必修4 unit2 动名词作主语和宾语

The-ingParticiple,动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末加-ing形式构成。do-doing,ask-asking,否定形式：not+-ing构成2.动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。,动词-ing形式,动词-ing形式时态和语态,动词-ing形式时态和语态,动名词的时态和语态,完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如,Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.Hedidintmentionhavingmetyoubefore,2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：,Beingcalledafooldoesntbotherhimatall.,二.动名词的性质,动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：,1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰,Ihopeyoudontmindmysayingit.,2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语,Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.,一、动词-ing形式作主语1.动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数。如：Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.,三.动名词的功用,2.在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放到句末。如：Itisveryimportantrememberingothersnames.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.,nousenogoodnofunIts+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerousThereisno+doing.这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo”,Lookingafterthepatientsisanursesjob.Itisnogoodobjecting.Itisnousecrying.Itsdangerousplayingwithfire.Itsawasteoftimecopyingothershomework.Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.若要人不知，除非己莫为。,2.可作宾语,S.+vt.+doing,Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.,在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：,避免错过延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/canthelp承认否定嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险原谅escape/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持在意standkeep/keeponmind,注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。,Wedontallowpeopletofishhere.,Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.,eg.Theyoftenadvisenotsmokinginthepublic.Heoftenadviseshisfathernottosmokeinthehouse.,putoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincanthelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),作介词/短语动词的宾语:,S.+v.+prep.+doing,“to”为介词的短语,be/getusedtodoing,getdowntodoing,payattentiontodoing,leadtodoing,lookforwardtodoing,objecttodoing,inadditiontodoing,sticktodoing,(导致),(反对),(坚持),e.g.Shesattherewithout(speak)Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.Areyouusedto(live)therealone?Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldnthelp(laugh).Idontfeellike(go)toseethefilm.Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.,主动表被动:,want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.+doingbeworth(值得),使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,tobedone,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义,Theroomwants(clean).Themethodneeds(improve).Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).Theproblemneeds(workout).Thequestioniswellworth(discuss),d）动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。意义并无很大区别。当用在should,would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：,Ilikeswimming,butIdontliketoswimthisafternoon.,我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。,Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么？,forgetdoing(已做)forgettodo(未做)goondoing(同一件事)goontodo(另一件事)meandoing(意味着)meantodo（打算做）regretdoing（做过）regrettodo（将做）rememberdoing（做过）remembertodo（去做）trydoing（试着做）trytodo（努力去做）stopdoing（停止做）stoptodo（停下来去做）,e).一些特殊的动词充当谓语时，后面宾语既可是动名词，也可会不定式，表达的意义差别很大。,动名词的复合结构,动名词复合结构的形式a)名词所有格/物主代词+动名词，如：IinsistonMarysgoingthere.我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。Ihadnotheardofyourbeingill.我没听说你病了。b)名词通格/人称代词宾格+动名词，如：Usuallyatthebeginningofschool,thenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosedcouldbeheardoutinthestree