新概念英语第三册第20课.ppt

L20Pioneerpilots飞行员的先驱,SummerywritingofL19,Mrs.Ramsayreceivedananonymousletterthreedaysafterhercatsdisappearance.Thewriteroftheletterdemanded1,000forthereturnofthecat,andwarnedshewouldneverseehimagainifshewenttothepolice.Shehadtoputthemoneyincardboardboxandleaveitoutsideherdoor.Afterdrawing1,000fromherbank,sheactedonthekidnappersinstructions.Themoneydisappearedthefollowingmorning,andhercat,Rastus,returnedatsevenoclockthatevening.,Newwordsandexpression生词和短语,pioneern.先驱vi.vt.开拓,为开路,作先驱者youngpioneer少先队员thepioneeroftheWomensLiberationMovement妇女解放运动的先驱apioneerofoperation手术的开创者-eer:volunteer志愿者;engineer工程师;mountaineer登山者;auctioneer拍卖人；竞争者profiteer暴利获得者，奸商;,lordn.对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵lordshipn.贵族权力,贵族身份lordlyadj.adv.高傲的,贵族般地,有气派地mylord阁下（对某些贵族、法官及主教的尊称）theLord上帝theHouseofLords上议院；theHouseofCommons下议院livelikealord过着贵族般的生活;lordofcreation万物之灵；人类;treatsb.likealord阔绰地款待某人Duken.公爵(Duchess)Marquisn.(英国等的)侯爵(Marchioness)Count伯爵（Countess)(Earln.伯爵)Viscountn.(英国的)子爵Baronn.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位),大财主（女性为：Baroness）,Calaisn.加来（法国港市）overlandadj.陆上的;横跨陆地的；anoverlandroute陆上路线totraveloverland（作）陆上旅行overnightn.头天晚上adj.通宵的,晚上的,前夜的adv.在前一夜,整夜,昨晚一晚上anovernighttrip一整夜的旅行anovernightguest过夜的客人overpopulatedadj.人口过密的,人口过剩的overseasadv.海外adj.外国的,海外的overseastudent海外留学生overseaChinese华侨,over+动词（over表示超过）overeatvt.使吃过量vi.吃得过多oversleepvt.(使)睡过头vi.睡过头,睡得太久overworkn.过度工作v.(使)工作过度overchargev.讨价过高,使过量装填,过度充电n.超载,过重的负担,过度充电overestimatevt.评价过高n.估计的过高,pilotn.飞行员,领航员,引水员enginen.发动机,机车,火车头Calais加来（法国北部港市）latestadj.最后的,最迟的,最新的,最近的n.最新消息,最新式样lastvi.持续,支持,维持Dovern.多佛（英国东南部的港口）,Text课文,WhatwasthenameofthefirstplanetoflyacrosstheEnglishChannel?,Explanation,In1908LordNorthcliffeofferedaprizeof1,000tothefirstmanwhowouldflyacrosstheEnglishChannel.,(1)offersth.tosb.=offersb.sth.offeraprizeofforsth因为提供奖励Eg.Thepoliceofferedarewardforanyinformation.offeroneshandtosb.(=shakehandswithsb.)offeridentitycard出示身份证offeraprice($300)forsth.(thehorse)出价awardaprize提供奖励TheschoolawardedMerryaprizeforhergoodwork.学校因为她工作好而奖励了梅丽.,Explanation,In1908LordNorthcliffeofferedaprizeof1,000tothefirstmanwhowouldflyacrosstheEnglishChannel.,(2)flyacross飞越sailacross横渡swimacross游过comeacross通过遇上碰到eg.Icameacrossagroupofchildrenplaying.我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。Wedliketoidentify(认同）andcelebratewomenssuccesswheneverwecomeacrossit.每当女性取得成功，我们都会表示认同并予以颂扬。Whensober(adj.头脑清醒的，没喝醉的)hecancomeacross(给人印象)asanextremelypleasantandcharmingyoungman.没喝醉的时候，他看上去似乎是个极为彬彬有礼、讨人喜欢的小伙子。,Explanation,Overayearpassedbeforethefirstattemptwasmade.,(1)“before”作为连词的用法：其基本含义是“在之前”，也可以根据语境的不同灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就”、“就”等等含义。1）与情态动词can/could连用，这时从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语习惯译成“还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发生之前主句的动作已经发生。BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.Beforeshecoldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.,2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精力多，译成“才”；Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawlands.Wewaitedalongtimebeforethetrainarrived.3)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间、距离短，或花费的精力少，译成“不到就”；Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.4)主句含有hardly、scarcely等半否定词时，可以译成“刚就”，这时主句过去完成时，从句过去时，且可以用when替代before;Wehadhardly/scarcelyreachedtheschoolbefore/whenthebellrang.5)有时before还有“宁愿”的意思；IdshootmyselfbeforeIapologizedtohim.,6)用于Itbe/takesometimebefore+句子，这时要根据主句的时态分两种情况：(1)若主句为一般将来时，从句是一般现在时。主句是肯定句译成“要过很多时间才”；主句是否定句译成“用不了多久就”。Itwillbemanyyearsbeforethesituationimproves;Itwontbelongbeforewemeetagain.(2)若主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。主句是肯定句译成“很长时间之后才”；主句是否定句译成“没过多久就”。ItwassometimebeforeIrealizedthetruth.Itwasntlongbeforeshebecameabravesoldier.Afterthatitstilltooksevenyearsbeforetheygotmarried.注：主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until可以互换。Itwasanhourbefore/untilthepolicearrived.,7）和其他相似句型的区别：(1)it+be+时间段+since从句Itistwoyearssincewearrivedhere.(2)it+be+时间段+when从句：表示“某个动作发生时，是某个时间”（主句谓语动词可以是一般过去时，也可以是一般将来时）ItwasDec.18thwhenIwasborn.8)beforelong和longbefore的区别：beforelong:“不久，很快”（before为prep,long为n.)在句中常作状语，多与动词的过去时或将来时连用。Theworkwillbefinishedbeforelong.longbefore:“很久以前”（long为adv.)可以单独使用，这时before为prep.;也可以接从句，这时为conj.,常与过去时或过去完成时连用，后接从句时也可用于一般现在时。Shesaidthatshehadheardofitlongbefore.Itwillbelongbeforehearrives.“还要很久他才能到。”,Exercises:,1.itwaseveningwereachedthelittletownofWinchester.A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.when2.Severalweekshadgonebywerealizedthepaintingwasmissing.A.asB.beforeC.sinceD.when3.TheAmericaCivilWarlastedfouryearstheNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then4.Itwassometimewerealizedthetruth.A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.before5.Whydontyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?HerushedoutoftheclassroomIcouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after6.HowlongdoyouthinkitwillbeChinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon.Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before,D,B,B,D,A,D,(2)attempt的用法：attemptvt.企图，试图；努力，尝试；attemptsth.Ididattemptthelastquestionintheexam.Hehasattemptedadifficulttask.attempttodosth.Heattemptedtolie.Heattemptedtoleavebutwasstopped.attemptdoingsth.(不如todo常见）Heattemptedswimmingacrosstheriver.attemptedadj.（犯罪）未遂的attemptedmurder/rape(强奸）/robbery,attempt.n.企图；尝试makean/noattempttodoHemakenoattempttocarryitout.Ifailedinmyattempttofinishitintime.attemptatsth.Hemakeanattemptatwinningthefirstprize.MyfirstattemptatEnglishcompositionwaspoor.attempton/uponsbslife企图刺杀HemadeanattemptonthelifeofthePresident.,Explanation,OnJuly19th,1909,intheearlymorning,HubertLathamtookofffromtheFrenchcoastinhisplanetheAntoinetteIV.,atdawn;atdaybreak;atmidnight;atthecrackofdawntakeoffEg.Ladiesandgentlemen,ourplaneistotakeoffsoon.takeyearsoffsb.看上去年轻Herslimmingcourse(减肥课)seemstotakeyearsoffher.putyearsonsb.看上去年老Herbrokenmarriageputyearsonher.,Explanation,(3)off离开动身drawoff撤离（withdraw）liftoff(火箭、飞船等)起飞，发射，升空setoff出发Nicholssetoffforhisremotefarmhouse.动身去他的偏远的农舍。kickoff(在足球比赛中)开球Liverpoolkickedoffanhourago.flyoff飞出，飞跑，突然跑掉Thearrowflewoffandhitthebullseye.箭离弦飞去,射中了那靶心。,Explanation,(4)takeoff(产品活动事业)腾飞In1944,hemetEdithPiaf,andhiscareertookoff.1944年，他结识了伊迪思比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞。(5)coast海岸Pacificcoast太平洋海岸seashore,seaside海滨beach海滩沙滩marinenaturereserve海洋自然保护区,Explanation,HehadtravelledonlysevenmilesacrosstheChannelwhenhisenginefailedandhewasforcedtolandonthesea.,(1)when:这里可以换成before,译成“就”，且这里有“突然、忽然”之意。Eg.Weweresittinginthegardenwhenitbegantorain.IhadbeenworkingacoupleofyearstherewhenIhadaletterfromhim.Iwasabouttoleavetheroomwhenthetelephonerang.,Explanation,(2)fail:失败,坏了,失灵(broken,stopworking)Eg.WordsfailedmewhenImetmylonglostsister.failtosee不明白Eg.Ifailtoseewhyyoufinditsoamusing.Butwhatthesepeoplefailtoseeisthatinternationaltourismmaybringaboutadisastrousimpactonourenvironmentandlocalhistory.但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成灾难性的影响。(3)beforcedtodo被迫做某事makeaforcedlanding(航空)紧急降落forceasmile勉强一笑forcesbshand不得不，被迫eg.Wedidntwanttoraiseourprices,butthefallinthedollarforcedourhand.我们不想抬高物价，但是美元下跌，我们不得不出此下策。,Explanation,TheAntoinettefloatedonthewateruntilLathamwaspickedupbyaship.,(1)float漂浮floatonair兴高采烈floatoncloud兴高采烈floatacrossthesky飘过天空floatdowntheriver顺流直下floataroundtown满城流传Eg.Theseplantsfloatonthesurfaceofthewater.Birdsflyveryeasily.Theybeattheairwiththeirwingsandclimbupthroughtheair.Thentheyspreadtheirwingsandfloatontheair.Theprogramwillbeontheairtonight.fluctuatev.价格波动fluctuatewildly大幅波动drift:(tomoveslowlyonwaterorintheair)漂流，漂移Theraftwasdriftingdowntheriver.drifter漂泊者流浪汉,Explanation,(2)pickup文中解释为营救rescuepickup“收拾，收捡”Eg.Ifyoufailnow,whowillpickupthepieces?你现在要是失败了，谁来收拾残局？“(跌倒或被击倒后）使（自己）慢慢站起（或爬起）”Eg.Pickyourselfupwhereyoufalldown.Anthonypickedhimselfupandsetoffalongthetrack.安东尼自己慢慢爬起来，又开始沿着跑道跑下去。pickupaftersb.:(totidythingsthatsomeoneelsehasleftuntidy)跟在某人后面收拾Eg.Whowantstogetmarriedandspendtheirlifetimepickingupaftersomeman?,Explanation,“(通常指开车)接载，取走”Eg.WedrovetotheairportthenextmorningtopickupSusan.我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。“逮捕；拘捕”Eg.Ifsomeoneispickedupbythepolice,theyarearrestedandtakentoapolicestation.“（不费力地）获得，学会”Eg.TheEnglishsettlershadbecomeadeptat(熟练于，擅长于）plantingtobaccoafterpickingupthetradefromtheirPowhatanallies（盟友）.来自英国的殖民者从他们的波瓦坦伙伴那里学到了种植烟草的手艺，并且已经擅长这一行了。,Explanation,得病，染上疾病Theyvepickedupareallynasty（严重的）infection（传染病）fromsomethingtheyveeaten.他们因吃错东西而得了很严重的感染症。接收到信号或声音WecanpickupItaliantelevision.我们能收看到意大利电视台的节目。重提，接过观点或话题CanIjustpickupthatgentlemanspoint?我能接着那位先生的意思往下说吗？,Explanation,贸易或经济改善或好转Industrialproductionisbeginningtopickup.工业生产开始好转。健康的好转Agooddose（剂量，一剂）oftonic（补药）willhelpyoutopickup.一剂好的补品将有助于身体康复。指出错误Dontpickmeuponwords.不要挑我的措词。,Explanation,Twodayslater,LouisBleriotarrivednearCalaiswithaplanecalledNo.11.,with要翻译成驾驶，而不能说“带着”With的复合结构（L6）Eg.Nowhecouldwalkonlywithsomeonesupportinghim.他现在只能靠别人搀扶着才能走了。Sheranwithbeadsofsweatrunningdownherface.她跑得满头大汗。Shesaidgoodbyewithtearsinhereyes.Dontspeakwithyourmouthopen.Hewasthinkingforawhilewithhiseyeshut.,Explanation,Bleriothadbeenmakingplanessince1905andthiswashislatestmodel.Aweekbefore,hehadcompletedasuccessfuloverlandflightduringwhichhecovered26miles.,cover:覆盖；涉及；包含；掩护；行走了；看完coveralotofground到了很多地方,涉及了很多内容Eg.Theexpeditioncoveredalotofground.探险队到过很多地方.Wevecoveredalotofgroundatthismorningsmeeting.在今天上午的会议中我们讨论了很多问题.“覆盖（面积）”Eg.Chinacovers9.6millionsquarekilometers.Chinacoversanareaof9.6millionsquarekilometers.,(toreportthedetailsofsth.foranewspaper,radioortelevision.)报道新闻eg.covertheWinterOlympics(topaymoneyfor)coverthebill买单Eg.Hereis$5,thatshouldcoveralltheexpenses.Howmanypageshaveyoucovered?,Explanation,Latham,howeverdidnotgiveupeasily.He,too,arrivednearCalaisonthesamedaywithanewAntoinette.,giveup放弃Eg.Hewaswillingtogiveupalong,normallifeforashort,excitinglifeasapilot.giveawayDontgiveawaythesecret.这项机密不可泄露。Wehavesixcopiesofthebooktogiveaway.这本书我们要赠送6本出去。giveoutTherewerepeopleattheentrancegivingoutleaflets.有人在入口处散发传单。,Explanation,Latham,howeverdidnotgiveupeasily.He,too,arrivednearCalaisonthesamedaywithanewAntoinette.,Hewouldntgiveoutanyinformation.公开他不愿透露任何消息。Allmachinesgiveouteventually.最终，所有的机器都停止了运转。Hegaveoutascreamofpain.他疼得大叫了一声。giveoff发出Theflowersgiveoffaheadyscentatnight.这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。heady酒等易使人醉的scent香味givein屈服，投降,Explanation,ItlookedasiftherewouldbeanexcitingraceacrosstheChannel.,看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。asif=asthough“好像，似乎”，进行非事实的比喻或夸张时，引导的从句常运用虚拟语气。Eg.Heworksveryhardasifheneverintendedtosleepawink(眨眼睛）（合眼）Thoseflowerslookedasiftheywereasleepinthehotsun.Hetalksasifhewereahero.但是当asif/though引导的从句表示一种实现可能性较大，或说话人认为接近事实时，可采用陈述语气。Eg.Itlooksasifthelittletwinsaregoingtohaveanotherfightwitheachother.,原句可改写为：Itseemed/appearedtobeanexcitingraceItpromisedtobeanexcitingrace句型：Itappearstobe/itappearsthat看起来似乎、好像Eg.Itappearstobeonlyamatteroftimebeforetheywerecaught.Itappearstobegenuine,butIhavemysuspicionsaboutit.ItappearsthatTommightchangehismind.,promisev.有的可能，有发生的迹象（习惯表达一个好的征兆；凶兆常用threaten)Eg.Itpromisestobeafineday.(=Theclearskypromisesfineweather.)Autumncropspromisedtobeequallygood.Thedarkcloudsthreatenastorm.Itthreatenstosnowimmediately.Itthreatenedtosurroundhimcompletely,butTazieffmanagedtoescapejustintime.,Thereisasignofsth.that有迹象表明Eg.Thereisnosigntherecessionhasbottomedoutyet.没有迹象表明萧条已经到了极点。Thereissomeevidenceofsth.that有证据、迹象表明Eg.Thereissomeevidenceoflifeonotherplanets.Thereissomeevidencethatasmallamountofalcoholisgoodforyou.,Explanation,BothplanesweregoingtotakeoffonJuly25th,butLathamfailedtogetupearlyenough.,getout出门Getoutandenjoyyourself,makenewfriends.出去走走，好好玩玩，交些新朋友。逃离，被迫离开Theyprobablywantedtogetoutofthecountry.他们或许想逃离这个国家。Itoldhimtoleaveandgetout.我叫他滚开。,Explanation,退出组织，撤销承诺Iwantedtogetoutofthegroup,buttheywouldntletme.我想退出这个团体，但是他们不同意。Gettingoutofthecontractwouldbenoproblem.撤销这个合同不会有任何问题。消息泄露为人所知Ifwordgotoutnow,ascandalcouldbedisastrous.如果消息现在传出去，可能会是灾难性的丑闻。,Explanation,getoff下车;免受惩罚;出发离开Heislikelytogetoffwithasmallfine.他可能会逃脱严惩，仅仅罚一点钱了事。AteightIsaidImgettingoffnow.8点钟的时候，我说“我现在要出发了。”Theaircrafthadntenoughpowertogetofftheground.那架飞机的动力不够，无法起飞。离.远点，别碰Itoldyou.Getoffthefarm.我告诉过你，离农场远点。Getoffme!Iscreamed.“别碰我！”我尖叫道。入睡Hecouldntgetofftosleep.他不能入睡。,Explanation,getover恢复过来Ittookmeaverylongtimetogetovertheshockofherdeath.得知她去世的消息我惊愕