《英语语言学概论》题与答案

ExercisesI. Multiple Choice1. _ studies language change over time in contrast to looking at language as it is used at a given moment.A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics2. Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords 3. In terms of place of articulation, the following sounds p, b, m and wshare the feature of _.A. palatal B. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental4. A(n) _ is a unit that is of distinctive value.It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. phoneme5. Which of the following sound description is for d? A. voiced labiodental fricativeB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless labiodental fricativeD. voiceless alveolar stop6. What is the phonetic feature of the sound u?A. close back shortB. semi-close front shortC. semi-open central shortD. open front short7. Which of the following sentences contain a derivational affix?A. The cows escaped.B. It was raining.C. Those socks are inexpensive.D. She closed the book. 8. The morpheme “ed” in the word “worked” is known as a(n) _.A. derivational morphemeB. lexical morpheme C. inflectional morphemeD. functional morpheme9. “en-” in “enlarge” is a(n) _. A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. free rootD. bound root10. _ is the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function. A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. Morphology D. Morpheme11. Which of the following forms is possible word of English?A. sprokeB. bsarn C. mboodD. coofp12. Which pair of words below shows the relation of antonymy. _A. flourishthrive B. intelligentstupidC. casualinformal D. flogwhip 13. We call the relation between “furniture” and “wardrobe” as _.A. hyponymy B. meronymyC. homophony D. homonymy14. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to _.A. breakdown of conversationB. confusion of ones intentionC. hostility between speakers and the listenersD. conversational implicatures15. In the phrase structure rule “SNP VP”, the arrow can be read as_.A. is equal to B. consists ofC. has D. generates16. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _.A. lexicalB. morphemeC. grammaticalD. semantic17. The pair of words “hot” and “cold” are _.A. gradable antonyms B. relational antonymsC. complementary antonyms D. co-hyponyms18. Which pair of the following are complementary antonyms?A. alive / deadB. above / belowC. poor / richD. doctor / patient19. What is the relation between the pair of sentences:He likes seafood.He likes crabs A. synonymyB. inconsistencyC. entailmentD. presupposition20. Which pair of the following are homographs?A. piece n. / peace n.B. tear v. / tear n.C. fast adj. / fast v.D. flower n. / rose n.21. Which pair of the following are dialectal synonyms?A. lorry, truckB. kid, childC. collaborator, accompliceD. amaze, astound22. “Lift” and “elevator” form a pair of _ synonyms.A. stylistic B. dialectical C. collocational D. connotative15. All syllables must have a _.A. onsetB. codaC. nucleus D. consonant23. _ studies language and speech as they are used at a given moment and not in terms of how they have evolved over time.A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics24. _ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Psycholinguistics B. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguistics25. Of the following sound combination, only _ is permissible in English.A. iblk B. ilbkC. ilkb D. blik26. Which pair of words below shows the relation of synonymy. _A. drunksoberB. uncleauntC. youngoldD. casualinformal27. The sense relationship between “He has been to France” and “He has been to Europe” is _.A. hyponymyB. antonymyC. presupposition D. entailment28. In the phrase structure rule “NP(Det) N (PP)”, the arrow can be read as_.A. is equal toB. branches intoC. transforms D. generates29. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds trslzn share the feature of _.A. palatal B. alveolarC. bilabial D. dental30. Ys utterance in the following conversation violates the maxim of _. X: When is Susans farewell party? Y: Sometime next month.A. quality B. quantity C. relationD. manner31. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the _because this kind of speech act is identical with the speakers intention. A. locutionary act B. constative act C. perlocutionary actD. illocutionary act32. We call the relation between “vehicle” and “car” as _.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. homonymy33. Which of the following pairs differs from the others in the sense relation? _A. good, bad B. long, short C. big, small D. innocent, guilty34. As far as manners of articulation are concerned, which of the following differs from the others? _A. pB. bC. tD. f35. Which pair of the following belong to meronymy?A. animal, tiger B. hand, fingerC. livestock, dog D. furniture, dresser36. “-En” in “blacken” is a(n) _. A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. free rootD. bound root37. Transformational rules do not change the basic _ of sentences.A. formB. structureC. meaningD. sound pattern38. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called_.A. commissives B. directivesB. expressives D. declaratives39. The illocutionary point of the_ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. declarations B. expressivesB. commissives D. directives40. Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?A. quality B. quantity C. relation D. mannerII. Blank filling1. Productivityor_ refers to mans linguistic ability which enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences in our native language, including the sentences which were never heard before. 2. Some antonyms are gradable_ because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair.3. Duality is the way meaningless elements of language at one level (sounds and letters) combine to form meaningful units (words) at another level.4. According to its position in the new word, affixes are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.5. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called sequential rules.6. Root_ constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning. 7. A suffix is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may change its part of speech.8. In terms of morphemic analysis, derivation can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.9. Some morphemes cannot normally stand alone, but function only as parts of words, e.g. s, -er, -ed and ing, which are called bound_ morphemes.10. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation.11. Lanuguge _is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.12. Saussure put forward two important concepts. Langue_ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.13. Broad transcription is normally used in dictionary and teaching textbooks for general purposes.14. The root _ constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning.15. Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.16. Displacement is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and space. 17. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a free _ morpheme.18. Clear l and dark l are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They never take the same position in sound combinations; thus they are said to be in complementary distribution.19. Stem is the base to which one or more affixes are attached to create a more complex form that may be another stem or a word.20. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.21.The two sounds p and ph are in complementary distribution, and they are known as allophones of the phoneme /p/.22. _Syntax_ is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.23. Cooperative Principle (CP) is proposed by Paul Grice . 24. “Words are names or labels for things.” This view is called naming theory in semantic studies.25. The sentence “My unmarried sister is married to a bachelor” is a contradition.III. True or false questions.( T ) 1. “Where did he buy the beer” presupposes “He bought the beer”.( F) 2. Sense and reference are the same aspects of meaning.( F ) 3. A words category can be told straightforward from its meaning.( T ) 4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes.(T ) 5. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is grammatical. ( T ) 6. “The student in the sentence The student liked the linguistic lecture” and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student” belong to the same syntactic category.( F ) 7. Compounds with a preposition are in the category of the prepositional part of the compound. (T ) 8. Like other phrases, Infl takes an NP as its specifier and a VP category as its complement.( T ) 9. Linguistic context is concerned with the probability of words or expressions co-occurring or collocating with each other. ( T ) 10. When the two words are in the same grammatical category, the compound will be in this category. ( F ) 11. Linguistics is the course of language.( F ) 12.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form. ( T ) 13. Articulatory phonetics is concerned about how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds. ( F ) 14. Language system is genetically transmitted. ( T) 15. Phonology is the study of the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables. (T) 16. Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items,