表语、同位语从句

名词从句引导词：连词：that、whether/if(是否);疑问代词who(ever),what(ever),which(ever);疑问副词when(ever),where(ever),how(old),why1、连词that（无词意）,whether/if在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用;whether能引导主语从句，而if不能Thatyoudontlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.WhetherJohnwilldothisexperimentremainsaquestion.2、疑问代词who(ever),what(ever),which(ever),whose(ever)在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.Youcanaskwhoeverknowsthequestion.Someparentsgivetheirchildrenwhatevertheywant.,Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatshecouldplaytheviolinsowell.Whosedictionaryhasnotbeenfoundisstillunknown.Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.Whoeverwantsthisbookmaytakeit.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.WhathedidwaswhatIhadhoped.,(3)疑问副词when(ever),where(ever),how,why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语Wheneveryoucomewillbewelcomedwarmly.Itdoesntmatterwhereverwesleep.Idontknowhowhecamehere.Hetoldmewhyhehadntarriveontime.Whereverheliveswillattractmanynewsreporters.Ihavenoideawherehewillmove.Whyhedidntcomepuzzledallofus.Whenhewasbornhasntbeenknown.,What与that在引导主语从句时的区别What引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，其意义为“所的”“所的一切”如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然且无任何意义。例如：1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.3)Peoplealwayswanttogetwhattheyhaventgot.4)Idontknowwhatheisthinkingof.比较：Thecityiswhereabetterjobis.Thecityisntwhatitusedtobe.,WhatIamafraidofistheirtakingmetothecountryside.Whatshesawgaveheralittlefright.Well,Peter,whatisoverisover.（过去的事情就让它过去吧！）Whatshouldbedonehasbeendone.Whatwasstolenhasbeenfound.Thatiswhatwehope.*Ishouldliketobeateacher.ThatiswhatIwanttobe.*Timesarenotwhattheywere.(时代不同了),Wecannotdowhat/all(that)youaskedusto.Wecannotdowhat/anything(that)youaskedusto.Asafriendofyours,Iwanttotellyouwhat=all(that)Isawandheard.Asafriendofyours,Iwanttotellyouwhat/something(that)Isawandheard.Hegaveusadescriptionofwhathehadseen.Theypaid50%ofwhattheywereabletoearntothestate.Becauseofwhatyousaid,welostthegoodchance.IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.Heisnowquitedifferentfromwhathewas.Afterwhatseemedalongtime,hechangedhismind.,表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。be动词的表语从句主语常用的词有：news,question,problem,fact,doubt,suggestion,hope,report,information等,从句就是前面名词的内容。另外常用的还有：forsthThereasonisthat原因是why+句子It/That/Thisisbecause那是因为Thatswhy那就是为什么Itlooksasif/though.Itseemsthat/asif/asthough,1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanbepreparedinsuchashorttime.2.Thatiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4.Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.5.Thereasonforhisfeveristhathewascaughtintherain.,Itlooksasif/asthoughtheweatherwillchange.=Itseemsthat/asthough/asiftheweatherwillchange.Thatswhyyougoaway.Thatwasbecausehewentaway.Hissuggestionisthatweshouldntwasteanysecond.Thechildshopeisthathecanbuyatoycar.,同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句，对前者作进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁或是什么等，说明名词的具体内容，同位于从句通常由某些抽象名词引导，例如：belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news（word无冠词）,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,discovery,explanation,information,law,knowledge,opinion,truth,promise,report,thought等。1.Theheadmasersdecisionthatwewouldhaveaone-monthholidaysurprisedusall.2.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldsetoffheardingthecallisgivenbythecommander.3.Thenewsthatwewonistrue.4.Ihavenoideawhentheywillbuildthenewgarden.5.Igaveustheinformationthatwewouldhavethetest.6.Wordhascomethatwewilltakeatestnextweek.,Thefactisthathedidntbuythebookhewished.,istrue,Thenewsisthatourteamwon.,Thenewsthatourteamwon,excitedus.,Thefactthathedidntbuythebookhewished,Thequestioniswhetherhewillacceptourinvitation.,Thequestionwhetherhewillacceptourinvitation,isunknown.,Hisdecisionisthathewillgoonatripwithus.,Hisdecisionthathewillgoonatripwithus,makesushappy.,comparison,1、有消息说我们要放20天假。2、你知道我们要放假吗?3、他当老师的愿望将要实现了。4、看起来要下暴雨。,1.Wordhascomethatwewillhavea20-dayholiday.2.Anyidea/Doyouhaveanyideawhetherwewillhaveaholiday?3.Thewishthathewillbeateacherwillcometrue.4.Itlooksasif/thoughit,模糊化地点常见的词：case,condition,situation,position,point,instance,stage,scene,job,business,career,culture,party,games,competition等，表示情况/情形、方面、处境等。Iwasimaginingthescene_myfatherreceivedthegift.Iwillbeinvolvedintheculture_Icanlearnsomethingaboutthelocalpeople.Theyareplayinggames_theywilllearntheimportanceofteamwork.Peoplewillneverforgetthescene_thesharkatethechildren.,同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.Theproblemwassolvedhowwecouldusethemachine.Theteachergaveustheansweryesterdaythatwewouldhave5-dayholiday.,同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句对先行词加以修饰或说明,同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：1)Thenewsthathetoldmeisthathewouldgoabroadnextyear.（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2)Thenewsthathewouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,that引导名词从句有以下共性：1.that只起引导作用，本身无意义2.that引导的名词从句一般用来陈述事实,该句意义完整。3.除特殊情况外，that一般不省略主要从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that不能省略宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时不省，在以下几种情况中that不可省a.当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语，that不可省略b.当有两个或两个以上的从句作宾语，第二个或以后的that不能省略,Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidntunderstandwine.EveryoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworriedTheproblemisthatwedonthaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChina.Thathedidntdonatemoneysurprisedallofus.,有插入语,两个宾语从句，后者,表语从句,同位语从句,主语语从句,Whether和if引导名词性从句时的区别1、whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whetherItalldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.2、后面直接跟ornot时用whetherIdontknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan3、主语从句，表语从句中，同位语从句中只用whetherThequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.,Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.4.Whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.,whoever（pron）和whichever（pron,adj.）=theonewho”，“hewho”，“shewho”：,WhoevergainsthemostpointswinsthecompetitionWhicheverofthemgainsthemostpointswinsWhicheverteamgainsthemostpointswinsWhoevergetshomefirststartscookingthesupperWhicheverofusgetshomefirststartscookingWhoevercleansyourwindowsdoesntmakeagoodjobofit,whatever（代词和形容词），whenever，wherever,Youcaneatwhat/whateveryoulike（anythingyoulike）Whenyouareolderyoucanwatchwhateverprogrammeyoulike(adj.)Myroofleakswhen/wheneveritrains（everytimeitrains）Youwillseethisproductadvertisedeverywhere/whereveryougoGoanywherewhereveryo