大学英语四unit1.ppt

Unit1,目录,Contents,TheRelationshipBetweenManandNature,TheIcyDefender,TheNormandyLandings,KeyPoint,01,PARTONE,Therelationshipbetweenmanandnature.,Inprimitivesociety,Revere,Manobtainseverythingheneedsfromnaturebyusingsimpletools.Natureposesnumerousthreatstoh-umanexistence.,Intheperiodofagriculturalcivilization,Exploitation,.,Humansbegantoexploitnaturalresourcesandchangenature.Duetothelimitationofproductionlevel,thereisnogreatdamagetonature.,Intheearlyindustrialcivilization,CONQUER,REVENGE,Duringthisperiod,humantechnologyandproductivi-tyimprovedgreatly.,Acidrainduststormairpollution,Humanbeingsarenotsatisfiedwiththeexistinglivingenviron-ment,andconstantlyinnovatetechnologytoconquernature,andtakeitfromnaturewithou-trestraint.,Thisnotonlycausescatastrophicdamagetonature,butalsoleadstotherevengeandpunishmento-fnatureagainsthumanity.,Intheperiodofmoder-ncivilization,Inthe20thcentury,mansexcessiveinterventioninnaturemadepeoplefeelthepowerofnaturalanger.,Theconsciousnessoftheprotectionofnatureisgraduallyincreased.,Resourcesarescarce,fores-tsaredestroyed,arablelandisreduced,andbiologicalspeciesareextinct.,Aseriesofgreenandlow-carbonindustrieshaveemerged.,HARMONIOUS,Humansneednature,weneedresources,weneedtheenvironment,butnaturedoesntneedhumans.,02,PARTTWO,TEXTA,02-1TheIcyDefender,Twowars,1812,NapoleonBonaparte1941,AdolfHitler,02-2TheIcyDefender,BriefintroductionofNapoleonBonaparte,HewasaFrenchstatesmanandmilitaryleaderwhorosetoprominenceduringtheFrenchRevolutionandledseveralsuccessfulcampaignsduringtheFrenchRevolutionaryWars.TheFrenchlaunchedamajorinvasionofRussiainthesummerof1812.ThecampaigndestroyedRussiancitiesbutresultedinthecollapseoftheGrandarmyandinspiredarenewedpushagainstNapoleonbyhisenemies.,02-3TheIcyDefender,NapoleonsCampaignInthespringof1812,Napoleonassembledanarmyof600000menonthebordersofRussia.Shortlyafterwards,hisarmycrossedtheNemanriver.Russiansretreatedeastward,burningcropsandhomes.InAugust,theyengagedatSmolensk,NapoleontookthegambleofpressingontoMoscowafterheconsideredifkeephisarmyinSmolenskforthecomingwinter.,02-4TheIcyDefender,RussianarmyretreatedtosafetyandfledtheircapitalanddecidedtolettheRussianwinterfightthewar.InOctober1812,heretreatedfromMoscowbecauseoflackingoffood,clothandetc.RussiansnearlytrappedtheretreatingFrenchbyburningthebridgesovertheswollenriver.NapoleonledhisarmyretreatwestwardacrossEurope.In1814,Pariswascaptured,hisempireatanend.,02-5TheIcyDefender,BriefintroductionofAdolfHitler,HewasaGermanpoliticianwhowastheleaderoftheNaziParty.InJune1941,HitlerorderedaninvasionoftheSovietUnion.,02-6TheIcyDefender,HitlersinvasionTheinvasionhadthreebroadthrust:againstLeningradandMoscowandthroughtheUkraine.Stalinledpeopletoscorchtheearth,farmsandfactoriesareburned,destroyed.Duringthefirsttenweeks,theRussianssuffferedmorethanamillioncasualties.Inthenorth,GermansclosedinonLeningrad.Asthebattledraggedonintowinter,thecityssituationbecamedesperate.InthecenterofRussia,Germanshadmadenoplansforwintersupplies,astheseverewintersettledovertheSovietUnion,theRussiawinterbroughttheGermanoffensivetoahalt.,02-7TheIcyDefender,Bythesummerof1942,Hitlerhadlaunchedtwonewoffensives.Inthesouth,theGermanscapturedSevastopolandpushedeasttoStalingrad.InNovember1942,theRussianslaunchedacounterback.Germantroopswerefurtherweakenedbyalackoffoodandsuppliesandnoshelterforthewinter.During1943and1944,theSovietarmiespushedtheGermansfrontbacktowardthewest.Inthenorth,theRedArmybrokethesiege.ThesurvivorsofLeningradsawtheinvadersdepart.ByMarch1944,theUkrainefarmingregionwasagaininSoviethands.OnMay91944,Sevastopolwasliberated.,02-8TheIcyDefender,RussiasIcyDefenderNapoleonandHitlerbothunderestimatedtheseverityofwinter.Sonaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign.,03,PARTTHREE,TEXTB,MAINIDEA,TheNormandyLandings,Aim:ToopenupasecondfrontinEurope.ThiswouldliberateFranceandopenthewayforthefinalassaultonGermanyitself.Process:TheassaultonNormandybeganat12:15a.m.Thenthemainairborneassaultwastocommencewithinthehour.Thenavalbombardmentbeganaround5:45a.m.,MAINIDEA,TheNormandyLandings,Consequence:Despitedifficulties,Eisenhowersgamblewiththeelementswastopayoff.TheinvasionforcessucceedinestablishingatoeholdonFrenchsoil.Reinforcementsbegantopourin,thrustingondeepintoFrance.WithinayearHitlersempire,whichhehadboastedwouldlastathousandyears,layinruins.,BACKGROUND,Yeah,atthattimeSovietwasbattlingagainstGermanyandSovietwasthrownintodilemma.LotsoftroopswereruinedandMoscowwasalmostseized.SoStalindemandedhisalliesBritainandAmericadosomethingtorelievehisburden.ButthePrimeMinisterChurchillhadhisownthoughts.Hewantedtobenefitfromthebattlebetweenthetwocountries.Sohetookpainstofindtheexcusesforhisdelay.HesaidBritainhadnoabilitytoopenthesecondbattlefield.WhydidChurchillsayso?BecauseheattachedimportancetotheMiddleEastandtheMediterranean.BritainhadplentyofcoloniesattheseplacesandtheywerelikelytobeattackedbyAxisPowers.Obviously,inhisopinion,defendingBritishinterestswasthemostimportant.Althoughtheopeningofthesecondbattlefieldwasdelayedyearafteryear,AlliedPowersfinallydecidedtolaunchtheplanin1944,BRIEFINTRODUCTION,TheNormandyInvasionwasamassivebattlefieldactionlaunchedbyTheAntifascistallianceconfederatesinwesternAlliesinEurope.ThebattletookplaceonJune6,1944,earlyat6:30.ThecampaigninAugust19endedaftertheconfederateswentthroughSeine-MarneRiver.TheNormandyInvasionistheworldslargestseaincombatbyfar,involvingnearly3millionsoldierscrossingthechannelinNormandyinFrance.TensofthousandsofSecondWorldWarveteransfromallovertheworldhavebeengatheringinNormandyinnorthwesternFranceoftheD-DayLandings,thehugemilitaryoperation,whichgavealliesforcesthefootholdtheyneededtoendtheNazioccupationofEurope.,Inthisinvasion,theAlliesstartsout1200warships,10,000planes,4126landingyachts,804transportwarships,hundredsoftankswith156,000warriors(73000Americansoliders,83,000BritishandCanadiansoliders),dividingintofivepartstostartaviolentattacktowardtheNormandyseabeachandstartlanding.,SIGNIFICANCE,NormandyLandingwasahistoriccampaigninlaterperiodoftheSecondWorldWar.ThealliesincludeAmerican,Canada,France,Britain,Poland,HollandandNorway,theyopenupthesecondbattlefieldinEurope,whichexpeditedthedownfallofGermany.Thecampaignwithgreatextentandcruelbattleswasrareinhumanhistory.Andthiscampaignprovidedthefoundationfortheworld-wideliberation.,04,PARTFOUR,KEYPOINT,TEXTA,ButhewasnotpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow-theraw,bitter,bleakRussianwinter.Translation:但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。“thatmethiminMoscow”isanattributiveclausemodifying“thedevastatingenemy”.,TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslow-movingsupplylines.Become/be/get/boggeddown:becomestuckandunabletomakeprogress.Eg:Thegrasslandcanbemuddyafterarain,andwithonecarelessslipavehiclecangetboggeddown.,Caughtoffguardbytheinvasion,SovietleaderJosephStalininstructedtheRussianpeopleto“scorchtheearth”infrontoftheGermaninvaders.Caughtoffguard:takesb.bysurpriseEg:Planningdecreasestressbecauseyoufocusyourenergyonslovingaproblemratherthanbeingcaughtoffguard.,campaign,campaignn.aseriesofmilitaryoperationsorplannedactivitieswithaparticularaim.v.totakepartinorleadacampaign,forexampletoachievepoliticalchangeorinordertowinanelection.,Campaign,battle,war,1,3,2,通常指大的战争中，某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动，还用来表示政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动。,战争的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。,战斗，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。,limp,1.vi.walkwithdifficulty,aswhenonefootorlegishurtorstiff.(一瘸一拐地走）2.ceedwithdifficultyinaspecifieddirection.(困难地航行）3.adj.lackingstrengthorstiffness.(无力的，无生气的，松软的）eg:Thepainincreasesasyoucontinuerunningandwilltypicallycauseyoutolimp.Itwastooweaktoliftitslimppaws.,engage,2,4,1,3,与建立密切关系；尽力理解tobecomeinvolvedwithandtrytounderstandingsb/sth,雇用，聘用toemploysbtodoaparticularjob,吸引（注意力、兴趣）tosucceedinattractingandkeepingsbsattentionandinterest,与（某人）交战/开战tobeginfightingwithsb,instruct,1.giveordersordirectionstosb.Eg:Sheinstructthestudentstoworkontheirpronunciation.Pattern:instructsbtodosth.instructsb.thatinstructsbwithaquote2.teach(sb.)Eg:LastOctober,hefoundatutortoinstructhimforanhouraday,fivedaysaweek.,04,PARTFOUR,KEYPOINT,TEXTB,1.obstacle障碍物n.athingthatblocksoneswaye.g.Herfathersoppositionremainedtheironlyobstacle.2.incase万一；假使Soastobesafeif(sth.)happense.g.Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot.,KEYPOINT,Incaseof如果，假使Inanycase无论如何，不管怎样Inthatcase既然那样；假使那样的话,ObstacleBarrierObstructionBar,3.holdout提供offer;last;standfaste.g.Theforthcomingtalksholdoutthehopeofrealarmsreductions.4.dueto由于Becauseofe.g.Hewaslateduetotheveryheavytraffic.,KEYPOINT,5.ontheeveof在前夕Immediatelybeforee.g.Wearegoingtohaveafa