希腊神话Greek mythology英语

,GreekMythology,2010级商英语047号庄玲玲,GreekMythologyisagroupoftraditionaltalestoldbytheancientGreeksaboutthedeedsofgods,heroesandtheirrelationswithhumanbeings.希腊神话讲了很多古希腊的故事，有神、英雄的故事以及他们和普通人类之间的关系。TheGreekmythologyisanimportantpartoftheancientculturewhichhasvastanddeepinfluenceonthewholewesternculture.希腊神话是古文化重要的一部分，与整个西方文化有着广泛而又紧密的联系。ItsgreatinfluenceupontheEnglishlanguageandliteratureisbeyonddescription.AgreatnumberofwordsandidiomsintheEnglishlanguagecomefromtheGreekmythology.它在英语和文学作品方面的巨大影响力是无法形容的。英语中的很多单词和语言表达方式都是来自希腊神话。,TheOriginalWorld,古希腊：天地起于卡尔斯圣经：起初神创造天地。地是空虚混沌。渊面黑暗。中国：天地浑沌如鸡子，盘古生其中,天地的原初,AncientGreek:chaosHolyBible：Nowtheearthwasformlessandempty,darknesswasoverthesurfaceofthedeepChina:Panguepoch-making,chaos卡俄斯（KhaosChaos希腊语：）：混沌之神。,宇宙之初，只有卡俄斯（即“混沌”)。卡俄斯和盖亚创造了大海、大山、神还有妖怪，并赋予他们生命。后来盖亚与她的儿子乌拉诺斯结婚，由此产生了以克罗诺斯为首的12泰坦。.,Inthebeginning,theuniverseisacosmosevolvingfromChaos.ChaosandGaea(theearth)generateeverythingthatexists,includingseas,mountains,godsandmonsters.ThenGaeasmatingwithhersonUranus（thesky),whichproduces12TitanswithGronusastheirleader.,混沌之神chaos,卡俄斯及五大创世神,大地盖亚,GaiaistheGreekgodoftheearth,sheisthemotherofthegods,Zeusandothergodscomefromher.古希腊的盖亚是大地之神，也是众神之母，宙斯等诸神都来自她。,theTitans（十二泰坦）,Cronus(克罗诺斯):天空之神。Rhea(瑞亚):时光女神。Oceanus(俄刻阿诺斯):水之神。Tethys(泰西斯):沧海女神。俄刻阿诺斯之妻。Crius(克瑞斯):生长之神。Lapetus(伊阿佩托斯):灵魂之神。阿忒拉斯、普罗米修斯、厄庇米修斯和墨诺提俄斯之父。Phoebe(福柏):月之女神。月之女神勒托与阿斯特瑞亚之母。Coeus(科俄斯):智力之神。Themis(忒弥斯):秩序和正义女神。宙斯第二位妻子,时序三女神母。Mnemosyne(谟涅摩叙涅):记忆之神。宙斯第五位妻子,九缪斯之母。Hyperion(许配利翁):光之神Thea(忒亚):许配利翁之妻。,三个巨眼神Cyclops（库克洛佩斯）,布戎忒斯（Brontes）斯忒罗佩斯Steropes阿耳戈Argesthunderer“lightningbright,百臂神Hekatonkheires,theGods（十二主神）,Zeus(宙斯):thegodofthesky.Hera(赫拉):thegoddessofmarriageandchildbirth.Poseidon(波塞冬):thegodofthesea,protector.Hades(哈迪斯):thegodthedeadandwealth.Hestia(赫斯提亚):thegoddessoftheHearth(灶台).Ares(阿瑞斯):thegodofwar.Hermes(赫尔墨斯):thegodofthievesandcommerce.Hephaestus(赫斯菲托斯):thegodoffireandtheforge(熔炉).Apollo(阿波罗):thegodoflight.Artemis(阿尔忒弥斯):thegoddessofchastity,virginity,thehunt,themoon,andthenaturalenvironment.Athena(雅典娜):theGreekvirgingoddessofreason,intelligentactivity,artsandliterature.Aphrodite(阿弗洛狄德):thegoddessoflove,desireandbeauty.,希腊诸神谱系简图,卡俄斯厄瑞玻斯该亚纽克斯厄罗斯塔尔塔罗斯蓬托斯乌拉诺斯阿佛洛狄特其他提坦瑞亚克洛诺斯宙斯赫拉波塞顿哈得斯德墨忒尔赫斯提亚子嗣赫淮斯托斯参见宙斯子嗣,Zeus宙斯,Godthefather,andthegroundsovereignrulerofallthings.天神之父，地上万物的最高统治者。,ZeusisthesonofCronusandRachel.Hesinchargeofthecelestial.Heisfamousforhismanyaffairs.ManygodsofOlympusandGreekheroesishischildrenwithdifferentwoman.Hissymbolsarethethunderbolt,eagle,bull,andoak.ZeusisfrequentlydepictedbyGreekartistsinoneoftwoposes:standing,stridingforward,withathunderboltleveledinhisraisedrighthand,orseatedinmajesty.宙斯是克洛诺斯和瑞亚之子，掌管天界；以贪花好色著称，奥林匹斯的许多神祇和许多希腊英雄都是他和不同女人生下的子女。他以雷电为武器，维持着天地间的秩序，公牛和鹰是他的标志。宙斯经常被希腊艺术家描述成两种姿势:站立,大步向前,把霹雳放在他举起的右手,或威严的坐着。,Zeus宙斯,HeismarriedtoHerabut,isfamousforhismanyaffairs,Zeus宙斯,Cronusisthecombinationofflextronicsanddamaging,hiswifeisinchargeoftimespassed.Rachelhadmanychildren,butwhenachildisborn,heeat.WhenRachelgavebirthtoZeus,sheisdeterminedtoprotectthelittlelife.Shewrappedastonewithaclothandliedthatitisthenewbaby,Cronusswallowthestone.Sohedodgedabullet.HewasCronusssisterfugoddess.克洛诺斯是时间的创力和破坏力的结合体，他的妻子是掌管岁月流逝的女神瑞亚。瑞亚生了许多子女，但每个孩子一出生就被克洛诺斯吃掉。当瑞亚生下宙斯时，她决心保护这个小生命。她用布裹住一块石头谎称这是新生的婴儿，克洛诺斯将石头一口吞下肚里。于是，宙斯躲过一劫，他被送到克洛诺斯的姐姐宁芙女神那里抚养。,Zeus宙斯,真正的婴孩则在克里特岛产下。宙斯长大后，从父亲肚内救出兄弟姐妹，于是以前被吞下的波塞顿(,Poseidon)、黑帝斯(,Hades)、赫拉(,Hera)、得墨忒耳(,Demeter)和赫斯提亚(,Hestia)便再生了。虽然他们实应算作宙斯的哥哥和姐姐，但因为他们是被吞入后再被吐出的，可看作一种重生，于是尊宙斯为大哥。他们联合起来，一同对抗父亲与泰坦族。,战争进行了十年，几乎要毁掉宇宙，但始终分不出胜负。后来宙斯听从祖母大地女神盖亚之意，前去拯救被囚的独眼巨人族和百臂巨人族。为了报答这份恩情，独眼巨人送给宙斯闪电火，给波塞顿三叉戟，而给黑帝斯隐形头盔；百臂巨人则在战场上奋勇作战。最后终于战胜了克洛诺斯。宙斯将那些战败的泰坦族囚禁在地下世界的监狱中。为了避免他们逃走，宙斯命令哈帝斯在监狱四周建造青铜门窗以及墙壁，再令百臂巨人负责看守。,Hera（神后赫拉）,Zeuswifeandsister.Queenofthegods.Goddessofmarriageofmarriageandchildbirthandtakesspecialcareofmarriedwomen.Jealousy,Hera（神后赫拉）,HerequivalentinRomanmythologywasJuno(婚姻保护女神).Thecowandpeacockaresacredtoher.MoststoriesconcerningHerahavetodowithherjealousrevengeforZeussinfidelities（不信神，不忠）.butevenif,Heraneverbetrayherhusband.,WhenZeusfalledinlovewithHera,heoftenbecomeacuckooclosetoher,solatercuckoobecomethegoddessofholybirds.Inordertocelebrationtheirmarrige,theearthgainedalotofappletrees,thetreescoveredwithgoldenapples,theappletreeisalsothetreeoflife.,Hera（神后赫拉）,Jealouslyshehatedeachgirlthathaveacloserelationshipwithherhusband,sheusedherpowerandstatustopunishthosewomen.SheoftendestructionZeusscheating,Becauseofconcernsabouther,heoftenfeelhelpless,evencantprotectherlover.,Onvetherewasakindomcalledkwaiella,butherahatesitbecausethenameisthesameasherrivalsname.Shesentaterribleplaguetothewholeisland.瘴气和令人窒息的毒雾弥漫山野，阴惨惨的浓雾裹住了太阳，然而就是不下一场雨。四个月过去了，海岛上天天刮着闷热的南风，地上升起一股股死之气息，池塘和河流里的水全都发绿变臭，荒芜的田野里毒蛇成群。它们的毒液渗流在井水或河水里，四处泛滥。疯狗、疯牛，疯羊、飞禽走兽全都疯了。最后，瘟疫灾害也降临到人的身上。尸横遍野，一片恶臭。,AmortalgirlAntiochisverybeautiful,especiallyherlonghair,whichwassocharming,thatshewanttocomparewithHera.Dayslaterinanger,shechangeherhairintoasnake,torturedandtorebiteherscalp,scary.finallyZeussentsheturnherintocrane.Fromnowonthepoorgirlcanonlysawherappearanceinthewater.,anappleofdiscord,AllthegodwasinvitedfortheweddingofOceangoodnessexcpetRhys.Thegodnessisveryangry,torevenge,sheputsagoldenappleonthefloorinthebanqetquickly.Theapplesays,tomostbeautifulpeopleThereuponHera,AthenaandAfloVenusDite(Venus)thattheprizeshouldbetheirown,Neithercouldconvincetheother.EvenZues.ZuesletthethreegoddessestofindParis,aprinceofTroy,tomakethefinaljudgment.,Theirpromise,Hera:promisetolethimbetherichestking.,Athena:promisedtolethimbethemostcleverestmasculinecharmpersonintheworld,Venus:promisedtosendthemostbeautifulgirlintheworldtobehiswife,Anappleofdiscord,ParisglanceatVenus,andfromthenhefallinlovewithher,becauseofhergorgeousnesslookandstunningeyes.Finally,theprincechoselove,andgivetheappletothegoddessofloveandbeauty.,so,aretheystaytogetherandleaveahappylifewitheachother?,Aphrodite（阿芙罗狄忒）,维纳斯,Venusisrosefromthesea.Itissaidatthebeginningoftheworld,GaiagoddesswhoruleofheavencombinedwithUranusandgavebirthtoanumberofgiant.Butlatertheyfellout(反目),shecommandedheryoungestsonKronostocuthisfatherwithsickle.Uranusspenisfallintothesea,foamarousing,andVenuswasborn.,Goddessoflove，desireandbeauty.Sherepresentedsex,affection,andtheattractionthatbindspeopletogether.,Aphrodite（阿芙罗狄忒）,Venusisalsoamorous(多情的)too,ShehasaffairwithherbrotherAresMaas(战神)。,Cupid,AndthengavebirthtoCupid(丘比特).,Cupid,thechobespecialtwoarrows,goldenarrowmaketheenemieswillbecomelovers;Theleadarrowmakethecouplebecomeenemy.,Poseidon波塞冬,BrotherofZeus.Godofthesea,protectorofallwaters.Hisweaponisatrident(三叉戟),whichcanshaketheearth,andshatteranyobject.,HeissecondonlytoZeusinpoweramongstthegods.,Poseidonsmarriage,lawfulweddedwife:Amphitrite,Poseidonisawomanizer(好色之徒)likeZeus.Hiswifewasabeautifulfairy（仙女）ofriverbeforebeinghiswife.OnedaysheandhersisterswasdancingonCaseislandisland(纳格索斯岛).Poseidonhadacrushonher(一见钟情),swoopingdownon(猛扑)likeashark.Shedivedintotheseafloorwithafraid,Poseidonimmediatelysentadolphintocatchher.Dolphinsisaswimmer,Amphiwascertainlynomatchforit.Finallyshefelttiredsittinginthebackofdolphinsobediently(乖乖地),becamePoseidonsbride(新娘).,Poseidonschildren,特里同（/Triton）是希腊神话中海之信使,Theironlychild（独生子）namedTriton.Hisupperpartofthebodyisthehumannature,thelowerhalfisfish,andfullofseaweed.Heisamalemermaid（美人鱼）.,Poseidonschildren,人鱼公主：Inlegend,mermaidprincessisPoseidonsyoungestdaughter.Mermaidstears,ishertearsforprince.Translucentamber(半透明琥珀),Poseidonsromance,Poseidon波塞冬,德墨忒耳（DemeterLouseia）,美杜莎（Medusa）,盖亚（Gaia）,阿密（Amymone）,埃特（Aethra）,墨拉尼佩（Melanippe）,迈斯特（Mestra）,蒂罗尔蒂罗尔（Tyro）,埃斯泰帕拉娥（Astypalaea）,Gorgonmedusa蛇发女妖杜美莎,OnceMedusawasabeautifulgirl,shehadthefatalattractiveeyes.Poseidoncoveted（觊觎）herbeauty,herapedMedusaatAthenas(雅典娜)holytemple.ThemovesteppedonAthenastoes(触怒),butshecouldnotpunishPoseidon,soshecursedMedusa.Herhairchangedintocountlesspoisonoussnakes.Beautybecamedevil.Theirwholebodycoverewithagoldenscales，medusasbackgrowswanwings,nohairburonlycoiled，wigglysnakes。butstillhardtohideherbeauty,aslongassomeoneseenhereyes,willattractedbyherbeautyandmagical,thenturnintoastonestatue.Shewaskilledby柏尔修斯。,诸神之战杜美莎,Monsters,Medusa(美杜莎):蛇发女妖。Cerberus(刻耳柏洛斯):三头巨犬。把守冥府的大门。Minotaurus(米诺陶洛斯):牛头怪。Hydra(许德拉):九头蛇。,安菲特里忒（Amphitrite）,sheisthequeenoftheoceanandtheprotectiongodnessoftheMarineanimals.,Athena,Athena（雅典娜，希腊文?）DaughterofZeus.Goddessofwisdomvictoryandwar.,Sheisfierceandbraveinbattlebut,onlywarstodefinedthestateandhomefromoutsideenemies.Hertreeistheolive.Theowl（猫头鹰）isherbird.,因盖亚有预言说墨提斯所生的儿女会推翻宙斯，宙斯遂将她整个吞入腹中，因此宙斯得了严重的头痛症。包括阿波罗在内的所有神都试图对他实施一种有效的治疗，但结果都是徒劳的。众神与人类之父宙斯只好要求火神赫菲斯托斯打开他的头颅。火神那样做了。雅典娜女神令奥林匹斯山诸神惊讶的是：一位体态婀娜、披坚执锐的美丽的女神从裂开的头颅中跳了出来，光彩照人，仪态万方。据说她有宙斯一般的力量，如果加上与生俱来的神盾埃吉斯的力量，她的实力就超过了奥林匹斯的所有神。她是最聪明的女神，是智慧与力量的完美结合。她就是女战神与智慧女神雅典娜，也是雅典的守