起动控制电路分解.ppt

三相异步电动机起动控制电路,起动转矩起动转矩必须大于负载转矩，电动机才能拖动负载一起起动，而且两者差值越大，起动过程所需时间越少。起动电流因为起动电流远大于额定电流，很大的起动电流会引起输电线上电压降的增加，造成供电电压的明显下降，不仅影响同一供电系统中其他负载的工作，而且会延长电动机的起动时间。此外在起动过于频繁时，还会引起电动机过热，在这两种情况下，就必须设法降低起动电流。,一、起动性能,1、笼型异步电动机的起动方法（1）直接起动对容量较小，并且工作要求简单的电动机，如小型台钻、砂轮机、冷却泵的电动机可用手动开关在动力电路中接通电源直接起动.一般中小型机床的主电动机采用接触器直接起动。优点：电气设备少，线路简单，维修量小。缺点：启动电流较大（47）IN，电源变压器容量不够大而电动机功率较大时，直启将导致电源变压器输出电压下降，不仅会减小电动机本身启动转矩，还会影响同一供电线路中其他电气设备的正常工作（故较大容量电动机启动时需采用降压启动）能够直接启动的电动机范围规定：电源容量在180kW以上，电动机功率7kW以下的三相异步电动机可采用直接启动。,二、起动方法(一),判断电动机能否直接启动，还可利用下面直接启动的经验公式：,全电压启动电流,4电动机额定功率,电动机额定电流,电源变压器容量（KW）,不满足条件的，均采用降压启动,例题：学校配电室变压器容量为1250KW，校内实习场有台三相异步电动机，其额定功率为50KW，全压启动电流为45安培，额定电流为10安培，问：这台电机能否全压启动？,全电压启动电流,4电动机额定功率,电动机额定电流,电源变压器容量(KW),思考：实际条件满足条件吗？,不满足,考虑公式,答案是：可以全压启动,二、起动方法,（2）降压起动容量大于10KW的笼型异步电动机直接启动时，起动冲击电流为额定值的4-7倍，故一般均需采用相应措施降低电压，即减小与电枢电压成正比的电枢电流，从而在电路中不至于产生过大的电压降。优点：由于电流随电压的降低而减小，故减少了启动电流。缺点：由于电动机转矩与电压的平方成正比，所以降压启动也将导致电动机的启动转矩大为降低。因此降压启动要在空载或轻载状态下启动。,笼型异步电动机常用的降压启动方式：定子绕组串电阻降压启动控制线路自耦变压器降压启动控制线路Y-降压启动控制线路,绕线型异步电动机的起动方法转子电路串联电阻起动转子电路串联频敏变阻器起动,二、起动方法,三、起动电路定子串电阻降压起动控制,控制要求：电动机M起动时定子线路串联电阻R，以实现降压起动，电动机起动后，恢复额定电压进入稳定正常运转。实现方法：（1）接触器KM1闭合，电动机M定子线路串电阻降压起动。（2）接触器KM2闭合，电动机正常运转。（3）时间继电器KT通电开始计时，当达到时间继电器的整定值时，KM2闭合。优点：控制线路简单；启动过程平滑；不受定子绕组的接法的限制。缺点：启动转矩下降大；电能损耗大。,三、起动电路定子串电阻降压起动控制:,在电动机启动时，把电阻串接在电动机定子绕组与电源之间，通过电阻的分压作用来降低定子绕组上的启动电压。待电动机启动后，再将电阻短接，使电动机在额定电压下正常运行。电动机从降压启动到全压运转是由操作人员操作转换开关QS2来实现，工作既不方便也不可靠。因此实际的控制线路常采用时间继电器来自动完成短接电阻的要求，以实现自动控制。,1、手动控制定子绕组串接电阻降压启动线路的原理：,2、时间继电器自动控制线路,1）线路组成：用按钮、时间继电器、接触器来控制电动机串联电阻控制电路。线路特点：用接触器KM2主触头代替了“手动控制串联电阻降压启动电路”中的开关QS2来短接电阻R，用时间继电器KT来控制电动机从降压启动到全压启动的时间，从而实现了自动控制.,2、时间继电器自动控制线路,控制电路之1,控制电路之2,2、时间继电器自动控制线路,A图电动机进入正常运行后，KM1、KT始终通电工作，不但消耗了电能，而且增加了出现故障的几率。若发生时间继电器触点不动作故障，将使电动机长期在降压下运行，造成电动机无法正常工作，甚至烧毁电动机。B图KM2的线圈得电后，KM1的状态不影响电路的工作状态，但为了节省能源和增加电器的使用寿命，KM1和KT用KM1的动断辅助触头使其断开。,M3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,FR,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,合上电源开关QS,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,降压启动:按下SB1KM1线圈得电,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,松开SB1,继续电动机降压启动,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KT延时闭合,KM2线圈得电,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM2联锁触头断开,对KM1联锁,KM1线圈失电,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM2自锁触头闭合,自锁KM2主触头闭合,电阻被短路,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁KM1主触头闭合,电动机降压启动KM1动合辅助触头闭合,KT线圈得电,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1自锁触头断开,解除自锁KM1主触头断开，电动机全压运行KM1动合辅助触头断开,KT线圈失电,KT延时闭合触头瞬时断开,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM1,KM2,SB1,SB2,KM1,KM2,KM1,KM2,U,V,W,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,停：按下SB2,M3,FR,FR,2.时间继电器控制串联电阻降压启动,KT,2）线路工作过程：,闭合电源开关QS,KM1线圈得电,电动机M串电阻R降压启动,KT线圈得电,KT常开触点延时闭合,KM2线圈得电,KM1线圈失电,KM1的触点全部复位,KT线圈失电,KT常开触点瞬时分断,电动机M全压运行,通过分析，只要调整好KT触头动作时间，电动机由降压启动切换成全压运行的过程就能准确可靠自动完成。启动电阻R：采用ZX1、ZX2系列铸铁电阻。串电阻降压启动缺点：减小了电动机启动转矩，启动时电阻消耗功率较大。若启动频繁，则电阻温度很高，对精密机床会产生一定影响。,三、起动电路自耦变压器降压启动控制线路,自耦变压器降压启动：在电动机启动时利用自耦变压器来降低加在电动机定子绕组上的启动电压。待电动机启动后，再使电动机与自耦变压器脱离，从而在全压下正常运行。优点：优点：启动电流较小；不受定子绕组接法的限制。缺点：启动设备体积大，笨重。价格高，维修不方便。,自耦变压器降压启动原理图,1.手动自耦降压启动器,QJD3系列手动自耦降压启动器外形及电路图,QJ10系列空气式手动自耦降压启动器电路图,2.XJ01系列自耦降压启动箱,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,FR,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KT,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,TM,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,合上电源开关QS,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,按SB2KM1线圈得电,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1联锁触头分断，对KM3联锁，KM1主触头闭合，自耦变压器TM联结成星形KM1动合辅助触头闭合，KM2线圈得电，KT线圈得电,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM2主触头闭合，电动机M接入电机降压启动KM2动合辅助触头闭合，自锁，松开SB2,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KT延时断开的动断触头延时分断KM1线圈失电KT延时闭合的动合触头延时闭合,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM1线圈失电KM1动合触头分断KM1主触头分断电动机M失电惯性运行KM1联锁触头闭合,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3线圈得电KM3自锁触头闭合，自锁M3主触头闭合电动机M全压运行,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3联锁触头分断KM2线圈失电KM2主触头分断KM2自锁触头分断,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,KT延时断开的动断触头瞬时闭合KT延时闭合的动合触头瞬时断开,TM,FR,KT,U1,V1,W1,KM3,SB2,KM1,KT,KM2,SB1,KM3,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,KM3,QS,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM1,停：按SB1,TM,FR,KT,起动原理电路图,三、起动电路星形-三角形降压起动控制线路,星形-三角形降压起动控制线路起动电流,三角形连接,星形连接,即：电动机起动时定子绕组连成星形，起动后转速升高，当转速基本达到额定值时再切换成三角形连接的起动方法。,手柄上打，定子绕组形运行,手柄下打，定子绕组成Y形起动,优点：起动电流降为全压起动时的1/3；,适用范围,正常运行时定子绕组为三角形连接，且每相绕组都有两个引出端子的电机。,三相异步电动机,Y-起动器,闭合电源开关，为电机通电做好准备,Y起动只能用于正常运行时为形接法的电动机。,星形-三角形降压起动控制线路起动原理,手动控制Y降压启动控制线路,QX1型手动Y启动器,星形-三角形降压起动控制线路动作演示,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,电路组成分析,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,星形-三角形降压起动控制线路起动原理,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,合上电源开关QS,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,动作过程分析,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,按下SB1,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM2,KM1,KT线圈得电,KM2线圈得电,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM2,KM1,KT开始计时,KM2主触头闭合,KM2常开闭合,KM2常闭断开,KM1线圈得电,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM2,KM1,KM1主触头闭合,KM1常开闭合,电动机起动,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM2,KM1,定时时间到,KT常闭断开,KM2线圈失电,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM2,KM1,KM2主触头断开,KM2常开断开,KM2常闭闭合,KM3线圈得电,KT线圈失电,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM2,KM1,KM3主触头闭合,KM3常闭断开,KT常闭闭合,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,QS,FR,SB1,SB2,KM1,KT,KM3,KM2,KM3,KM1,KM3,FR,U1,V1,W1,M3,按下SB2,KM2,W2,U2,V2,KM2,KT,KM1,KM1,星形-三角形降压起动控制线路动作描述,按下SB1,KM2线圈得电,KT线圈得电,KM2常开闭合,KM2主触头闭合,KM2常闭断开，对KM3联锁,电机接成Y型减压起动,KM2主触头断开，解除Y接,KM2常开断开,KM2常闭闭合,KM2线圈失电,电机接成型全压运行,KM1线圈得电,KM1主触头闭合,KM1常开闭合,KT延时时间到,KT延时常闭断开,KT失电,KM3线圈得电,KM3常闭断开，对KM2联锁,KM3主触头闭合,三相鼠笼式异步电动机采用Y降压启动的优点是定子绕组Y形接法时，启动电流为三角形接法时的1/3，因而启动电流特性好，线路较简单，投资少。其缺点是启动转矩也相应下降为三角形接法的1/3，转矩特性差。,星形-三角形降压起动控制线路优缺点,三、起动方法延边降压启动控制线路,启动时，把定子三相绕组的一部分联接成三角形，另一部分联接成星形，每相绕组上所承受的电压，比三角形联接时的相电压要低，比星形联接时的相电压要高，电动机延边三角形降压启动，待电动机启动运转后，再将绕组联接三角形，全压运行。,延边三角形降压启动电动机定子绕组的联接方式,原始状态,U1,U2,U3,W3,W1,W2,V2,V3,V1,延边三角形降压启动电动机定子绕组的联接方式,启动时,U1,U2,U3,W3,W1,W2,V2,V3,V1,延边三角形降压启动电动机定子绕组的联接方式,正常运转时,U1,U2,U3,W3,W1,W2,V2,V3,V1,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,QS,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,电路组成分析,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,QS,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,合上电源开关QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,按SB2KM3线圈得电,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,KM3联锁触头分断，对KM2联锁KM3主触头闭合联结成延边三角形KM动合辅助触头闭合,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,KM1线圈得电KM1自锁触头闭合,自锁,松开SB2KM1主触头闭合,电动机延边三角形降压启动,KT线圈得电,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KT线圈得电KT延时断开的动断触头延时分断,KM3线圈失电KT延时闭合的动合触头延时闭合，KM2线圈得电,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3线圈失电KM3动合触头分断，KM3主触头分断，电动机失电惯性运行KM2线圈得电KM2自锁触头闭合，自锁,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM2主触头闭合，电动机全电运行KM2联锁触头断开，KT线圈失电,KT触头复位,KM3,FU1,FU2,QS,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,KT,KM2,SB2,KM3,KM1,KT,SB1,KM2,L1L2L3,FU1,FU2,FR,KM1,KM2,U1,V1,W1,QS,KM1,KM2,W3,U3,V3,W2,U2,V2,KM3,KT,KM3,KM3,停:按下SB1,延边三角形降压启动控制原理,M3,三相鼠笼式异步电动机降压起动方法的比较,四、绕线转子异步电动机的起动控制电路,异步电动机的转子绕组，除了笼形以外还有绕线转子式，故称绕线转子异步电动机。三相绕线转子异步电动机的优点是可以通过滑环在转子绕组中串接外加电阻和频敏变阻器，来达到减小起动电流、提高转子电路的功率因素和增加起动转矩的目的。在一般要求起动转矩较高的场合，绕线式异步电动机得到了广泛的应用。调节转子回路电阻的方法很多，有分段调节和连续调节两种。分段调节有时间原则调节，电流原则调节，速度原则调节以及综合原则调节等。连续调节有频敏变阻器、变阻器、水电阻器调节等多种方式。,四、绕线转子异步电动机的起动控制电路,串接在三相转子绕组中的起动电阻，一般都接成星形接线。在起动前，起动电阻全部接入电路，在起动过程中，起动电阻被逐步地短接。短接的方式有三相电阻平衡短接法和三相电阻不平衡短接法两种。不平衡短接是每相的起动电阻轮流被短接，平衡短接是三相的起动电阻同时被短接。串接在绕线转子异步电动机转子回路中的起动电阻，无论采用不平衡或平衡短接法，其作用基本相同。对于凸轮控制器，各对触头闭合顺序一般按不平衡短接法设计，这样使得控制电路简单，采用不平衡短接法。凡是起动电阻用接触器来短接时，全部采用平衡短接法。,（1）时间原则控制绕线型电动机转子串电阻的起动控制电路,时间原则控制绕线型电动机转子串电阻起动控制电路,L1L2L3,FU1,KM1,FU2,KH,SB2,QS,SB1,KM2,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,KM,R1,KT1,KT2,KT3,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KH,电路组成分析,L1L2L3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动KT1线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT1延时闭合触头闭合KM1线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM1触头闭合绕线转子串联R2,R3启动KT2线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT2延时闭合触头闭合KM2线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM2触头闭合绕线转子串联R3启动KT3线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KT3延时闭合触头闭合KM3线圈得电,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM3触头闭合绕线转子切除全部电阻运行,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,M3,SB2,SB1,KM3,KM,KM,KT3,KM2,KM1,KM3,KM2,KM1,R1,R2,R3,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM3,KT1,KT2,KM3动断触头断开KT1线圈失电KT1触头断开KM1线圈失电KM1触头断开KT2线圈失电KT2触头断开电动机继续运转,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM,KT1,KT2,KT3,FU1,FU2,KH,QS,KH,（1）时间原则控制绕线型电动机转子串电阻的起动控制电路,上图为按时间原则控制绕线型电动机转子串电阻起动控制电路。图中KM1KM3为短接转子电阻接触器，KM4为电源接触器，KT1KT3为时间继电器。电路工作情况：合上电源开关QS，按下起动按钮SB2，接触器KM4线圈通电并自锁，KT1同时通电，KT1常开触头延时闭合，接触器KM1通电动作，使转子回路中KM1常开触头闭合，切除第一级起动电阻R1，同时使KT2通电，KT2常开触头延时闭合，KM2通电动作，切除第二级起动电阻R2，同时使KT3通电，KT3常开触头延时闭合，KM3通电并自锁，切除第三级起动电阻R3，KM3的另一副常闭触点断开，使KT1线圈失电，进而KT1的常开触头瞬时断开，使KM1、KT2、KM2、KT3依次断电子释放，恢复原位。只有接触器KM3保持工作状态，电动机的起动过程结束，进行正常运转。,（2）电流原则控制绕线型电动机转子串电阻的起动控制电路,电流原则控制绕线型电动机转子串电阻的起动控制电路,L1L2L3,FU1,3,FU2,KH,SB2,QS,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KH,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,电路组成分析,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,合上QS按下SB1KM线圈得电,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,SB1,KM,KM,KA1,KM2,KM,R2,R1,KA2,KA1,KA,KM3,KA3,R3,KA3,KM1,KM1,KM2,KM3,KA2,KA,KM,KM1,KM2,KM3,KM触头闭合绕线转子串联全部电阻启动K线圈得电,FU2,KH,QS,KH,L1L2L3,FU1,3,SB2,S