初中非谓语动词

非谓语动词,初中英语语法,Theoldmenenjoy_(listen)tothesingingofthebirdsinthepark.2.Mysisterisinterestedin_inherfreetime.A.watchTVB.readingbooksC.listeningmusicD.playsbasketball3.Letme_(help)you_(water)theflowers.4.Isawhim_intothesmallstore.A.wentB.goingC.togoD.hasgone5.Heisgoodat_.A.singingB.singC.singsD.tosing,热身练习,listening,B,B,help,water,A,非谓语动词,1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。,Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Iamreadinganovel.,ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn.Seeingisbelieving.,Pleasestopspeaking.,（谓语）,（谓语）,（状语）,（主语和表语）,（宾语）,2.非谓语动词的特点,1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。,Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.,2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。,ThePartycalledonustoservethepeople.,Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,laughinghappily.,非谓语动词分为三种形式:,不定式：to+动词原形动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）,动词+doing介词+doing,doing,动名词,只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：,喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习错过建议保持介意值得考虑,喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习,enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事spend.doingsth.花费做某事bebusydoingsth.忙于做imaginesb.doingsth.想象做某事canthelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事,missdoingsth.错过做某事suggestdoingsth.建议做某事keep(on)doingsth.保持（继续）做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事,错过建议保持介意值得考虑,begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事beinterestedindoingsth.对做某事感兴趣beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事thanksb.fordoingsth.谢谢某人做某事betiredofdoingsth.厌烦做某事beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事,介词+doing,putoffdoing推迟做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事withoutdoingsth.没有做某事thinkaboutdoingsth.考虑做某事WhatHowaboutdoing做某事怎么样?,此to非彼to,lookforwardtodoingsth.（盼望）payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）beusedtodoingsth.（习惯于）preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜欢）devotetodoingsth（致力于）makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）,小试牛刀,1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy_abouttheInternet.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learned2.-Itstoohot.Wouldyoumind_thedoor?-_.Pleasedoit.A.toopen;OKB.opening;CertainlynotC.opening;OfcourseD.toopen;Goodidea3.Nomatterhowharditis,wellkeep_untilwemakeit.A.failedB.failingC.triedD.trying,C,B,D,4.-Areyouenjoying_inNingbo?-Yes,weare.Verymuch.A.toliveB.livingC.livesD.lived5Wecouldnthelp_(laugh)afterweheardthefunnystoryA.tolaughB.laughingC.laughsD.laughed,B,B,肯定式:todo否定式:nottodo省略to的:do,动词不定式,动词不定式,基本形式：to+动词原形（在某些情况下可以不带to）,特点：A.没有人称和数的变化,C.有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为tobe+动词过去分词）,B.可以有自己的宾语和状语,动词不定式用法,A、作主语，如:,Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.=Itsnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.,注意1：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。,注意2:不定式的逻辑主语：,不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。,IpromisedTomtoplaywithhim.Iaskedhimtoplaywithme.,（toplay的逻辑主语是I）（toplay的逻辑主语是him）,注意3:,同一句型中不同介词的不同含义,Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth,（for引出动作发出者）,（of引出adj修饰的对象）,Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.,Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.Itsimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,注意：常用在of句型中的adj有：,kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,careless,stupid,naughty(淘气的),polite,impolite,silly,brave,honest,noble，right,rude等,Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.,youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.,B、作表语，如,Theimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.,作宾语,C、,动词+todo,动词+疑问词+todo,动词+it(形式宾语）+宾补+todo,常见动词有agree,decide,fail,hope,wish,want,plan等,Idontknowwhattodo.,IfinditimportanttolearnEnglish.,只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：,决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事,决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事,decidetodosth.决定做某事wantwouldliketodosth.想做某事plantodosth.计划做某needtodosth.需要做某事agreetodosth.同意做某事affordtodo能做某事beusedtodo被用来做,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事,cantwaittodo迫不及待地要做某事makeuponesmindtodo下决心做某事usedtodo过去常常做某事failtodo未能做某事,D、动词不定式作宾语补足语,作宾补,动词+宾语+todo,动词+宾语+do,LiMeiaskedmetoshowherthenewdictionary.,注：有以上结构的常用动词有tell.wish,ask,want,like,beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise等。,(不带to的不定式),注：常用的动词是：感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice；使役动词have,make,let.,接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：,请求与命令想要邀请期待鼓励与建议答应告诫允许提醒和帮助,请求与命令,asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事tellsb.todosth.命令某人做某事,想要邀请期待鼓励与建议,wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事,答应告诫允许提醒和帮助,promisesb.todo答应某人做某事warnsb.nottodosth.告诫某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事,F、作定语：（必须后置）,IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtohearthenewsHehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim，youwouldlikehim,(目的),(原因),(结果),(条件),Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.,注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,Heislookingforaroomtolivein,Thereisnothingtoworryabout,Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith,G、不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where,how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语表语、宾语等。,Hedidntknowwhattosay.MyquestioniswhentostartHowtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant,(宾语)(表语)（主语）,注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。,Whynothavearest?,动词不定式几点注意事项：,1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to,Ialwayssawherplayviolin.,Hewasmadetowork12hoursaday.,动词不定式省略to的情况:,使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看：feel/hear,listento/let,make,have,/lookat,see,watch,noticehadbetter（not）dosth.最好(不)做whynot/whydontyoudosth为什么不做?helpsb.（to）dosth帮助某人做Wouldrather（not）dosth.宁愿(不)做wouldyouplease（not）dosth.请你(不)要做情态动词+do助动词+do,感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel,+do表示动作的完整性，+doing表示动作的进行性。注意：被动语态中不能省去to。,区分下列词组:,seesb.doing/dosth.hearsb.doing/dosth.watchsb.doing/dosth.noticesb.doing/dosth.,特殊词精讲:,stopdoing/todo,stoptodo停下来去做另一件事，stopdoing停止正在做的某事。他们停下来吸烟。Theystoptosmoke.我必须戒烟了Imuststopsmoking.,forgettodo忘记要去做某事，forgetdoing忘记做过某事。办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）Heforgotturningthelightoff.,forgetdoing/todo,rememberdoing/todo,remembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得做过某事记着放学后去趟邮局。Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.你不记得以前见过那个人吗?Dontyourememberseeingthemanbefore?,goondoing/todo,goontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，goondoing继续做原来做的事。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Goondoingotherexercisesafteryouhavefinishedthisone.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习,trydoing/todosth.,trytodosth.努力,尽力做某事Althoughmathsisdifficult,Iwilltrytostudyit.trydoingsth.试着做某事Themachinecouldntwork.Letstryrepairingit.,2、动词不定式的否定形式为：not+todo,Mr.Smithaskedtheboy_(notplay)thiskindofgame.,nottoplay,Pleasehavehim_(notdo)somuchhousework.,notdo,3、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。,Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?(Akeyunlocksthedoor),4、不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。,Ihavegotalettertowrite,(Iwritealetter),Heneedsaroomtolivein,(Helivesinaroom),5、不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了forone或forpeople,Heishardtotalkto,Thebookisdifficulttounderstand,Thequestioniseasytoanswer,现在分词与过去分词,两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：1.在时态上：现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。2.在语态上：现在分词表示主动；而过去分词表示被动。总之，现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成。在句法功能上它们都可以作定语、表语、状语和宾补，它们的具体区别如下：,分词,1、作定语时,1.现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如：ThesleepingboyisTom.2.现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如：Tellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.=Tellthechildrenwhoareplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.,1.现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示已经完成。developingcountry发展中国家(正在发展的）developedcountry发达国家（已发展的）boilingwater沸水（正在沸腾的水）boiledwater开水（已烧开了的水，可能已凉了）fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶(已落下的树叶）,现在分词强调动作正在进行，侧重于主动。过去分词强调动作已经完成，侧重于被动；,2.现在分词表示主动；过去分词表示被动。例如：amovingfilm一部感人的电影（主动）themovedpeople被感动的人们（被动）现在分词表示“令人感到”，指主语和被修饰词给人的感觉，过去分词表示“感到”，指主语和被修饰词的感觉。anexcitinggame一场令人感到激动的比赛theexcitedpeople感到激动的人们,Hesawa_birdandraisedhisbow.A.flyB.flyingC.flewD.tobeflying,分析：B。表示正在进行的动作，句意是：正在飞的鸟。此处的aflyingbirdabirdwhichwasflying。,Iwassatisfiedwiththe_speech.A.exciteB.excitingC.excitedD.beexcited,分析：B。表示被修饰词speech的性质和特征，此处的theexcitingspeechthespeechthat/whichwasexciting。,2、作表语时,共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,1.-HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?-Well,hisfatherseems_withhisresults.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease2.-Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?-Theygotvery_.A.exciteB.excitedC.ExcitedlyD.exciting,简析：首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分在句中应作表语。因为seems在此句中用作连系动词;再根据hisfather对于动词please来说应是被动关系,即这个结果使他的父亲高兴;换言之,他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此,该题应选C。,简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。,3、作宾语补足语时,现在分词与句子的宾语是主动关系，它所表示的动作往往正在进行；过去分词与句子的宾语是被动关系，它所表示的动作往往已经完成。,Ifoundthempaintingthewindows.（现在分词表主动、进行）Ifoundthewindowspainted.（过去分词表被动、完成）,牛刀小试,1.Mymotheroftenasksme_somecleaningonSundaysAdoB.doesC.didD.todo2.DoyouoftenhearJohn_inhisroom?Listen!Nowwecanhearhim_inhisroom.A.sing,tosingB.sing,singC.sing,singingD.tosing,singing,D,C,3.Iwatchedher_inthenextroomlastnight.A.dancingB.todanceC.dancesD.dance4.Lets_swimmingaftertheexam.A.goB.goesC.togoD.went5.Youdbetter_abus.A.tocatchB.catchC.catchesD.catching,D,A,B,1.Ididntspendalthemoney_(buy)thebooks.,2.Doyouhaveanything_(say)atthemeeting?,3.YesterdayIsawawallet_(lie)ontheground.,4.Themanranout_(see)whatwaswrong.,5.Shewasoftenheard_(sing)inEnglish.,6.Stop_(read),please.Ivesomethingtotellyou.,7.Theboy_(call)LiHuaintheroomishisbrother.,buying,tosay,lying,tosee,tosing,reading,called,用所给词的正确形式填空,8.Thegirl_(stand)underthetreeismycousinKate.9.Books_(write)ineasyEnglishareverypopularamongChinesemiddleschoolstudents.10.Whydidyoukeepyourbrother_(wait)foralongtimethatevening?11.Iprefer_(read)booksathomeratherthan_(go)shoppingonSundays.12.Hedidntfinish_(write)thebookuntillastweek.13.LiLeiisaskinghisuncle,anEnglishteacher,_(help)himthinkofaforeignname.,standing,written,waiting,toread,go,writing,tohelp,拓展精练,1.Martinlookssowell.Weveneverseenhim_sowellbefore.A.islookedB.islookingC.tolookD.look2.Myfatherhasdecided_becausesmokingisbadforhishealth.A.tostoptosmokeB.tostopsmokingC.stoppingsmokingD.stoptosmoke3Itiskind_metocarrythesebooks.A.ofyouhelpingB.foryoutohelpC.ofyoutohelpD.foryouhelping,D,B,C,4Wouldyoulike_somebreadorbiscuits?Nothanks.Idontfeellike_anythingnow.A.tohave,eatingB.tohave,toeatC.having,toeatD.having,eating5.Doyourememberme,Tom?Ah,yes,Iremembered_youinJUSCOlastyear.A.seeB.seesC.toseeD.seeing,A,D,6.Weareinterestedin_toswim.A.studyB.studyingC.learnD.learning7.Mygrandfatherwants_aroundtheworldbecauseheenjoys_newplaces.A.traveling,seeingB.totravel,toseeC.totravel,seeingD.traveling,tosee,D,C,8.Jackgivesmeapieceofpaper_.A.towriteB.towriteonC.towriteatD.towritein9.Letsmakeafire_ourselvesup.A.towarmB.warmingC.warmD.warmed10.WhenIwaswalkinginthefield,Isawaplane_overmyhead.A.flewB.fliesC.flyingD.fling,B,A,C,11.Thankyouforussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching12.IoftendosomeonSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes13.TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called14.Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome.A.walkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks15.Dontforgethercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give,D,C,D,B,A,16.IthinkitisimportantEnglishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned17.Thefunnystorymadeusallhard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed18.Ourteachertoldushardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked19.Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatread,C,A,A,B,20.Idontknownext.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit21.Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveitthisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted22.Rememberlastforclassagain.A.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome23.MrSmithaskedthemanthequeue.A.notjumpB.didntjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjump,A,A,C,C,14.Whynotwithus?Yousee,itsvery.A.go;interestedB.go;interestingC.togo;interestedD.going;interesting15.Whatabouttothecinematonight?-Thatsagoodidea.Idlikewithyou.A.going;goingB.togo;togoC.going;togoD.go;going16.Everyonehereisbusyreadforthecomingentrancetests.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.gets,B,C,C,17.weveworkedfortwohours.Letsarest.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving18.Wouldyoumindmeafavour（恩惠）？A.doB.togoC.doingD.did19.MrWangaskedmehim.A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping20.PleasetellJimnotlateagain.A.toB.beC.tobeD.beto,A,C,C,C,23.Pleasedontforgettome,willyou?A.towriteB.writingC.write,22.Theboywantshisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon.A.askingB.toaskC.askD.asked,21.MissYangaskedtheboy,thebabywassleepingintheroom.A.tostoptosingB.tostopsingingC.stopsingingD.stoptosing,B,B,A,25.Itsaboutsixoclock,Letssuppernow.A.stophavingB.tostophavingC.stoptohaveD.tostoptohave26.Wedbetterontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.dontplay,24.MotherdecidedTomawayfromschool.A.tokeepnotB.keepnotC.nottokeepD.notkeep,C,C,B,A.,27.LiuMeihelpedtheTurnerstheirticketsonthetrain.A.pickB.lookupC.pickupD.looklike28.Ioftenseethemwithsomeforeigners.A.talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked,C,A,29.DoyoustillremembermesomewhereBeijing?Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw30.Parentsmustwarntheirchildren.A.toplaywithfireB.nottoplaywithfireC.ofplayingfireD.playingfire,C,B,1.,31.ThismorningIsawamanonthestreetonmyway.A.lives;thereB.lived;toschoolC.lying;toschoolD.tolie;home.32.Hehasgivenuptennissincehewasill.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.plays33.-Willyoucom