定语从句中关系代词和关系副词使用的区别

,定语从句中关系代词和关系副词使用的区别,在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定语从句的引导词,关系代词,关系副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语),where(地点状语),when(时间状语),why(原因状语),如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,一,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。,Iwillneverforgetthedays(_Istayedwithyou).,when,_,_,JurassicParkisaboutapark_(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).,_,_,where,1958wastheyear_(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).,_,_,Pleasegivemethereason_(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).,_,_,when,why,Morningisthebesttime_(youpractisereadingaloud).,_,_,when,Doyourememberthelake_(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）,_,_,where,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。,Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_(thegreatwriterusedtolive).,_,_,where,inwhich,Thehouse_(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.,which/that,_,_,Luckilynoneofthepeople_(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.,whowhomthat/,_,_,Myfatherwasbornintheyear_(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout).,_,_,inwhich,when,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。可以归到第一条,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).,where,October1stistheday_(newChinawasfounded).,when,Thewindow(_wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.,whichthat,Themeeting(_willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.,whichthat,定语从句中关系副词的使用,二,1.定语从句中关系副词有：when,where,why2.关系副词在定语从句中所作的成份：关系副词在定语从句中都作状语。when作时间状语；where作地点状语；why作原因状语。如：,Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.,when作时间状语，意为ontheday,where作地点状语，意为intheplace,why作原因状语，意为forthereason,3.并非先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词时都用when,where,why，若先行词在定语从句中不作状语，而是作主语或宾语，就必须用which或that。如：Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.,which在定语从句中作宾语,比较:Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于onthedays。,Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.比较:Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.,Thisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim.,关系副词where,（1）Thisisthefactory_Ivisitedlastyear.（2）Thisisthefactory_Iworkedlastyear.（3）Thisisthefactory_producesallkindsofTVsets.A.whereB.whichC.whomD.whose,（1）和（3）选B.which。（2）选A.where。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系；（1）中是动宾关系，即Ivisitedthefactory，因此选which。（2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：Iworkedinthefactory，因此选where。（3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。,TheyllneverforgetJuly1_HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays_weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.,when,=onwhich,when,=onwhich,关系副词when,试比较：,Doyoustillremembertheday_wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday_wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday_wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?,(which/that),when,when,（4）Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.（5）Iwillneverforgettheday_weworkedtogether.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what,（4）选A.which。（5）选B.when,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.,关系副词why,关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at/during+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which,总结,介词的位置,三,介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwontforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idontknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.,关系代词的省略（口语中）,四,介词后置时，关系代词还可以省去，特别是在口语中。如：,Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?Thepencil(which/that)hewaswritingwithsuddenlybroke.,是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?,五,Thepainting(_Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.,atwhich,Thebook(_Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.,aboutwhich,Thepen(_shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.,withwhich,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).,where/inwhich,Iwillneverforgottheday_Ifirstmetyouontheship.,onwhich/when,duringwhich,Thefilm(_Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.,结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。,找准定语从句的先行词,六,定语从句必须有先行词，否则就不是定语从句。误：Isthisfarmwevisitedlastweek?该句中定语从句就缺少先行词，将句子还原为陈述句：Thisfarmis_wevisitedlastweek.显然应加上theone作先行词。正：Isthisfarmtheonewevisitedlastweek?当然，这句话改为下面这种形式也是正确的：Isthisthefarmwevisitedlastweek?,（6）Isthislibrary_youoftenreadin?（7）Isthisthelibrary_youoftenreadin?A.theoneB.inwhichC.whereD.which,（6）选A.theone。（7）选D.which。做这种题时，应该先把原句子变为陈述句：（6）为：Thislibraryis_youoftenreadin.此句缺先行词，需要加上，因此选A.theone。（7）为：Thisisthelibrary_youoftenreadin.此题关系词作readin的宾语，故选D.which。,（8）Thisisthereason_hewasabsent.（9）Thisisthereason_canexplainhisabsence.A.whichB.whyC.whenD.inwhich,（8）选B.why，相当于forwhich，作原因状语。（9）选A.which，在定语从句中作主语。,介词的选用原则,七,preposition+relativepronouns,1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.,Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.,Thegas_wecannotliveiscalledoxygen,Theperson_youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.,towhom,withwhich,withoutwhich,根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8yuan.,spendmoneyonsth.为固定搭配,paymoneyforsth.为固定搭配,2)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.,强调在具体某一天要用介词on,强调在某几天时间内要用介词during,在month前介词要用in,3)根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?4)根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImnotsure？,4.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。如：Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.,正,误,Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.,正,误,5.以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idontliketheway(that/inwhich/-)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。,6.“介词+关系代词”前或后还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。,Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)havegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.我们班总共有40个学生，大多数来自大城市。,Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhich(=ofwhichthree)areaboutcountrylife.迄今为止，他写了10部小说，其中部是关于农村生活的。,Haveyoumettheperson_hewasspeaking?Heistheman_youcanturnforhelp.,Thefarm_weworkedthenyearsagoisntwhatitusedtobe.Thisisthetree_weusedtoplaygames.,Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas_wecannotliveiscalledoxygen.,Moreexamples,aboutwhom,towhom,onwhich,underwhich,withwhich,withoutwhich,whose,八,whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,Useaprepositionandarelativepronoun,whom/which,tocompletethefollowingsentences.,Thebook_Iheardwaswrittentwentyyearsago.Thepeople_themanspokewerentlistening.Thefilm_Ifellasleepwasveryboring.Thepen_shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum.Thelittlecreature_scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.Thegun_hewasshotwasneverfound.,aboutwhich,towhom,duringwhich,withwhich,inwhich,withwhich,填空：1.Lookatthatlady_nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney_Ihad.,whose,(whom/that/who),which/that,who,that,6.Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,_westayedfor2hours.,that,that,that,when,where,Thisistheplace_Istayedfortwodays.Themoment_shewonthegoldmedalwasshownonTV.Thefactory_heworkedhasbeenpulleddown.Thefactory_wearegoingtovisitproduceswatches.Thereason_heexplainedtohisfatherwasafalseone.Thereason_hewaslateis_hehadbeencaughtinthetraffic.,where,when,where,(which/that),(which/that),why,that,练习题,1、All_isusefultousisgood.,A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether,C,2、Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek.,A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theone,D,3、Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,4、Thisistheschool_myfatherworked20yearsago.,A、thatB、whenC、whichD、where,D,5、Thisistheveryfactory_wevisitedlastyear.,A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theone,A,6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_learntinthepastthreedays.,A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeen,B,7、Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、which,B,8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、which,A,9、Theman_youaretalkingisinthenextroom.,A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whom,B,10、Thisisthelastfactory_heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.,A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;that,C,11、Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.,A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、want,B,15、Idontliketheway_hespoketome.,A、bythatB、whatC、bywhichD、/,D,16、Thisistheonlything_Icandonow.,A、whatB、whichC、thatD、all,C,18、Hetoldmethereason_hedidntcomehere.,A、whichB、thatC、whyD、what,C,19、Thisisthereason_hetoldme.