过渡词与段落的连贯性

过渡词与段落的连贯性,TransitionalWordsandCoherence,写文章要讲究连贯性。为了使段落中的文字连贯，文意表达得自然、流畅，我们应特别注意过渡词（transitionalwords）的运用。过渡词是一种关系指引词，其作用是连接上下文，使文章保持连贯、自然、通顺。过渡词可以用于句子与句子之间的连接，还可以用于段落与段落之间的连接。这里，我们只重点讨论过渡词用于句子之间的连接。,文章中是否恰当地使用了过渡词，写作的效果可能大不一样。下面是两篇同样内容的文章，一篇较好地使用了过渡词，而另一篇则在该用时没有用。请进行比较：,(1)Nooneknowsthevalueofhealthuntilhelosesit.Nothingismorevaluablethanhealth.Healthisthefoundationofonesfuturesuccess.Ifyoubecomesick,itisnearlyimpossibletopursueyourcareereffectively,muchlessmakeyourdreamcometrue.Ifyouarehealthyandstrong,youcangoallouttoovercometheobstaclesthatlieaheadofyou.,(2)Astheproverbsays,Nooneknowsthevalueofhealthuntilhelosesit.Inotherwords,nothingismorevaluablethanhealth.Itisclearthathealthisthefoundationofonesfuturesuccess.Ifyoubecomesick,itisnearlyimpossibletopursueyourcareereffectively,muchlessmakeyourdreamscometrue.Ontheotherhand,ifyouarehealthyandstrong,youcangoallouttoovercometheobstaclesthatlieaheadofyou.,Wenowknowthathealthisthesourceofourenergy,whatshouldwedotomaintainandenhanceourhealth?Weshouldexerciseeverydaytostrengthenourmuscles.Wemightaswellkeepgoodhours.Ifwegetupearly,wecanbreathefreshairandseethesunrise,.Thishabitcandowondersforouroutlookonlife.Preventionisbetterthancure.Ifyoupaycloseattentiontoyourhealth,youcanavoidgettingsick,oratleastcureyourselfofadiseasewhileitisstillinitsearlystage.,Nowthatweknowhealthistheresourceofourenergy,whatshouldwedotomaintainandenhanceourhealth?First,weshouldexerciseeverydaytostrengthenourmuscles.Second,wemightaswellkeepgoodhours.IfwegetupearlyIwecanbreathefreshairandseethesunrise.Thishabitcandowondersforouroutlookonlife.Finally,thereisaproverbthatsays,Preventionisbetterthancure.Ifyoupaycloseattentiontoyourhealth,youcanavoidgettingsick,oratleastcureyourselfofadiseasewhileitisstillinitsearlystage.,Healthismoreimportantthanwealth.Thosewhoarerichbutlosetheirhealtharenomorefortunatethanthosewhoarepoor.Ifyouwantyourwishtocometrue,healthisthemostimportantfactorofyoursuccess.,Inconclusion,healthismoreimportantthanwealth.Thosewhoarerichbutlosetheirhealtharenomorefortunatethanthosewhoarepoor.Ifyouwantyourwishtocometrue,healthisthemostimportantfactorofoursuccess.,上面的斜体词语是过渡词。我从两篇文章的对比中不难看出恰当地运用过渡词可以使段落表达层次格外分明，并且并且文意流畅。,过度词分类如下：,（一）表示时间afterward以后atpresent目前atthesametime同时currently目前inthemeantime同时lately最近,recently最近sincethen之后soon不久soonafter不久之后today现在,用法举例,(1)Atpresent,/Currently,/Today,/Recently,/Latelymoreandmorepeoplearerealizingtheimportanceofprotectingourenvironment.,用法举例,(2)Meanwhile,/Inthemeantime,/Atthesametime,/Sincethen,/peoplehavebecomemoreandmoreinterestedinlearningEnglish.,(二)表示次序的过度词,Firstofall,首先First,Second,Third,Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly,.First,Then,Finally,Inthefirstplace,首先Tobeginwith,Next,Finally,首先其次最后,用法举例,Ourstandardoflivingtodayinmuchhigherthatitwasbefore.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatthespiritualqualityofourliveshasalsoimproved.Whatshouldwedo?Firstly,/Firstofall,/InthefirstPlace,wemustunderstandthatmoneycantbuyhappiness.Dontbeslavetoit.,Second,weshouldspendtimewithfriendsandfamily.Andthird,weshouldfindtimetolistentothebirdssing,andseethebeautifulscenery.,(三)表示原因、理由和结果的过度词,Accordingly于是Asaresult因此Because因为Becauseof由于Consequently因此Dueto由于Forthisreason由于这个原因Hence因此,Inthisway这样So因此Therefore因此Thus因此,用法举例,（1）Becauseof/Duetoscience,wenowlivesafer,morecomfortableandconvenientlives.(2)Ourstandardoflivingtodayismuchhigherthanitwasbefore.Asaresult,moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtheirownhousesandcars.,Itisimportanttohavegoodplansifwewanttobesuccessful,Inthisway,/So,/Forthisreason,/Becauseofthis,/Therefore,/Asaresult,/Consequently,itismostimportanttohaveagoodbeginningwheneverwewanttoaccomplishsomething.,（四）表示比较或对比的过度词,Conversely相反的Despite纵使Equallyimportant同样的重要Inspiteofall纵使,Likewise同样地Nevertheless不过Onthecontrary相反的Ontheotherhand另一方面Similarly同样地,用法举例,（1）Despite/Inspiteofalltheheartachesandthedifficulties,acollegeeducationisstillourbestpassporttosuccess.,用法举例,（2）Ifwelackedfreedoms,peoplecouldnotsaywhattheyfelt.Ontheotherhand,/Conversely,ifwelackedlaws,thensocietywouldbedisorderlyandviolent.,用法举例,（3）Jonescasewasdismissed,Similarly,sowerethechargesagainstSmith.(4)CongresscanpassalawandthePresidentmaysignit.Nevertheless,theSupremeCourtcandeclareitunconstitutional.,（五）表示进一步说明或强调的过度词,Besides此外Furthermore此外Inaddition此外Inparticular特别地Moreover此外Whatismore另外,用法举例,(1）Nowitstimetobecomeconcernedwiththefutureofours.Inparticular,wemustpayenoughattentiontotheproblemofpollution.,(2)Asthissocietylookstoeducationhighly,thereisasenseofdignityandprideinreceivingacollegeeducation.Inaddition,/Furthermore,/Besides,/Whatsmore,IbelievewithacollegeeducationIcanservemyfellowmenandmycountrybetter.,(六)表示总结、结论的过度词,Ashasbeennoted如前所述AsIhavesaid如我所述Inbrief简言之Inconclusion总之Inshort简言之Tosumup总之,用法举例,（1）Inconclusion,letusencouragetheexchangeofideasandopinionsbymeansofdebates.,(2)Inshort,/Inbrief,/Tosumup,/Insummary,Ithinkthatthetimehascomefortheintroductionofstrictmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.,(3)Ashasbeennoted,/AsIhavesaid,countrylifeismorebeneficialthancitylife.,（七）文章开头常用的过度词及其他短语,Astheproverbsays正如谚语所言Everybodyknowsthat每个人都知道generallyspeaking,一般来说Itisknowntousthat.众所周知Itistruethat.的确Manypeoplearemuchinterestedinthequestionthat许多人都对感兴趣,(八)文章结尾常用的过度词及其他短语,Eventually,最后Fromthispointofview,从这个观点来看Inmyopinion,依我来看Insummary,Onaccountofthis,wecanfindthat由此我们可以发现Onthewhole,总起来讲Personally,我个人认为Thus,thisisthereasonwhywemust-因此，这就是我们为什么必须,Exercise,(1)AnEnglishproverbsays,Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.Thissayingisindeedfulloftruth.Weshouldregarditasourmotto(座右铭).,Ex：找出所使用的过度词，并看看能否用其他过度词替换,(1)AnEnglishproverbsays,Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.Thissayingisindeedfulloftruth.Weshouldregarditasourmotto(座右铭).,(2)Itgoeswithoutsayingthatafirmresolutionisthemostimportantelementofsuccess.Inotherwords,asuccessfulmanmustpossessafirmresolutionandaninflexiblespirit.Onthecontrary,amanwithoutafirmresolutionwillnotsucceedallhislife.,(2)Itgoeswithoutsayingthatafirmresolutionisthemostimportantelementofsuccess.Inotherwords,asuccessfulmanmustpossessafirmresolutionandaninflexiblespirit.Onthecontrary,amanwithoutafirmresolutionwillnotsucceedallhislife.,（3）ItisquiteclearthatEnglishhasbecomeaninternationallanguagebecauseithasbeenusedbymostofthenationsintheworld.Inotherwords,youmaymakeatriproundtheworldwithoutbeingmisunderstoodifyouknowEnglish.,（3）ItisquiteclearthatEnglishhasbecomeaninternationallanguagebecauseithasbeenusedbymostofthenationsintheworld.Inotherwords,youmaymakeatriproundtheworldwithoutbeingmisunderstoodifyouknowEnglish.,（4）Generallyspeaking,menwhopossessknowledgearemorepowerfulthanthosewithoutknowledge.Inotherwords,theeducatedclassalwaysrulesovertheignorantpeople.Thisisanunchangeabletruth.,（4）Generallyspeaking,menwhopossessknowledgearemorepowerfulthanthosewithoutknowledge.Inotherwords,theeducatedclassalwaysrulesovertheignorantpeople.Thisisanunchangeabletruth.,（5）Iamoftheopinionthatthosewhohavethehabitofrisingearlywillsurelydothingswithspirit.Theycanendurelongperiodsofhardshipwithoutbeingtired;theywillsucceedinanythingtheydo.Inotherwords,risingearlyisoneofthesecretsofsuccess.However,itisagreatpitythatmostpeopleacquirethebadhabitofrisinglate.Thereasonisthattheyfailtofullyunderstandtheadvantageofrisingearly.,（5）Iamoftheopinionthatthosewhohavethehabitofrisingearlywillsurelydothingswithspirit.Theycanendurelongperiodsofhardshipwithoutbeingtired;theywillsucceedinanythingtheydo.Inotherwords,risingearlyisoneofthesecretsofsuccess.However,itisagreatpitythatmostpeopleacquirethebadhabitofrisinglate.Thereasonisthattheyfailtofullyunderstandtheadvantageofrisingearly.,(6)Everybodyknowsthatthereisnothingdifficultintheworld.Ifonlywehavemadeupourmindstodoit,wecansurelyaccomplishit.Thefinalvictorywillnaturallybeours.Thechiefreasonwhywefailindoingthingsisthatwewillfeeldejected(沮丧的)assoonasweareconfrontedwithdifficulties.Theresultwillnaturallybeafailuretoaccomplishanything.,(6)Everybodyknowsthatthereisnothingdifficultintheworld.Ifonlywehavemadeupourmindstodoit,wecansurelyaccomplishit.Thefinalvictorywillnaturallybeours.Thechiefreasonwhywefailindoingthingsisthatwewillfeeldejected(沮丧的)assoonasweareconfrontedwithdifficulties.Theresultwillnaturallybeafailuretoaccomplishanything.,(7)Weknowthatmostofthevaluablebooks,newspapersandmagazinesarewritteninEnglish.Ifwewanttoreadthemtoincreaseourknowledge,wemustlearnEnglish.Furthermore,weshouldalsolearnEnglishifwewanttodobusinesswithforeigncountries.ThereasonisthatEnglishisspokenbythemajorityofforeigners,(7)Weknowthatmostofthevaluablebooks,newspapersandmagazinesarewritteninEnglish.Ifwewanttoreadthemtoincreaseourknowledge,wemustlearnEnglish.Furthermore,weshouldalsolearnEnglishifwewanttodobusinesswithforeigncountries.ThereasonisthatEnglishisspokenbythemajorityofforeigners.,(9)Inconclusion,countrylifeismorebeneficialthancitylife.Inotherwords,itismoreimportantforpeopletoliveahappy,peacefulandhealthylifethanitisforthemtoleadanexciting,nervousandunhealthyexistence.,(9)Inconclusion,countrylifeismorebeneficialthancitylife.Inotherwords,itismoreimportantforpeopletoliveahappy,peacefulandhealthylifethanitisforthemtoleadanexciting,nervousandunhealthyexist