虚拟语气精讲.ppt

虚拟语气,语气在英文中可分为3种：陈述语气；祈使语气和虚拟语气。当说话人谈到与事实相反的愿望时，或者主观想象某事可能发生时，或者建议、要求某事发生时，就需要用虚拟语气。,I虚拟语气在条件句中的用法,条件句有真实性条件句和非真实性条件句两种。真实性条件句所表示的假设可能发生，用陈述语气。,如果明年我有足够的钱，我就去日本。,IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,IwillgotoJapan.,非真实性条件句所表示的假设不可能发生，要用虚拟语气。,1与现在事实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去式，be的过去式用were,要是我是你，我就会对他说实话。,IfIwereyou,Iwould(should,could,might)tellhimthetruth.,如果他有时间，他就会和你去。,Ifhehadtime,hewould(should，could,might)gowithyou.,要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都会没问题的。,Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.,2与过去事实相反,如果你仔细一点，这个错误是可以避免的。,Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,themistakemighthavebeenavoided.,假如他受过良好的教育，他就不会表现成那样。,Ifhehadhadagoodeducation,hewouldneverhavebehavedlikethat.,假如我的表不停，我就会准时的。,Ifmywatchhadnotstopped,Ishouldhavebeenontime.,3与将来事实相反,假如他来了，我们对他说什么呢？,Whatshouldwesaytohimifheweretocome?,假如他看见我，他会认出我。,Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldrecognizeme.,如果我们爬到山顶，我们能有一个好的视野吗？,Wouldwehaveagoodviewifweclimbedtothetopofthemountain?,注意1：If虚拟从句中若含有should,had或者were，那么就可以把它们提到句首，if省略，其他不变，形成倒装。,如果他在这儿，他会来帮助我们。,Werehehere,hewouldcometohelpus.,假如你刚才在这里，你就会遇见她。,Hadyoubeenherejustnow,youwouldhavemether.,假如我明天看见他，我就会告诉他关于这件事。,WereItoseehimtomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.,注意2：虚拟时，当从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所发生的时间作出相应的调整，这叫“错综/混合虚拟条件句”，尤其要注意提示语：时间状语,如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。,Ifhehadsetoutearlier,hewouldgethomenow.,假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。,Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice，youwouldbemuchbetternow.,Ifyou_thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldntbesosleepy.haventwatchedB.didntwatchC.hadntwatchedD.wouldntwatched,Wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(ifwehadntgotyourhelp/iftherehadntbeenyourhelp),Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（=IfIhadntbeenillthatday,）,Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(=ifhehadnttelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,),注意3虚拟条件句可用without,butfor，otherwise，or等代替，形成含蓄虚拟条件句。,Butforrain(=Ifithadntrained),wewouldhavefinishedthework.,II虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法,1在动词wish/wouldrather后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反,如果与现在事实相反,从句用过去式（be动词用were），如果与过去事实相反，从句用“had过去分词”。,我现在希望知道这个问题的答案。,IwishIknewtheanswertothequestionnow.,我希望我没花那么多钱。,IwishIhadntspentsomuchmoney.,我宁愿现在他们和我一起去。,Iwouldrathertheywentwithmenow.,他宁愿他没有失去那次机会。,Hewouldratherthathehadnotlostthechance.,wish对将来情况的愿望，从句谓语动词用would/coulddo.,egIwishitwould/couldraintomorrow.,wishtodosth或wishsbtodosth不用虚拟语气。Iwishtoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.,3在一坚持（insist）,二命令（order,command）,三建议（suggest,advise,propose）,四要求（demand，desire，request,require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。,我建议我们马上出发。,Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.,Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.(坚持认定)Heinsistedthatshe(should)showhimherpassport.（坚持要求）,Hisfacesuggestedthathewasangry.(暗示,表明),III虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。,Itsnecessary(important,essential，urgentetc.)that从句，此that从句中谓语动词用虚拟，即（should）动词原形。,中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。,Itisnecessarythatmiddleschoolstudents（should）masteraforeignlanguage.,我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。,Itisimportantthatwe（should）speakpolitely.,注意：常有这样的句式Itisdesired/demanded/requested/required/suggested等+that从句。此that从句仍为主语从句，仍要用虚拟语气）（should）doItissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeheld.,IV虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法。,在suggestion,proposal,order,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“（should）动词原形”。,WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatweshouldgotoDalianforsightseeing.,MysuggestionisthatweshouldgotoDalianforsightseeing.,在Itis(high)time(that)句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式要用过去式。,我们该离开了。,Itistimethatweleft.,VIifonly“要是就好了”，相当于主语wish,所以如果与现在事实相反,用过去式（be动词用were）；如果与过去事实相反，用“had过去分词”;如果与将来事实相反，用would/coulddo.,要是今天是星期天就好了。,IfonlyitwereSundaytoday.,V虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法。,IfonlyJimhadpassedtheexam.,Ifonlytherainwould/couldstoptomorrow.,VII由asif(asthough)引导的方式状语从句中，如果与现在事实相反,用过去式（be动词用were）；如果与过去事实相反，用“had过去分词”。,他对待我好像我是陌生人似的。,HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.,她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。,Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.,注意：如果表示的事情可能发生，那么asif/asthough引导的状语从句中的谓语动词应该用陈述语气。,Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,实际上，虚拟语气是虚拟句谓语动词的时态。,找错：1Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.2Mysuggestionisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.3Hissuggestionthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.4Itissuggestedthatthebooksaresentthereatonce.,Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.,Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.,Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gothereonfootisacceptable.,Itissuggestedthatthebooks(should)besentthereatonce.,Exercise,IfI_tenyearsyounger,I_veryhappy.were,wouldbeB.am,shallbeC.were,shallbeD.am,wouldbe2.Youcanaskyourbrotherforhelp.Heisnotathome.Ifhe_,I_.A.is,wouldB.were,wouldC.is,willD.were,will,3.Ifyou_thedoctorsadvice,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.A.followB.followedC.wouldfollowD.hadfollowed4.Ifhehadnotmissedthetrain,he_bythen.A.mightgetB.mighthavegotC.gotD.hadgot,5.Whatwouldyouhavedonelastnight,ifyou_towriteyourhomework.hadntB.haventhadC.didnthaveD.hadnthad6.Didyoucatchtheplane?No,ifIhadhurried,I_.A.wouldB.wouldhaveC.couldD.did,7.Howdoyouliketheparty?Wonderful.Ifyouhadcomewithus,you_agoodtime.A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad8.IfI_outofmyink,Iwouldhavefinishedwritingthepaper.A.didntrunB.shouldntrunC.haventrunD.hadntrun,9.Ifyou_earlytomorrowmorning,youwouldbetherebynoon.A.havestartedB.werestartedC.weretostartD.hadstarted10.Didyouhandinyourapplicationforaleaguemember?Notyet.IfI_toseemyfather,Iwouldhave.A.didntgoB.haventgoneC.wouldnthavegoneD.hadntgone,11.WhydidntTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?Ididntwantone,buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI_.A.doB.wouldC.willD.had12.Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthegaragedoor?No,ifhehad,Idontbelieve_brokenthelivingroomwindow.A.wouldhehaveB.hehadC.hewouldhaveD.hehas,13._Idhavetoldyou.IfIwouldhaveknownitB.IfIhadhaveknownitC.HadIknownitD.shouldIknowit14.Itisraining,andIhavenoumbrella.Heresmine,andIinsist_it.A.youtotakeB.thatyoutakeC.thatyoutakingD.youtaking,15.Theprofessorgaveordersthatthetest_before5:30.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.willbefin