【PPT】Grammar Module 6（英语外研必修五）.ppt

外研版高二年级(必修5)Module6,GrammarTheAttributiveClause,1.定义：,又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。,2.先行词：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,3.关系代词、关系副词：,引导定语从句的词,关系代词,关系副词,who,whom,whose,which,that,when,where,why,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语,在定语从句中作状语,Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.,句子主干：定语从句：先行词：关系代词：,Adictionaryisabook.,whichgivesthemeaningofwords.,book,which,4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句,限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物;主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开,引导词:关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,引导词:as,who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略,限制性定语从句举例：1.TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.2.Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.3.InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.,非限制性定语从句举例：1.Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.2.China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.3.LastsummerIvisitedthePeoplesGreatHall,inwhichmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.,1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.,(她还有其他哥哥。),(她只有一个哥哥。),2.Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.,(带插图的书写得好。),(所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图),关系代词的用法,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可略）,TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.,3.whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。,1.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.,3.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?,HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.,4which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。,1.Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2.Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.,5.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?2.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.,(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为all,few,everything,anything,nothing,none,little,some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可),(2)Therebe句型中用that。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime(that)IaminBeijing.,(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。,Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?,WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?,(5)当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.,(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修饰。,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(1)紧跟介词作宾语Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)作定语Hemaybelate,inwhichcase,weshouldwaitforhim.,在下列情况下,一般用which而不that。,as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别,which引导的从句只能放在主句之后；as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”或“andthat”.译为“这一点”。as只能代指整个主句的内容。常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构:asisknown,asisreported,asissaid,asisexpected,asweknow,etc.,1.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.2.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.3.TaiwanbelongstoChina,asisknowntoall.4.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.5.Hedidntcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.,3.as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；而which则不一定。Heisverystrict,asisshowninhiswork.4.先行词前有thesame,such限定时，关系词只能用as.Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).Dontreadsuchbooksasarebeyondyourability.,当先行词受thesame修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.,5.主从之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往用which。Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.,关系副词的用法,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.,onwhich,Illneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.,when在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,Thelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.,where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示地点的名词。相当于“介词+which”。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance,等先行词。Therearecaseswherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.,why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于reason之后，相当于forwhich。,thereasonwhyisthat的原因是,他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。,Thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss.,Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.,在thereasonwhy结构中，why引导定语从句，它也可以换为forwhich或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。3.thereasonisthat结构中，只能用that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。,【例1】Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who,【解析】本题的第一个空格处应填入表示时间的关系副词when，在从句中作状语。答案：B。,【例2】CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which,【解析】“我个人所怀疑的”是“到十月份这工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是October,而是前面整个主句的内容。答案：D。,【例3】Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.A.heB.thisC.whichD.who,【解析】“John说他在办公室工作一个小时了，这件事情是真的”所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句。答案：C。,【例4】Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he,答案C。此为非限定性从句,不能用that修饰,而用which,it和he都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。,【例5】Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。,【例6】TheEnglishplay_mystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich,本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过拆分我们可以得MystudentsactedintheEnglishplayattheNewYearsparty,所以答案为C。,【例7】_isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What【例8】Iworkinabusiness_almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that,【例9】Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,在该句中，主句中所缺部分为表语，从句中缺少宾语。只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，相当于：theonethat/which所以应选D。,【例10】Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,该句中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。,【例11】Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.FromwhichD.forwhich,A关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立句子应该是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.,I.从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever,2.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_arebeyondourcontrol.A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.mostofwhatD.mostofthat,3.Occasionsarequiter