英语单词象似性English Iconicity及其对单词记忆和教学的重大启示

EnglishIconicity英语中的象似性文字,David所以，aghast见到一个鬼吓呆了。Hiscolleagueswereaghastatthesackings.他的同事们对于这些解雇感到很吃惊。,zws,Agony,Agony:（肉体或精神的）极度痛苦，创痛Agonyisgreatphysicalormentalpain.David解字：谐音为“爱过你（小三）”极度痛苦。Helayinagonyuntilthedoctorarrived.在医生来到之前，他一直非常痛苦地躺在那里。,zws,Apparition,prn,Apparition:n.（特异景象等的）出现;幽灵,鬼。David解字：appar=appear(出现)；故apparition=（特异景象等的）出现幽灵,鬼。Hesawtheapparitionofhisdeadwife.他看见了他亡妻的幽灵。,zws,Appease,Appease:vt.平息;安抚;抚慰David解字：pease=peace(和平；安宁)Thegovernmenttriedtoappeasediscontentedworkers.政府试图安抚不满的工人们。,zws,Arduous:du:s,Arduous:adj.困难的；艰巨的；费力的Somethingthatisarduousisdifficultandtiring,andinvolvesalotofeffort.David解字：hard(艰难的)h=ard+uous(形容词后缀)=arduousalong,hotandarduousjourney.一段漫长、炎热而又艰苦的旅程,zws,Avenuevinju:,avenuen.林阴道,大街记忆：谐音为“爱吻妞”（洋妞）联想：（洋人）林荫道上爱吻妞。Youcanfindmyhousealongtheavenue.沿着林阴道你能找到我的家。,zws,bald,Bald:秃头的；秃顶的Someonewhoisbaldhaslittleornohaironthetopoftheirhead.Themansbaldheadwasbeadedwithsweat.这个男人的光头上满是汗珠。Sheisgoingbald.她开始谢顶。,b,读音像”ball”(球),zws,Basebeis,Base:卑鄙的；下流的；无耻的Basebehaviourisbehaviourthatisimmoralordishonest.David解字：谐音为“卑死”卑鄙死了。Lovehasthepowertoovercomethebaseremotions.爱能够战胜邪念。,zws,beard,Beard:n.(络腮)胡须Hesdecidedtogrowabeard.他已经决定蓄胡子。两耳之间状如“bd”的毛=beard.,b,d,ear,zws,belly,Belly:n.肚子，腹部；（物体的）圆形或凸起部份；vt.抓住Ifyoucatchanobjectthatismovingthroughtheair,youseizeitwithyourhands.Ijumpeduptocatchaballandfellover.我跳起来接球，结果摔了个跟头,C,zws,Caterpillar,毛虫：Acaterpillarisasmall,worm-likeanimalthatfeedsonplantsandeventuallydevelopsintoabutterflyormoth.lit.“hairycat”(毛毛猫):身上满身毛，行走状如猫的虫子。Cat+pilar=猫+毛发的,包含“hair”的主要字母”air”.,zws,Celibateselbt,Celibate:(因宗教信仰)禁欲的，独身Someonewhoiscelibatedoesnotmarryorhavesex,becauseoftheirreligiousbeliefs.Ce=self;libliveCe+libate=一个人过=独身ImcelibateandIliveaveryserenelifestyle.我是一个独身主义者，过着一种非常平静的生活。,zws,chagringrn,懊恼;窝火;失望Chagrinisafeelingofdisappointment,upset,orannoyance,perhapsbecauseofyourownfailure.ChagrinangryMuchtohischagrin,hedidnotwintherace.使他大为懊恼的是他赛跑没获胜。,zws,Chary,Chary:小心的;谨慎的Ifyouarecharyofdoingsomething,youarefairlycautiousaboutdoingit.解释：fromfullofcaretocareful.Char=care(“h”常为哑音，不发音)Becharyofcatchingcold!当心受凉感冒！,zws,Climb,Climb:vt.节省Ifyouconserveasupplyofsomething,youuseitcarefullysothatitlastsforalongtime.Hewritesonbothsidesofthesheettoconservepaper.他在纸张的两面都写字以节省用纸。,=save,保全；保守,zws,Consort,Consort:来往;厮混;鬼混解字：1.fromcon-togetherwith+sors,sort：lot,destiny.2.Con:共同+sort:种类同类相聚结交;厮混Heregularlyconsortedwithknowndrug-dealers.他经常与几个臭名昭著的毒贩鬼混。,Youshouldconsortwithyourclassmates.你应与同学交往。,物以类聚,Consort,kn,s:t,zws,Handcuffhnd,kf,Hand+cuff:c在此发/k/,与汉语中“卡”的首辅音/声母k(k)一样。Handcuff:可以理解为“把手卡住、抓住的东西”“手铐”。Cuff/kf/拷:ko：两者辅音一样Hewasledawaytojailinhandcuffs.他戴着手铐被送进了监狱。,手拷,zws,Deafdead+ear,d:发音与书写顺序都是从上到下(down)。deaf=down+eaf（ear+force）:耳力下降聋。ManyregularTVprogramsarecaptionedforthedeaf.许多常规的电视节目都为耳聋者配了字幕。,zws,Eari,E,E,谐音为“一耳”,zws,eye,Mariaseyesfilledwithtears.玛丽亚的眼中噙满了泪水。Weeyedeachotherthoughtfully.我们若有所思地打量着对方。,e,e,y,zws,Eloquent,e:像一张樱桃小嘴。O:像张开的嘴。e+o:一人拥有两张嘴雄辩的，有口才的Iheardhimmakeaveryeloquentspeechatthatdinner.在那次晚宴上，我听到他作了一番非常有说服力的陈词。,e,zws,fartf:t,f:气流从唇齿间轻轻吹出，给人“很轻”的感觉。Fly和fart都给人这样的感觉。Fart:vi.放屁。Fart与放fng的首辅音/声母一致：/f/.Hedbeenfartingallnight.他整晚都在放屁。,Superfart!,读音与“放它”谐音,zws,Fatuous,Fatuous:complacentlyorinanelyfoolish.愚蠢的;傻的;笨的David解字：fat(肥胖),容易致人愚蠢。fromLatinfatuusfoolish+-ous,说明fat=fool。Whatafatuousremark!多么愚蠢的话呀！,Fatuous,zws,fetter,fetter:n.脚镣；束缚vt.给上脚镣，束缚David解字：fetter=(feete)+terHesawaboyinfettersinthedungeons.他在地牢里看见一个戴着脚镣的男孩。,zws,Gorgeg:d,Gorge:n.咽喉;山峡，峡谷G:像喉咙。Soamessgorgehadrisensothathecouldhardlyspeak.索米斯的喉咙已经堵得完全说不出话来。(常与rise搭配),G,g,zws,Gulplp,Gulp:vt.狼吞虎咽地吃，吞咽Gulp:未经咀嚼直接从咽喉里进去。Shequicklygulpedhertea.她将茶一饮而尽。,zws,Hedge,Hedge:n.树篱Ahedgeisarowofbushesorsmalltrees,usuallyalongtheedgeofagarden,field,orroad.David解字：H形，处于花园或道路边缘（edge）=树篱Thehedgeofstonesismuchstrongerthanawoodhedge.石头围墙比竹篱笆结实多了。,H,H,zws,hug,hug:vt.怠惰的;好逸恶劳的Someonewhoisindolentislazy.David解字：indol的读音像“indoor”（室内的）整天呆室内的懒惰的。Idontwanttomakefriendswithindolentpersons.我不喜欢和懒惰的人交朋友。,zws,Indulge,Indulge:v.(使自己)沉迷;放纵(自己)David解字：Indulge的读音像“淫荡子”放纵。Onlyrarelywillsheindulgeinaglassofwine.她只是偶尔才喝杯红酒,让自己享受一下。,zws,javelindvlin,javelin:体育比赛中的）标枪Ajavelinisalongspearthatisusedinsportscompetitions.Competitorstrytothrowthejavelinasfaraspossible.j:如古代狩猎用的“标枪、投枪”，给人“投、射、喷、蹦”的感觉。,j,zws,Kin,K:如在“I”我身上长出了更多的手和脚我的家人、家族。Kin:家属，亲属，亲戚Yourkinareyourrelatives.,k,k,Kid,zws,lance,l:表示“长”。Lance:旧时骑兵用的）长矛Alanceisalongspearusedinformertimesbysoldiersonhorseback.,l,l,zws,leer,Leer:v.lithic砾（石）（谐音）Monolithic=一块砾石的Amonolithicsculpture.独块巨石雕塑,Monolith独块巨石,zws,Morbid,Morbidadj.毛病的，病的,由病引起的,病态的；恐怖的David解字：谐音为“毛病的”。amorbidfearofmen.对男人产生病态恐惧。,爱看骷髅？Morbid!,zws,moustachemst:,Moustache:(较长时称作moustaches)髭，八字胡，八字须Amansmoustacheisthehairthatgrowsonhisupperlip.Ifitisverylong,itissometimesreferredtoashismoustaches.,Mouth:嘴巴,Mouth嘴巴之上的毛,moustache,zws,Migratema,ret,M:如“移动”的毛毛虫或蚯蚓移动。Migrate:vi.迁移，移往；移动;移居Farmershavelearnedthattheyhavetomigrateiftheywanttosurvive.农民们已经认识到，想要生存就必须外出打工。,m,m,zws,Move,m,zws,melodymeldi,melody:n.旋律,曲调;美妙的音乐;婉转;悦耳Amelodyisatune.Melodyisthequalityofhavingapleasanttune.谐音“美乐迪”美妙的音乐Hervoicewasfullofmelody.她的声音非常悦耳。,m,移动的音符,zws,nihilism,Nihilism:na,lzm虚无主义Nihilismisabeliefwhichrejectsallpoliticalandreligiousauthorityandcurrentideasinfavouroftheindividual.Whyshouldagreatcommunitylikeauniversitybeafraidofnihilism?为什么像大学这样人才济济的社区要害怕虚无主义呢？,M变成n，少了一半：n表示“消失”或“否定”。,nil:零,zws,Nocturnal,Nocturnal：adj.夜的，夜间的;（动物）夜间活动的；（植物）夜间开花的；乐夜曲的David解字：noct=night;turn=turnortune(曲调)Noct+turn+al=夜间的；夜曲的Starsareanocturnalsight.星星是夜间的景观。,zws,Obesebi:s,Obese:过分肥胖的；臃肿的；虚胖的Ifsomeoneisobese,theyareextremelyfat.Thetendencytobecomeobeseisatleastinparthereditary.发胖至少有一部分是源于遗传。Obesepeopletendtohavehigherbloodpressurethanleanpeople.胖人常常比瘦人血压高。,O,b,谐音：“噢，必死！“,O:圆形、球形,zws,Ocular,Ocular:adj.眼睛的；适于眼睛的；用眼的；视觉的Ocularmeansrelatingtotheeyesortheabilitytosee.Ocu:o+c+u=oh,seeyou!eyes.O:如眼球；see:witheyes.,o,zws,Oglegl,vt.猛撞;撞击(雄性动物的特性)Thethievesfled,rammingthepolicemanscar.小偷撞了警车后逃走了。Theyusedalorrytoramthemaingate.他们用卡车猛撞大门。,zws,ram：公羊,r,r,r,r,羊,r,Ramnam=man,zws,ram,中国“甲骨文”中的“羊”。,r,r,中国“甲骨文”中的“羊”。巧合？,zws,R:“力量”的象征,zws,Race,Race:vt.（使）扯开;（使）撕裂;（使）划破n.裂口David解字：读音像“裂”(粤语更像)。ItriednottoripthepaperasIunwrappedit.我把纸打开的时候，尽量不把它撕破。,zws,Rot,Rot:n.v.(使）腐烂，（使）腐朽解字：被老鼠“rat”咬了以后就开始“腐烂”了。“O”形如“孔、洞、口”腐烂了。Sugarycanneddrinksrotyourteeth.罐装的甜饮料会腐蚀牙齿。,zws,Seek查找,查找=用眼“see+kn”(看),zws,Seek,fromanIndo-EuropeanrootsharedbyLatinsagireperceivebyscent.Theyhavehadtoseekworkaslabourers.他们只好找体力活儿干。,zws,Serenesiri:n,Serene:adj.沉静的，宁静的，安宁的；安详的David解字：serene的读音与silent相似。Thesoundwassoserenethatitseemedunearthly.那种声音听起来是那么宁静，仿佛天外之音。,zws,Shackle(shuko),Shackle:n.手铐，脚镣；束缚(n.v.)David解字：Shackle的发音与“手铐”相似。HeunboltedtheshacklesonBillyshands.他打开了比利的手铐。,zws,Slothsl:,sl,Sloth:n.1.懒惰，怠惰(尤指工作方面)2.树懒(见于中美洲和南美洲)David解字：sloth=slow+thSlothisthemotherofpoverty.懒惰是贫穷的原因。,zws,Soothesu:,S:表示“柔和”。Soothe:vt.安抚;抚慰;使平静Ifyousoothesomeonewhoisangryorupset,youmakethemfeelcalmer.Hewouldtakeherinhisarmsandsootheher.他会把她揽在怀中抚慰她。,美女姐妹大、小“s”，都很”柔和“。,来自smooth:平滑的,zws,Slim,Slim:adj.苗条的，纤细的；细长的(可用于不同的性别)S（美女）+lim(=line:线条)=slimAslimpersonhasanattractivelythinandwell-shapedbody.Jeanispretty,ofslimbuild,withblueeyes.珍妮非常漂亮，身材苗条，有一双蓝色的眼睛。,S,thin,slight,slender,l,zws,Slender,Slender:修长的(指身体细长、体态优美、苗条适中，多用于指女性。)S（美女）+lender(=length:长)=slenderAslenderpersonisattractivelythinandgraceful.Hegazedatherslenderneck.他凝视着她优美的颈部。,C14slendre,ofunknownorigin,l,zws,Slum,Slum:贫民窟Aslumisanareaofacitywherelivingconditionsareverybadandwherethehousesareinbadcondition.S+lum=s+room=破房子=贫民窟谐音为“死烂”贫民窟！,ofunknownorigin,zws,Snakesneik,Snake:n.蛇；奸险的人；卑劣的人S+nake(裸露)=s形不穿衣服的爬行动物=蛇Atthesightofthesnake,thegirldrewback.一看到蛇，那女孩就往后退缩。,s,zws,Serpents:pnt,n.蛇；狡猾的人Aserpentisasnake.fromPIE*serp-:creep（爬）记忆1：serp的读音与“蛇”相似；ent表示名词词尾。记忆2：谐音为“蛇棚”满是蛇。theserpentintheGardenofEden.伊甸园里的那条蛇,s,zws,Sneak,zws,Sneak,Sneak:v.潜行,偷偷溜走；偷偷地做(拿、吃)S+neak来自“snake”Sometimeshewouldsneakoutofhishouselateatnighttobewithme.有时候，他会在深夜里偷偷溜出家与我相会。,蛇的显著特点,zws,Spectacles,Spectacles:n.眼镜；眼镜(spectacle的名词复数)Glassesaresometimesreferredtoasspectacles.David解字：spec=pec=peek=窥视;spectacles=看的工具=眼镜。Glasses=glass+es=玻璃(眼镜的主材料）+es,zws,Toddler,Toddler:学步的孩童Atoddlerisayoungchildwhohasonlyjustlearnedtowalkorwhostillwalksunsteadilywithsmall,quicksteps.T:站立、竖立d:向下（down）Toddler:站起来又