,5,RatDissection,REMOVINGSKIN,Source#7,.,6,RatDissection,REMOVINGSKIN,Source#4,.,7,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,Branchial:鳃的Externaauditorymeatus：外耳道Temporalis：颞肌Orbicularisoculi：眼轮匝肌parotidduct：腮腺导管,.,8,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#1,.,9,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,.,10,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,.,11,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,Wrist:腕关节Longheadofbicepsbrachi:肱二头肌长头Medialheadoftriceps:肱三头肌内侧头Coracobrachialis:喙头肌Elbow：肘部Tensorfasciaeantebrachi:Longheadoftriceps:肱三头肌长头Axillaregion:腋部Shortheadofbicepsbrachi:肱二头肌短头Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Distal:远心端Proximal:近心端,.,12,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#1,Externaljugularvein:颈外静脉Pectoralismuscles:胸肌Triceps:肱三头肌Biceps:二头肌Masseter:咬肌,.,13,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#1,Cutaneousmaximus:Externaljugularvein:颈外静脉Lineaalba:腹白线,.,14,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,Transversusabdominis:腹横肌Epigastricvein:腹壁下静脉Rectusabdominis:腹直肌Internaloblique:腹内斜肌Externaloblique:腹外斜肌Rostral:头侧Caudal:尾侧Lateral:外侧Medial:内侧,.,15,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,Thigh:大腿Hip:臀部Gluteusmaximus:臀大肌Caputvertebralis:Caputpelvis:Bicepsfemoris:股二头肌Semitendinosus:半腱肌Vastuslateralis:股外侧肌,.,16,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,Vastuslateralis:股外侧肌Adductormagnus:大收肌Bicepsfemoris:股二头肌Semimembranosus:半膜肌Cranial:颅侧Caudal:尾侧Dorsal:背侧Ventral:腹侧,.,17,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,Iliacus:髂肌Pectineus:耻骨肌Adductorlongus:长收肌Gluteusmedius:臀中肌Vastuslateralis:股外侧肌Rectusfemoris:股直肌Vastusmedialis:股内侧肌Adductormagnus:大收肌Gracilis:股薄肌Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌,.,18,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Tibialiasanterior:胫骨前肌Flexordigitorumprofundis:指(趾）深屈肌Fibularislongus:Soleus:比目鱼肌Lateralheadofgastrocnemius:腓肠肌外侧头Plantaris:跖肌medialheadofgastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcanealtendon:跟腱Heeloffoot:足跟,.,19,RatDissection,MUSCLES,Source#5,Plantaris:跖肌Flexordigitorumsuperficialis:指(趾）浅屈肌Soleus:比目鱼肌medialheadofgastrocnemius:腓肠肌内侧头Calcanealtendon:跟腱Heeloffoot:足跟,.,20,RatDissection,ORALCAVITY,Source#6,Oralcavity:口腔Hardpalate:硬腭Softpalate:软腭,.,21,RatDissection,ORALCAVITY,Source#6,Saluvarygland:唾液腺,.,22,RatDissection,ABDOMINALCAVITY,Source#4,.,23,RatDissection,ABDOMINALCAVITY,Source#4,.,24,RatDissection,Source#7,ABDOMINALCAVITY,.,25,RatDissection,DIGESTIVEORGANS,Source#1,Digestiveorgans:消化器官Mesentery:肠系膜Omentum:网膜,.,26,RatDissection,Source#6,DIGESTIVEORGANS,Liver：肝脏Caecum:盲肠Smallintestine:小肠,.,27,RatDissection,Source#6,DIGESTIVEORGANS,Duodenum:十二指肠Stomach:胃Spleen:脾脏Largeintestine:大肠,.,28,RatDissection,DIGESTIVEORGANS,Source#1,diaphragm:膈Liver：肝脏Smallintestine:小肠Spleen：脾脏Caecum:盲肠,.,29,RatDissection,DIGESTIVEORGANS,Source#5,Caudalsideofdiaphragm:膈肌尾侧面Medianlobeofliver:肝脏中叶Ligamentumtereshepatis:肝静脉索Leftlobeofliver:肝脏左叶Stomach:胃Greateromentum:大网膜Smallintestines:小肠,.,30,RatDissection,DIGESTIVEORGANS,Source#1,Duodenum:十二指肠Pancreas:胰腺Jejunum:空肠Ileum:回肠Colon:结肠Caecum:盲肠,.,31,RatDissection,Source#6,DIGESTIVEORGANS,.,32,RatDissection,DIGESTIVEORGANS,Source#1,Transverselimb:横结肠Ascendinglimb:升结肠Descendinglimb:降结肠,.,33,RatDissection,Source#1,THORACICCAVITY,Externaljugular:颈外静脉Leftcommoncarotid:左颈总动脉Leftsubclavian：左锁骨下动脉Aorticarch:主动脉弓Leftpostcava:下腔静脉Lung:肺脏Kidney:肾脏Leftatrium:左心房Leftventricle:左心室Rightprecava:上腔静脉Innominate:Trachea:气管,.,34,RatDissection,HEART+LUNGS,Source#5,Rightauricle:右心耳Thymus:胸腺Leftphrenicnerve:膈神经Diaphragm:膈,.,35,RatDissection,RESPIRATORYORGANS,Source#1,.,36,RatDissection,CIRCULATORYORGANS,Source#1,Circulatoryorgans:循环器官R.commoncarotidA.:右颈总动脉R.SubclavianA.右锁骨下动脉InnominateA.:R.Atrium:右心房R.Lung:右肺Esophagus：食管Aorta:主动脉Diaphragm：膈R.:rightL.:leftA.:arterial动脉的,.,37,RatDissection,HEART,Source#5,Rightauricle:右心耳Rightventricle:右心室Leftpulmonaryartery:左肺动脉Leftauricle:左心耳,.,38,RatDissection,CIRCULATORYORGANS,Source#1,Dorsal：背侧的superiormesentericA.:肠系膜上动脉CoeliacA.:腹主动脉R.RenalV.:右肾静脉Inferiorvenacava:下腔静脉Kidney:肾脏Ovary:卵巢Dorsalaorta:背主动脉Uterus:子宫R.CommoniliacA.:右髂总动脉R.IliolumbarV.右髂腰静脉R.OvarianV.右卵巢静脉,.,39,RatDissection,UROGENITALORGANS,Source#1,Urogenitalsystem:泌尿生殖系统Kidney：肾脏Ovary:卵巢Cornuaofuterus:子宫角,.,40,RatDissection,Source#5,EXCRETORYORGANS,Pelvis:肾盂RenalV.:肾静脉Cortex:皮质Medulla:髓质,.,41,RatDissection,Source#5,UROGENITALORGANS,Rightkidney:右肾Uterinehornwithfeluses:有胚胎的子宫角Rightureter:右输尿管Bladder:膀胱Leftadrenalgland:左肾上腺Rectum:直肠,.,42,RatDissection,1.Trachea：气管2.Heart：心脏3.Lung：肺脏4.Diaphragm：膈,Source#2,THORACICCAVITY,ReviewandQuizYourself,.,43,RatDissection,1.RightAtrium：右心房2.RightVentricle：右心室3.LeftAtrium：左心房4.LeftVentricle：左心室,Source#2,HEART,ReviewandQuizYourself,.,44,RatDissection,1.JugularVein：颈静脉2.CarotidArtery：颈动脉3.SuperiorVenaCava：上腔静脉4.AscendingAorta：升主动脉5.Atrium(right)：心房（右）6.Ventricles：心室,THORACICCIRCULATION,Source#2,ReviewandQuizYourself,.,45,RatDissection,Youshouldbefamiliarwiththeorderofthepartsofthealimentarycanal.Followingthepaththatfoodwouldtake,wewouldpassthrough:熟悉消化道膈部分的顺序和名称。下图标明食物通过消化道的顺序：OralCavity口腔Pharynx咽Esophagus食管Stomach胃PyloricSphincter幽门括约肌SmallIntestine小肠Duodenum十二指肠Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠LargeIntestine大肠Cecum盲肠Colon结肠-AscendingLimb升支-TransverseLimb横支-DescendingLimb降支Rectum直肠Anus肛门,Source#1,ABDOMINALCAVITY腹腔,.,46,RatDissection,1.Liver肝2.Stomach胃3.Pancreas胰脏4.Duodenum十二指肠5.SmallIntestines小肠6.Cecum盲肠7.UrinaryBladder膀胱,Source#2,ABDOMINALCAVITY腹腔,ReviewandQuizYourself,.,47,RatDissection,1.AbdominalAorta腹主动脉2.RenalArtery(left)肾动脉（左）3.RenalVein(left)肾静脉（左）4.InferiorVenaCava下腔静脉5.HepaticPortalVein肝门静脉,ABDOMINALCIRCULATION腹部血液循环,Source#2,ReviewandQuizYourself,.,48,RatDissection,1.CoagulatingGland凝固腺2.UrinaryBladder膀胱3.VasDeferens输精管4.Epididymis附睾5.SmallIntestines小肠6.SeminalVesicle精囊腺7.ProstateGland前列腺8.Penis阴茎9.Testis睾丸10.Scrotum阴囊,MALEREPRODUCTIVEORGANS雄性生殖器官,Source#2,ReviewandQuizYourself,.,49,RatDissection,Stomach胃Kidney肾Ovary卵巢Oviduct输卵管UterineHorn子宫角LargeIntestine大肠UrinaryBladder膀胱,FEMALEREPRODUCTIVEORGANS雌性生殖器官,Source#2,ReviewandQuizYourself,.,50,RatDissection,10.13.15.,TAGGEDORGANS,Source#7,ReviewandQuizYourself,BicepsBrachii肱二头肌,Masseter嚼肌,RibCage胸廓,.,51,RatDissection,7.,TAGGEDORGANS,Source#7,ReviewandQuizYourself,Heart心脏,Trachea气管,Lung肺,Esophagus食管,.,52,1.17.18.,RatDissection,TAGGEDORGANS,Source#7,ReviewandQuizYourself,Cecum盲肠,SmallIntestine小肠,Ovary卵巢,Diaphragm膈,Liver肝,Spleen脾,.,53,RatDissection,24.26.,TAGGEDORGANS,Source#7,ReviewandQuizYourself,UterineHorn子宫角,UrinaryBladder膀胱,.,54,RatDissection,3.25.,TAGGEDORGANS,Source#7,ReviewandQuizYourself,Ureter输尿管,Kidney肾,Rectum直肠,Stomach胃,AdrenalGland肾上腺,.,55,RatDissection,Towardthemidline朝中线方向Towardtheback(uppersurfaceofbody)朝向背部（动物身体的上表面）Towardthetail朝向尾部Towardtheside朝向两边Farthestfromthepointofattachment附着点的最远端Towardthebelly(undersideofbody)朝向腹部（动物身体的下表面）Closesttothepointofattachment附着点附近Towardthehead朝向头部,ReviewandQuizYourself,NAMETHATFUNCTION:,Caudal尾侧,Lateral外侧,Cranial颅侧,Proximal近端,Ventral腹侧,Distal远端,Dorsal背侧,Medial内侧,Heresawordbanktohelpyouout:CaudalCranialDistalDorsalLateralMedialProximalVentral,ANATOMICALTERMS解剖术语,.,56,RatDissection,Thetermreferringtobendingofajoint关节弯曲的术语Thetermreferringtomovementofanappendagetowardthelongaxisofthebody四肢向身体长轴方向移动的术语Thetermreferringtostraighteningofajoint关节处伸直的术语Thetermreferringtomovementofanappendageawayfromthelongaxisofthebody四肢向身体长轴反方向移动的术语,ANATOMICALTERMS解剖术语,ReviewandQuizYourself,NAMETHATFUNCTION:,Adduction内收,Flexion俯屈,Abduction外展,Extension伸展,.,57,RatDissection,Thewhiskers,whichhaveasensoryfunction有感知功能的胡须Theflap-likeexternalearthatdirectssoundwavesintotheearopening收集声波片状的外耳Pairedopeningsleadingintothenose鼻子的一对导气孔Organsofthethoracicandabdominalcavities胸腔腹腔里的组织Apartitionorwallseparating2cavities分割两腔的隔膜Amembranewhichsuspendstheorgans支持器官的膜Shinymembranethatlinestheabdominalcavity腹腔光滑的膜,ReviewandQuizYourself,NAMETHATORGAN:,Vibrissae触须,Pinna耳郭,Nares鼻孔,Mesentery肠系膜,Septum隔膜,Viscera内脏,Peritoneum腹膜,Heresawordbanktohelpyouout:MesenteryNaresPeritoneumPinnaSeptumVibrissaeViscera,ORGANFUNCTION器官功能,.,58,RatDissection,Abductsthethigh大腿向外侧运动Extendstheforelimb前肢伸直Constrictstheabdomen腹部收缩Closesthejaw关闭下颚Adductsthethigh大腿内侧运动Flexestheforelimb前肢弯曲Drawstheforelimbtowardthechest前肢向胸侧运动Extendsthefoot伸脚Movestheforelimbdorsally+caudally前肢向背部和尾部运动,ReviewandQuizYourself,NAMETHATMUSCLE:,BicepsFemoris股二头肌,TricepsBrachii肱三头肌,ExternalObliques腹外斜肌,BicepsBrachii肱二头肌,Gracilis股薄肌,Masseter咬肌,PectoralisMajor胸大肌,Heresawordbanktohelpyouout:BicepsBrachiiBicepsFemorisExternalObliquesGastrocnemiusGluteusMaximusGracilisLatissimusDorsiMasseterPectoralisMajorTricepsBrachi,or,GluteusMaximums臀大肌,Gastrocnemius腓肠肌,LatissimusDorsi背阔肌,ORGANFUNCTION器官功能,.,59,RatDissection,ProducesWBCs(Whitebloodcells)产白细胞Movesfoodinmouthandtastes将食物移入嘴里，品尝Organsforgasexchange换气的器官Windpipeleadingfrompharynxtolungs由咽到肺的管道Bonyanteriorroofofmouth口腔前骨顶Muscularsheetthatseparatesthethoracicandabdominalcavities分开胸腔与腹腔的肌肉层Incisors(biting)andmolars(grinding)剪切和磨食物Muscularposteriorroofofmouth口腔顶尾部肌肉Affectsmetabolicrateandbodygrowth影响新陈代谢率和身体成长,ReviewandQuizYourself,NAMETHATORGAN:,Tongue舌头,Lungs肺,Diaphragm横膈膜,HardPalate硬腭,Trachea气管,Teeth牙齿,Heresawordbanktohelpyouout:DiaphragmHardPalateLungsSoftPalateTeethThymusGlandThyroidGlandTongueTrachea,ThymusGland胸腺,SoftPalate软腭,ThyroidGland甲状腺,ORGANFUNCTION器官功能,.,60,RatDissection,Producesinsulinforglucosemetabolism产生胰岛素的地方Aidsindigestionofproteins帮助蛋白质消化的地方Foodtubefrompharynxtostomach将食物由咽部运送至胃的导管Digestsandabsorbsnutrients营养物质的消化吸收的地方Foldsinstomachthathelpmixfood胃里帮助碾碎食物的摺Secretesbile,cleansblood,storesglycogen分泌胆汁，净化血液，储存糖原Cleansblood,removesoldRBCs净化血液，清除年老的红细胞Reabsorptionofwater水重吸收Blindpouchwhereileumjoinscolon回肠与结肠连接处的盲段Endofintestines,compactionoffeces消化道尾端，压缩排泄物,ReviewandQuizYourself,NAMETHATORGAN:,Stomach胃,Esophagus食道,Liver肝,Rugae胃皱褶,SmallIntestines小肠,Spleen脾,Heresawordbanktohelpyouout:CecumEsophagusLargeIntestineLiverPancreasSmallIntestineSpleenStomachRectumRugae,Pancreas胰腺,LargeIntestine大肠,Cecum盲肠,Rectum直肠,ORGANFUNCTION器官功能,.,61,RatDissection,Removeswastes+excessH20fromblood将血液中的废物和多余的水除去的地方Housesdevelopingfetuses胎儿生长的地方Producesandstoressperm储存精子的地方Storesurin