第三人称单数动词变化规则

PRE-UNITTEST1,A.第三人称单数动词变化规则,B.a/an,some和any的用法,C.many和much的用法,D.一般过去时,E.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和否定句,F.形容词与副词,G.物主代词,H.介词,I.定语从句,Iambusy.IamlearningEnglish.Ihaveanewbook.Iliveinthecountry.Ishallseeyoutomorrow.Icanunderstandyou.Imustwritealetter.Imaycomenextweek.Idoalotofworkeveryday.Ididalotofworkyesterday.,Heisbusy.HeislearningEnglish.Hehasanewbook.Helivesinthecountry.Hewillseeyoutomorrow.Hecanunderstandyou.Hemustwritealetter.Hemaycomenextweek.Hedoesalotofworkeveryday.Hedidalotofworkyesterday.,A.Writethesesentencesagain.BegineachsentencewithHe.,11.Iplayedfootballyesterday.12.Iboughtanewcoatlastweek.13.IhavehadaletterfromTom.14.Iwasbusythismorning.15.IcouldplayfootballverywellwhenIwasyoung.16.Ialwaystrytogetupearly.17.Imightseeyounextweek.18.Ialwaysenjoyagoodfilm.19.Ihadfinishedmywork.20.Iwatchtelevisioneverynight.,Heplayedfootballyesterday.Heboughtanewcoatlastweek.HehashadaletterfromTom.Hewasbusythismorning.Hecouldplayfootballverywellwhenhewasyoung.Healwaystriestogetupearly.Hemightseeyounextweek.Healwaysenjoysagoodfilm.Hehadfinishedmywork.Hewatchestelevisioneverynight.,be,have,以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的词加-es,以辅音字母加y结尾的单词改y为i再加-es,以辅音字母加o结尾的词加-es,一般情况在词尾加-s,语法小结：第三人称单数动词变化规则,1.一般现在时和一般将来时,look,looks,teach,teaches,study,studies,do,go,does,goes,have,has,am,is,一般将来时助动词,shall,will,2.同型的情况,1）情态动词：can,must,may,could,should,might,would2）一般过去时：looked,taught,studied,did,went,had,was,B.Writethesesentencesagain.Putina,someorany.,Therearebooksonthedesk.Idrankglassofbeer.Doyouwantbutter?Therearentpeopleinthestreet.Tomhasjustboughtnewcar.Wehaveappletreesinourgarden.CanIhavebarofchocolate,please?Thereisntbreadinthattin.Isthereinkinthatbottle?Arethereeggsinthatbasket?,a,some,any,any,a,some,a,any,any,any,语法小结：a/an,some和any的用法,1.不定冠词a和an的用法：a和an是不定冠词，表示泛指，常用于可数名词的单数形式前。a用在以辅音发音开头的单词前，e.g.auniversitystudent,aone-eyedelephant;an用在以元音发音开头的单词前，e.g.anhour,anX-raymachine。1）表示“一个”，意为oneIhaveanewbook.我有一本新书。2）表示“某一个”，意为acertainAMr.Wangiswaitingforyou.有位姓王的先生在等你。3）表示一类人或物Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.刀是切割的工具。Mr.Smithisanengineer.史密斯先生是工程师。4）组成词组或习语alittle,afew,alot(of),atypeof,agreatmany,manya,asarule,inahurry,inaminute,inaword,inashortwhile,afterawhile,haveacold,haveatry,keepaneyeon,allofasudden,2.形容词some的用法：some既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，常用在肯定句中。1）用来修饰名词的单数形式，表示“某一”或“某个”Sheisplayingchesswithsomeboy.她在和一个男孩下棋。2）用来修饰名词的复数形式或不可数名词，表示“某些”，“若干”，“一部分的”，“一些”Ihavesomeworktodothisevening.今晚我有一些事要做。Somemushroomsarepoisonous.有些蘑菇是有毒的。3）表示“好些”，“好几个”，“不少”HelivedinLondonforsomeyears.他在伦敦住了好几年。3.形容词any的用法：any既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，常用在否定、疑问句和if从句中。1）表示“任一“，”每一”Hewantedajob,anysortofajob.他需要一份工作,任何工作都行。2）若干，一些，一点，丝毫Ifthereisanytrouble,doletmeknow.如遇到麻烦,务必告诉我。Ihaventanymoneytospare.我的钱都用光了。Arethereanylettersforme?有我的信吗?3）尽可能多的，所有的Sendmeanydatayoucanfind.把你能找到的所有资料送来给我。,C.Writethesesentencesagain.Usemanyormuch.,Ihaventanybutter.Youhaventanycigarettes.Wehaventanymilk.Shehasntanybiscuits.Theyhaventanystationery.,Ihaventgotmuchbutter.Youhaventgotmanycigarettes.Wehaventgotmuchmilk.Shehasntgotmanybiscuits.Theyhaventgotmuchstationery.,语法小结：many和much的用法,many和much做形容词时都表示“许多”的意思，但是，many用于修饰可数名词的复数形式，而much用于修饰不可数名词。,D.Writethesesentencesagain.Usesimplepasttense.,Hebuysanewcareveryyear.Sheairstheroomeveryday.Heoftenloseshispen.Healwayslistenstothenews.Sheemptiesthisbasketeveryday.,Heanewcarlastyear.Sheitthismorning.Hehispenthismorning.Hetothenewsyesterday.Shethisbasketyesterday.,bought,aired,lost,listened,emptied,E.Completethesesentences.Usesimplepasttense.,Heboughtanewcar.Q:Didhebuyanewcar?Q:Whatdidhebuy?N:Hedidntbuyanewcar.3.Theywerehereyesterday.Q:Weretheyhereyesterday?Q:Whenweretheyhere?N:Theywerenthereyesterday.,5.Hegaveyouapen.Q:Didhegiveyouapen?Q:Whatdidhegiveyou?N:Hedidntgiveyouapen.9.Yousawthatfilm.Q:Didyouseethatfilm?Q:Whendidyouseethatfilm?N:Youdidntseethatfilm.10.Hearrivedattwooclock.Q:Didhearriveattwooclock?Q:Whendidhearrive?N:Hedidntarriveattwooclock.,语法小结：一般过去时,1.基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他否定形式：was/were+not；在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？Did+主语+do+其他？特殊疑问句：疑问代词+was/were+主语+其他?疑问代词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?2.用法：1）表示过去发生的动作或状态eg.Theywenttotheparkyesterday.2）表示过去经常发生的动作或状态eg.Theyalwayscametohelpusthosedays.3.动词变化规则1）直接加-ed：work-worked2）以e结尾的单词，直接加-d：live-lived3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ed：study-studied4）以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加-ed：enjoy-enjoyed5）以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母加-ed：stop-stopped,6）不规则变化：,E.Completethesesentences.Usegeneralquestion,specialquestionandnegation.,2.Shecancometomorrow.Q:Canshecometomorrow?Q:Whencanshecome?N:Shecantcometomorrow.4.Hemustleaveearly.Q:Mustheleaveearly?Q:Whyhemustleaveearly?N:Heneedntleaveearly.8.Hehasfoundhispen.Q:Hashefoundhispen?Q:Whathashefound?N:Hehasntfoundhispen.,6.Helivesnextdoor.Q:Doeshelivenextdoor?Q:Wheredoeshelive?N:Hedoesntlivenextdoor.7.Youknowhimwell.Q:Doyouknowhimwell?Q:Howwelldoyouknowhim?N:Youdontknowhimwell.,语法小结：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和否定句,1.情态动词：must,can/could,may/might,oughtto,shall/should,will/would1）基本结构：主语+情态动词+动词原型+其他2）否定形式：主语+情态动词+not+动词原型+其他注意：must的否定形式是neednt3）一般疑问句：情态动词+主语+动词原型+其他？4）特殊疑问句：疑问代词（除why）+情态动词+主语+动词原型+其他?Why+主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他?2.一般现在时1）基本结构：主语+am/is/are+其他；主语+动词原型/动词第三人称单数形式+其他2）否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+其他?主语+助动词do/does+not+动词原型+其他?3）一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+其他?助动词Do/Does+主语+动词原型+其他？4）特殊疑问句：疑问代词+am/is/are+主语+其他?疑问代词+助动词do/does+主语+动词原形+其他?,F.Completethesesentences.Useadverbs.,Hereadthephrase.(slow)Heworked.(lazy)Hecuthimself.(bad)Heworked.(careful)Thedooropened.(sudden),语法小结：形容词转换副词,slowly,lazily,badly,carefully,suddenly,副词（adverb，简写为adv）是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。形容词转变成副词的规则：1）直接加-ly：slow-slowly2）以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-ly：lazy-lazily3）部分以不发音的-e结尾的，去e加-ly：true-truly,G.Writethesesentencesagain.Useshortforms.,1.Hewillarrivetomorrowmorning.2.Shewillcomethisevening.3.Ishallseeyouthedayaftertomorrow.4.Hewillnotbelieveme.5.Weshallnotremainhere.,语法小结：be、助动词、情态动词的缩写形式,1.Hellarrive2.Shellcome3.Illseeyou4.Hewontbelieve5.Weshantremain,1.肯定形式：Iam-Im,heis-hes,youare-youre,shewill-shell,Ishall-Ill,ithas-its,theyhave-theyve2.否定形式：isnotisntarenotarentwasnotwasntwerenotwerenthasnothasnthavenothaventwillnotwontwouldnotwouldntshallnotshantshouldnotshouldntdonotdontdidnotdidntoughtnotoughtntdarenotdarent,H.Completethesesentences.Usepronouns.,Thesethingsbelongtomyhusband.Theyare.Thiscoatbelongstome.Itis.Theseshoesbelongtomywife.Theyare.ThesepensbelongtoTomandBetty.Thepensare.Thissuitcasebelongstoyou.Itis.,1.英语中的物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用在名词前；名词性物主代词起名词的作用。为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。也就是说，名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词2.物主代词：,语法小结：物主代词,his,mine,hers,theirs,yours,I.Completethesesentences.Usecomparisonofadjectives.,Itiscooltoday,butitwasyesterday.Itiswettoday,butitwasyesterday.Heslateagaintoday,buthewasyesterday.Thistestiseasy,butthatoneis.Thisbookisexpensive,butthatoneis.Thisbookcaseislarge,butthatoneis.Thatfilmwasinteresting,buttheotheronewas.Bettyispretty,butJaneis.MissGreenisbeautiful,butMissWhiteis.Tomisintelligent,butBillis.,cooler,wetter,later,easier,moreexpensive,larger,moreinteresting,prettier,morebeautiful,moreintelligent,语法小结：形容词和副词的比较级,1.比较级的构成:1）一般情况下在形容词和副词后直接加-er2）以-e结尾的形容词和副词加-r3）以辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i,+-er4）重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母+-er5）多音节单词的比较级和最高级分别在单词前加more6）不规则变化,J.Putintherightwordorphrase:yesterday,lastnight,tomorrowetc.,ThedatetodayisMonday,March5th.Isawhim(Sunday,March4th).Ishallseehim(Tuesday,March6th).Ishallseehim(Monday,March5th).Ishallseehim(Monday,March5thafternoon).Ishallseehim(Wednesday,March7th).Isawhim(Saturday,March3rd).Isawhim(Sunday,March4thnight).Ishallseehim(Tuesday,March6thmorning).Ishallseehim(Monday,March5thmorning).Isawhim(Sunday,March4thafternoon).,yesterday,tomorrow,today,thisafternoon,thedayaftertomorrow,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight,tomorrowmorning,thismorning,yesterdayafternoon,K.Putinat,inoron.,1.Heisgoingtotelephonefiveoclock.2.MybirthdayisMay21st.3.ItisalwayscoldFebruary.4.Myfatherwasthere1984.5.HeisgoingtoarriveTuesday.,at,on,in,in,on,L.Putinacross,over,between,offalong,in,on,into,outof,orunder.,1.Theairplaneisflyingthevillage.2.Theshipisgoingthebridge.3.Theboyisswimmingtheriver.4.Twocatsarerunningthewall.5.Mybooksaretheself.6.Thebottleofmilkistherefrigerator.7.Theboyisjumpingthebranch.8.Maryissittinghermotherandherfather.9.Itis9oclock.Thechildrenaregoingclass.10.Itis4oclock.Thechildrenarecomingclass.,over,under,across/in,along,on,in,off,between,into,outof,1.across1）横越,穿过Wewalkedacrossthestreet.我们穿过马路。2）在.那边HestaredattheEnglishmanacrossthetable.他两眼一直盯着坐在桌子对面的那个英国人。3）与.相交叉Thetwolinescutacrosseachother.两条线相互交叉。2.along1）（表示位置）沿着的某地点；在旁的某地方Hisroomisalongthispassage.他的房间在这条通道上。2）（表示方向）沿着，循着，顺着Itookmydogforawalkalongtheriver.我带着狗沿那条河散步。3）（表示方位）靠着Thereisastripedsofaalongthewall.有一张靠墙放着的有条纹的沙发。,语法小结：介词,3.at1）在.地点TheywerealreadywaitingatthegatewhenIgotthere.2）在.时刻JanewillmeetherboyfriendatChristmas.3）向,朝,对着Dontshoutatme.4.在.方面Heisanexpertattroubleshooting.5）因为,由于Iwokeatthesoundofthebell.随着铃响,我醒了。6）从事于,忙于Heisworkinghardatthisthesis.他正在努力地撰写论文。7）以(某种价格、速度等)Theysoldtheclothatadollarayard.4.between可以表示位置、时间、数目、距离、范围、等级、关系等，意为“在之间”或“在之中”，常用于短语“betweentwelveand”之中。,5.in1）（表示位置）在里面；在，于；在部位上TheyliveinFrance.他们住在法国。2）（表示时间）在时期，在之后，在过程中Icannotseeyounow,comebackinhalfanhour.3）（表示方向）往内，朝方向Isawhimgointheshop.我看到他走进了商店。4）（表示状态）处于之中，在情况下Martinwasinhispajamas.马丁穿着睡衣。5）（表示方式）用，以，按，乘，以形式TheywerespeakinginItalian.他们在讲意大利语。6）（表示原因）由于，为了Hewentinfearofhislife.他为自己的性命担忧,所以走了。7）（表示领域、范围）在以内Itisnotinmypowertodothat.做那事非我力所能及。8）（表示结果）当做，作为Whatdidyougivehiminreturn?你给他什么作为报答呢?9）（表示目的）为了Theysetoffinsearchofthelostchild.他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。,6.into1）（表示时间）持续到，进行到Themeetingcarriedonintotheafternoon.会议一直延续到下午。2）（表示方向）进入中，到里Hecameintotheroom.3）（表示状态）进入状态，欠债Theyburstintolaughter.他们突然大笑起来。4）（表示对象）撞上，渗进，非常喜欢Hebumpedintome.他撞上了我。Theoilwillsoakintothewood.油会渗进木头里。Sheisintomusic.她喜欢音乐。5）（表示目标）对着，朝着Shelookedintomyeyes.她盯着我的眼睛看。6）（表示结果）分成，变成Hesawedthestickintopieces.他把棍子锯成几截。7）（表示所属）输入Theinformationgoesintoacomputer.,7.off1）（表示位置）在的外面，在的沿海Theboatanchoredoffthefort.那艘船停在堡垒外面。2）（表示时间）在之前Itisafewminutesoffthreeoclock.还有几分钟就三点了。3）（表示方向）从，通向，偏离，从离开Hefellofftheladder.他从梯子上掉下来。8.on1）（表示位置）在上2）（表示时间）在之时Onarrivinghome,Iwasmetbymydaughter.3）（表示状态）系于，悬于；附于Apicturehangsonthewall.墙上挂着一幅画。4）（表示方式）乘，坐，骑Shewillleaveonanearlytrain.她将乘早班火车离开。5）（表示方位）在方位Thetownstandsontheleftbankoftheriver.,9.outof1）从里面（走出）；离开2）从的状态中（离开）Wereoutofdanger.我们现在脱离了危险。3）越出之外Outofsight,outofmind.离久情疏。4）缺乏，没有Theyreoutofwater.他们缺水。10.over1）（表示位置）在的正上方；在的上面；在的上空Thecloudsarerightoverus.现在云正在我们的头顶上。2）（表示位置）遍布在上面，扩展到全部Brilliantlightpouredoverme.耀眼的光洒遍我的全身。3）（表示方向）越过，从一边至的另一边Insteadofopeningthegate,weclimbedoverit.11.under1）在下面，在底下2）少于，低于Hecannotbeunderthirtyyearsofage.3）在情况下，在过程中Thecarisunderrepairs.这辆汽车在修理中。,M.PutinWhoorWhich.,1.hatdidyoubuy?2.brokethisplate?3.busdidyoucatch?4.isknockingatthedoor?5.ofthetwobooksdoyouwant?,Which,Who,Which,Who,Which,语法小结：who&which的用法,who用作疑问代词，意为“谁”、“什么人”which可用作疑问代词，意为“哪一个”、“哪一些”，也可用作形容词，意为“哪一”,N.Jointhesesentencesinthesameway.Usewho,whomorwhich.,1.Thisisthecar.Themechanicrepairedityesterday.Thisisthecarwhichthemechanicrepairedyesterday.2.Heistheman.Iinvitedhimtotheparty.HeisthemanwhomIinvitedtotheparty.3.Thesearethethings.Iboughtthemyesterday.ThesearethethingswhichIboughtyesterday.4.Heistheman.Hecameherelastweek.Heisthemanwhocameherelastweek.5.Heisthepoliceman.Hecaughtthethieves.Heisthepolicemanwhocaughtthethieves.,6.Sheisthenurse.Shelookedafterme.Sheisthenursewholookedafterme.7.Sheisthewoman.Imetheryesterday.SheisthewomanwhomImetyesterday.8.Iamtheperson.Iwrotetoyou.Iamthepersonwhowrotetoyou.9.Theyarethepeople.Isawthemyesterday.TheyarethepeoplewhomIsawyesterday.10.Theyarethetrees.Wecutthemdownyesterday.Theyarethetreeswhichwecutdownyesterday.,语法小结：定语从句,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。1.指人的关系代词：who（作主语）、whom（作宾语）、that（作主语或宾语）、whose（作定语）Theteacherwillpunishthestudentswho/thatarelazy.ProfessorLiisoneoftheprofessorswhom/thatIadmire.Mr.Johnswhoselifewasonceveryhard,isnowsuccessfulinhisbusiness.2.指物的关系代词：which（作主语或宾语）、that（作主语或宾语）、whose（作定语）Heboughtabookwhich/thatiswrittenbyOHenry.Thesebirdswhich/thathesetfreewereagiftfromhisau