形容词和副词比较级.ppt

形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)的原级，比较级，最高级的用法,形容词：用于修饰名词或代词，描述被修饰成分的性质、特征、状态或属性等。Eg.Thisisagoodbook.(修饰名词book)Sheisbeautiful.(修饰代词she),副词：主要用于修饰动词、形容词和副词，整个句子，描述被修饰成分的特征或状态。Eg.Jimplaysbasketballwell.(修饰动词play)Sheisverybeautiful.(修饰形容词beautiful)Jimplaysbasketballverywell.(修饰副词well),Exercises:1.Weshouldhavea_diet.(health)2.Weshouldnteat_food.(health)3.Iwouldliketohave_ricedumplings.(salt)4.Thoughmygrandpaisover80,hestilllives_.(health)5.Theteachermadea_tousjustnow.(suggest)6.Tomlooks_inthatblueovercoat.(fun),healthy,unhealthy,salty,healthily,suggestion,funny,7.Ilike_fish(steam)becauseittastes_.(taste)8.Youcanbuyice-creaminthe_foodsection.(freeze)9.Peopleusuallywearheavycoatsin_weather.(freeze)10.Donttalk_inclass.(loud),steamed,tasty,frozen,freezing,loudly,形容词和副词的比较等级（假设A和B为进行比较的人或事物）,1、原级：使用形容词或副词原形，表示A与B一样（或不一样）as+形容词、副词的原级+as;notas/so形容词、副词的原级as;notas-as,2、比较级：使用形容词或副词比较级形式，表示A与B二者相比哪一个更。用than连接。,3、最高级：使用形容词或副词最高级形式，表示三者（或三者以上）相比哪一个最。in+地点范围；of+与主语一致的范围,形容词或副词比较级和最高级的构成1）规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词词尾加er/est变为比较级/最高级。（加er/est方法与动词变过去式加ed方法相同）。Eg.talltaller/tallestnicenicer/nicestbigbigger/biggesteasyeasier/easiestclevercleverer/cleverest(clever双音节)多音节词和一些双音节词在该词前加more/most变为比较级/最高级。以ly结尾的副词除early以及不规则变化外，也应加more/most。Eerestingmore/mostinterestingcarefulmore/mostcarefulslowlymore/mostslowly,1.一般在词尾后加er或est.tall-taller-tallest；long-longer-longestyoung-younger-youngest；soon-sooner-soonestclever-cleverer-cleverest；fast-faster-fastestcold-colder-coldest；near-nearer-nearestbright-brighter-brightest；short-shorter-shortestnew-newer-newest；high-higher-highestlow-lower-lowest；slow-slower-slowest,形容词或副词比较级和最高级的构成,2.以不发音的元音“e”结尾的形容词,加r或st.close-closer-closest；strange-stranger-strangestfine-finer-finest；large-larger-largestwide-wider-widest；white-whiter-whitestnice-nicer-nicest；late-later-latest,3.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的形容词,先把“y”变为“i”,再加er或est.angry-angrier-angriest；busy-busier-busiestcloudy-cloudier-cloudiest；dirty-dirtier-dirtiestearly-earlier-earliest；easy-easier-easiesthappy-happier-happiest；heavy-heavier-heaviest,.以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一个辅音字母，再加er或est.big-bigger-biggest；thin-thinner-thinnestfat-fatter-fattest；wet-wetter-wettesthot-hotter-hottest；red-redder-reddest多音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成：加more/most:difficult-moredifficult-mostdifficultmodern-moremodern-mostmoderninteresting-moreinteresting-mostinteresting,形容词或副词比较级和最高级的构成2）不规则变化:good/wellbetter,bestbad/badly/illworse,worstmany/muchmore,mostlittleless,least*oldolder,oldest年长的；老的；旧的elder,eldest（亲戚关系中）年长的*farfarther,farthest远的further,furthest远的（有更加、进一步的含义）补充说明：fewfewer,fewestfriendlyfriendlier,friendliest(adj.)more/mostfriendlyoftenmoreoften,mostoften,Exercises:请将下列词变成比较级和最高级,bright-long-late-wide-angry-popular-quickly-good-bad-,brighter,brightest,longer,longest,later,latest,wider,widest,angrier,angriest,more/mostpopular,more/mostquickly,better,best,worse,worst,形容词或副词各比较等级的基本用法,1、原级：使用形容词或副词原形，表示A与B一样（或不一样）。主要用于AasasB（肯定句）Aas/soasB(否定句）结构。Eg.1)Jimis160cmtall.Mikeis160cmtall.JimisastallasMike.JimisnotsotallasMike.2)Thisroadis5metreswide.Thatroadis5metreswide.Thisroadisaswide/narrowasthatone.Thisroadisnotaswide/narrowasthatone.,2)Jimworkshard.Mikeworkshard,too.JimworksashardasMike.JimdoesntworksohardasMike.3)Mikedoeshisworkcarefully.Tomdoeshisworkcarefully,too.MikedoeshisworkascarefullyasTom.Mikedoesntdohisworkas/socarefullyasTom.4）Fathergoestoworkearly.Mothergoestoworkearly,too.Fathergoestoworkasearlyasmother.Fatherdoesntgotoworkas/soearlyasmother.,Exercise:1.Maryis5yearsold.Janeis5yearsold,too.2.Theseboxesare20kilosheavy.Thoseboxesare20kilosheavy,too.3.Thisfilmisinteresting.Thatfilmisinteresting,too.,Maryisasold/youngasJane.,Theseboxesareasheavy/lightasthoseones.,Thisfilmisasinterestingasthatone.,4.Tomsgrandfatherishealthy.Timsgrandfatherishealthy,too.5.Johnrunsfast.Mikerunsfast,too.6.Johnjumpshigh.Mikejumpshigh,too.7.Myfathergoestoworkearly.Tomsfathergoestoworkearly,too,TomsgrandfatherisashealthyasTimsgrandfather.,JohnrunsasfastasMike.,JohnjumpsashighasMike.,MyfathergoestoworkasearlyasTomsfather.,同义变化：1.Timisasold/youngasMike.2.Thisroadisaswide/narrowasthatone.3.Thisriverisasdeep/shallowasthatone.4.Thisbuildingisashigh/lowasthatone.5.Thisboxisasheavy/lightasthatone.,TimisthesameageasMike.,Thisroadisthesamewidthasthatone,Thisriveristhesamedepthasthatone.,Thisbuildingisthesameheightasthatone.,Thisboxisthesameweightasthatone.,6.Thisroomisasbig/smallasthatone.7.Thispencilisaslong/shortasthatone.7.Maryisastall/shortasJane.,Thisroomisthesamesizeasthatone.,Thispencilisthesamelengthasthatone.,MaryisthesameheightasJane.,2、比较级：使用形容词或副词比较级形式，表示A与B二者相比哪一个更。主要用于AthanB结构。Eg.1)Jimis160cmtall.Mikeis156cmtall.JimistallerthanMike.2)Mikeworkshard.Jimworksveryhard.JimworksharderthanMike.,3.Thisbuildingis5meterstall.Thatbuildingis6meterstall.4.Theseboxesare40kilosheavy.Thoseboxesare45kilosheavy.5.Tomdoeshishomeworkcarefully.Mikedoeshishomeworkverycarefully.,Thisbuildingislowerthanthatone./Thatbuildingishigherthanthisone.,Theseboxesarelighterthanthoseones.Thoseboxesareheavierthantheseone.,MikedoeshishomeworkmorecarefullythanTom.,6.Soundtravelsquickly.Lighttravelsveryquickly.7.MaryspeaksEnglishfluently.JanespeaksEnglishveryfluently.8.Tomlistenstotheteachercarefully.Timlistenstotheteacherverycarefully.,Lighttravelsmorequicklythansounds.,JanespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanMary.,TimlistenstotheteachermorecarefullythanTom.,比较级用法扩展1）比较级前面可以有much,alittle/abit,alot,even,far,still等修饰语。Thisbookismuchbetterthanthatone.好得多2）比较级比较级，表示越来越hotterandhotter越来越热moreandmorebeautiful越来越漂亮3)上下文的提示：Afterthemedicine,thesickmanbecomes_.(bad)Theladylooks_afterhavingagoodrest.(healthy),worse,healthier,4.定冠词加比较级，再加定冠词加比较级：越-；越-1)Theharderyouare,thebetteryouwillbe.2)Themorecarefulyouare,thebettermarksyouwillget.3)Themoreexerciseyoutake,thehealthieryouwillbe.5.在两者之间选择：Whichsubjectdoyoulikebetter,mathsorChinese?,注意:than后面的人称代词用主格或宾格都可以。HeistallerthanI(am).Heistallerthanme.补充：Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.,Exercises:Ourclassroomlooks_thantheirs.(big)Unit9is_thanUnit8.(difficult)Mikestudies_aftertheteacherhadatalkwithhim.(hard)Mothergetsup_thanfather.(early)Ourlifeis_thanbefore.(good)Thisfilmis_thantheonewesawlastweek.(interesting)My_sisterisauniversitystudent.Sheisoneyear_thanI.(old),bigger,moredifficult,harder,earlier,better,moreinteresting,elder,older,8.Ourcountryhasbecome_and_inthepasttwentyyears.(strong,rich)9.Infact,Deliaisalittle_thanhereldersister.(tall)10.Motherlookseven_.(angry)11.Shanghaiis_thanthatcity.(modern)12.MaryspeaksEnglish_thanJane.(fluently)13.Ifeelmuch_.(cold)14.ThenextmorningJennygotupeven_(early),stronger,richer,taller,angrier,moremodern,morefluently,colder,earlier,比较级与同级比较的转换：Thisbuildingislowerthanthatone.MybrotherisolderthanI.MrBlacklooksstrongerthanMrSmith.,Thisbuildingisntashighasthatone.Thatbuildingisntsolowasthisone,MybrotherisntasyoungasI.Iamnotasoldasmybrother.,MrBlackdoesntlookasweakasMrSmith.MrBlackdoesntlookasstrongasMrBlack.,4.TomdoeshishomeworkmorecarefullythanJack.5.Unit9iseasierthanUnit10.6.Mothergetsupearlierthanfather.,TomdoesntdohishomeworkascarelesslyasJack.JackdoesntdohishomeworkascarefullyasTom.,Unit9isntasdifficultasUnit10.Unit10isntaseasyasUnit9.,Motherdoesntgetupsolateasfather.Fatherdoesntgetupsoearlyasmother.,3、最高级：使用形容词或副词最高级形式，表示三者（或三者以上）相比哪一个最。主要用于thein/among/of+所包含人或事物的数量3的集合短语结构。Eg.1)Jimisthetallestinourclass.2)Jimworks(the)hardestofalltheboys.最高级用法扩展,1.oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数-表：-之一1).Tomisoneoftheclevereststudentsinourclass.2).Edisonwasoneofthemostfamousinventorsintheworld.2.在定语从句中:1)ThisisthefunnieststorythatIhaveeverheard.2)Thisisthemostinterestingstorythatshehaseverread.,3.表示第几大时TheAmazonisthesecondlongestriverintheworld.TheYangtzeisthethirdlongestriverintheworld.4.在几者之间选择：Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest,maths,ChineseorEnglish?,Exercise:,Johnistheoldestofthethreeboys.Tomistheyoungestofthethreeboys.,Tomis5yearsold.Mikeis6yearsold.Johnis7yearsold.,Exercises:Emilysings_ofthefivegirls.(well)Ofallthestarsthesunis_tous.(close)3.WilliamShakespeareisoneof_playwritersinEngland.(great)4.ThecartoonTarzanis_filmIhaveeverseen.(wonderful)5.Heis_boyofusall.(strong)6.Hangzhouisoneof_citiesinChina.(beautiful),best,theclosest,thegreatest,themostwonderful,thestrongest,themostbeautiful,7.Eddieruns_amongthefourboys.(quickly)8.Mygrandpalooks_amongthefiveoldmen.(healthy)9.Mothergetsup_inmyfamily.(early)10.Jackstudies_inmyclass.(hard),mostquickly,thehealthiest,theearliest,thehardest,最高级用法扩展形容词最高级前的the在以下几种情况下可以省略：1）该形容词前有物主代词或名词所有格。Heismy/Jimsbestfriend.2）比较含义模糊。WearebusiestonMonday.Thisisamostinterestingbook.这里的most相当于very。补充：Chinaisoneofthemostbeautifulcountries.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.,原级，比较级，最高级三者间的互换：Tomisthetalleststudentinourclass.,Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinourclass.Tomistallerthananybodyelseinourclass.Tomistallerthananyoneelseinourclass.NobodyelseistallerthanTominourclass.NooneelseistallerthanTominourclass.NobodyelseisastallasTominourclass.NooneelseisastallasTominourclass.,Exercises:根据所给提示词填空。Myhouseis_(large)thanJims.Todayismuch_(warm)thanyesterday.Whichbookis_(interesting),thisoneorthatone?Kateis_(good)thanmeatEnglish.Whois_(tall)boyinyourclass?Mikeruns_(fast)ofallthestudents.Ihave_(much)moneythanyou.8.Yesterdaywasmy_(happy)dayinmylife.9.Mybrotherisnotso_(strong)asme.10.MrSmithisthe_(short)ofthetwomen.,larger,warmer,moreinteresting,bett