张汉熙高级英语第二册课件第7课.ppt

LessonSeven,TheLibidofortheUgly-H.L.Mencken,Aims,Toknowtheauthor,HenryL.MenckenTolearnthewritingtechniqueofdescriptionToappreciatethelanguagefeatures,TeachingContents,1.HenryLouisMencken2.Description2.Detailedstudyofthetext3.Organizationalpattern4.Languagefeatures5.Exercises,Timeallocation,1.Backgroundinformation(15min.)2.Detailedstudyofthetext(120min.)3.Structureanalysis(15min.)4.Languageappreciation(15min.)5.Exercises(15min),HenryLouisMencken,(1880-1956)Americaneducator,author,critic*7image-123*Mencken图片,HenryLouisMencken,HislifeHewasbornandspentmostofhislifeinthecityofBaltimore,Maryland.HewasthesonofGermanimmigrantparents.Hecompletedhighschoolbutdidnotattenduniversity,onlygraduatedfromBaltimorePolytechnicInstituteat16.HebecameareporterontheBaltimoreMorningHerald.,HenryLouisMencken,Afewyearslater,hejoinedthestaffofitsrivalnewspaper,theBaltimoreSunorEveningSun,firstasareporter,thenasitsdramacriticandeditor,apositionwhichhehelduntil1941.,HenryLouisMencken,Hehelpedtofoundandedittwoliterarymagazineswhichwerehighlyinfluentialamongintellectuals.TheSmartSet,HenryLouisMencken,HewasacentralfigureinAmericanintellectuallifeduringthe1920s.HelaunchedthemostcuttingattacksofanywriteragainstAmericasmiddleclassculture.Heinventedthewordbooboisie,combiningthetwowordsbourgeoisieandbooby(anawkward,foolishperson).,HenryLouisMencken,Incaustic,wittyessays,hederided(mock)theinstitutionwhichsupportedthemiddleclass.Heenjoyedcontroversyandtriedtoarousehisantagonistswithhisdirectanddevastatingattacks.,HenryLouisMencken,1)Hehatednarrow-mindedreligion.Hebelievedstronglyinintellectualfreedomandfoughtallattemptstocensorliteratureanddrama.Hefeltthatthegreatestthreatofcensorshipcamefromthecountrysreligionfundamentalists,whoseopinionswereallbasedontheirinterpretationoftheBible.,HenryLouisMencken,2)Hehatedcommercialism.3)Hedidnotsupportdemocracybecauseheconsideredthemassestooignorantandgreedytoexerciseitwisely.,Hisworks,Menckensessayswerereceivedwithdelightorhorror,dependingonthereaderspointofview,hewasalsohighlyrespectedforhisliterarycriticismandheexertedapowerfulinfluenceonAmericanliterature.,Hisworks,TheAmericanLanguage1918Prejudices(6vols)1919-1927HappydaysNewspaperDays1940-1943autobiographyHeathenDays25Booksandthousandsofarticles,HenryLouisMencken,Hewasaleadingscholarinthefieldoflanguage.HismonumentalbookTheAmericanLanguageisconsideredanoutstandingworkofphilology.,TheAmericanLanguage,a)ItexaminedthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguageinAmerica,b)ItcontrastedEnglishandAmericanexpressionsandusage.,TheAmericanLanguage,c)ItexplainedtheoriginofmanyAmericanidioms,d)IttracedtheinfluenceofimmigrantlanguagesonAmericanEnglish.,TheAmericanLanguage,HemadealargecontributiontothestudyoflanguageandparticularlyencouragedscholarlystudyoftheAmericanbranchofEnglish.,HisStyle,Heiswell-knownforhisbombasticstyleandacidtongue,HisStyle,Hewrotewithverve(strongfeeling),gusto(eagerenjoyment)andexaggeration.Hisexuberantandextravagantuseofthelanguagewassoamusingandstartlingthatevenhismostviolentlycriticalessaysbecameacceptabletohisreaders.,HisStyle,Heemployedahugevocabularyandlikedtoinsertunusualorunexpectedwords,forsurpriseorcomiceffect,intootherwisenormalsentences.Althoughhisstyleisoccasionallydifficulttoread,Menckenisstillconsideredoneofthebestandliveliestessayistsofthiscentury.,HisStyle,BombasticstyleandacidlanguageexaggerationhyperboleoverrhetoricalpompousLanguage-bitingsharp,Theliterarystyle,Itistypicalofdescription*,Description,Descriptionispaintingapictureinwordsofaperson,place,objectandscene.,Description,Itconveysthesensations,emotionsandimpressionsthataffectawriterexperiencingaperson,place,objectoridea.Thewriterdescribeswhathesees,hears,smells,feelsortastes,anditoftenincludeshisemotionalreactionstothephysicalsensationoftheexperience.,Description,Thesoulofdescription:minutedetails,specificconcretewordstoappealtothereaderssenseofsightsmelltastehearingtouch,Description,Howtodevelopdescription?ByspaceorderThingscanbedescribedfromamovingpositionthroughspaceafixedpositioninspace,Description,A.Thedescriptionofaperson1)apersonsappearance2)whatthepersondoes,says,howhebehavestootherstorevealthepersonscharacter,Description,B.Thedescriptionofaplace1)foritsownsake,forthepurposeofdescribingit,suchasonavisittofamousscenicplaces2)forthepurposeofrevealingthepersonalityandcharacterofaperson(Acleantidyroomshowstheoccupantisanorderlyperson),Description,3)forthepurposeofcreatingafeelingormoodThehowlingofachillywindThefallingofautumnleaveshelptobuildupasombremoodandincreasethefeelingofdepression.,Description,C.ThedescriptionofanobjectWEhavetodependonoursenses.1)Youneedtomention:sizecolorshapetastetexturesmell-createaclearvisualimage,Description,2)YouneedtotellhowitisusedifitisusefulWhatpartitplaysinapersonslifeifitisinsomewayrelatedtohimButemphasisshouldbeplacedononlyoneaspectoftheobject,suchasitsmostimportantcharacteristics.,Description,D.ThedescriptionofasceneWhendescribingascene,thewritershouldtrytocreateadominantimpression.Sobeforehebeginstowrite,hemustmakeuphismindastowhateffecthewantsthedescriptiontoachieve.,Description,threebasicfactors:thesettingthepeopletheaction,Description,appropriateadjectivesandadverbsoldsquareroughlyyoungcircularmoreorlessshorttriangularnotverythinheavyfairlyfatlargeextremelykindsmallapproximatelyencouragingredabouthelpfulbluejust,Description,2kindsofdescription:1)objectiveimpersonalrealisticWhentopicisviewedfromanobjectivepointofview,thewriterpaintsaverbalpictureoftherealisticworld,likeacamera.factualwords,Description,2)subjectivepersonalimpressionisticemotionalThewriterwantstosharewiththereadersakindofdominantimpression.Thedominantimpressionmaybeasenseimpressionoranemotion,Description,emotionalwordsInthislesson,Menckenisverysubjectiveandpersonal.Hisdescriptionisstronglyimpressionisticandhighlyemotional.Thedominantimpression-uglinessWestmorelandistheugliestplacenotonlyintheUSbutalsointheworld.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Libido-Doyouthinkitisageneralword?No.Itisaspecificwordusedinpsycho-analysisItisatechnicalterminpsychology.(Freudian),Libido-,Meaningpsychicenergygenerallyspecificallythatcomprisingthepositivelovinginstinctsthesexualurgestrongdesire,greatpassion,greatlust,Libido-,Whydoesthewriterchoosethisterm?-inordertogivehissubjectscientificcoloring.,Why,Hewantstodemonstratethatwhathedescribeshaspsychologicalandscientificfoundation.Usually,peoplelovethingsbeautiful,butagroupofpeopleintheUSlovethingsuglyforitsownsake(becausetheyareugly)Why?Theremustbesomescientificandpsychologicalreasons.,Pittsburgh,*http:/www.city.pittsburgh.pa.us/*7image-45*AcityinsouthwestPennsylvania,ItisoneofthemostimportantindustrialcitiesofAmerica,andacenterofrailandrivertransportation.Termedthe“SteelCity”of“SmokyCity”,itisthecenterofrichbituminous-coalregion,producingalsonaturalgas,oilandlimestone,alargepartofUSsteelandironisproducedhere.,Westmorelandcounty,AcountyonsouthwestPennsylvaniaItscountyseatisGreensburg.Itisaminingandmanufacturingregion.*7image-6*,appalling,causingfear,shocking,terrible,dreadfulSomethingthatisappallingissobadorunpleasantthatitmakesyoufelldisgustordismaySomeofthesepeopleliveinappallingconditions.,desolationbleakness,AqualityofaplacewhichmakesitseememptyandfrighteningEmptyofpeopleLackingincomfort,Herewastheveryheart,metaphor:heart-centerofindustrialAmericahyperbole:richest,grandestnationonearthantitheticalcontrast,Contrast,richestgrandestregionhideous,bleak,forlornscene,lucrative,profitable,moneymaking,bringinginplentyofmoney,hideous,veryugly,fillingthemindwithhorror,bleak,Itappliestolandscapesorhouses,especially,suggestsabareorunpleasantprospect.thebleak,unpaintedhousethatseemedalmostuninhabitablethebleak,ice-encrustedmountainsoftheAndes安第斯山脉,desolate,suggestsanunderpopulatedstarknesseg.onlyafewfarmhousesstrungoutoverthedesolatedcountryside.suggestssolitarinessorfriendlessnesseg.agirlleftdesolateinthestrangecity.无依无靠地置身于一个陌生城市的姑娘。,barren,-suggestsacompleteabsenceoflifeBarrenrockswherethesmallestshrubcouldfindnofoothold.连灌木都无法扎根的贫瘠的岩石堆Uninhabitableandunfeaturedlandscape.,joke,-ifyousaysomeoneorsthisajoke,youmeanthattheyareridiculousandnotworthyofrespect.Hiscolleaguesregardhimasajoke.,aspiration,-apersonsaspirationsaretheirambitionsordesirestoachievesomething,unbrokenugliness,-theuglinessiscontinuousanduninterruptedItisuglywhereveryougoandlook,agonizingugliness,-uglinessthatcausedgreatpaintopeoplewhosawitPeoplecouldnotimagineorcalculatetheamountofwealththatwastobefoundinthisregion.Andinthissameregionthereweresuchterribleanddisgustinghousesthatevenhomeless,mongrelcatswouldfeelashamedtoliveinthem.,lacerate,-tohurt;totear(theflesh,anarm,theface)roughlyaswithfingernailsorbrokenglass.,pretentious,-ifyousaythatsomeoneorsthispretentious,youmeanthattheyclaimtobeimportant,butyoudonotthinkthattheyareimportant.,Para2,DescribethehousesmorespecificallyHowmanybuildingsdidthewriterdescribeindetails?churches,stores,warehousesetc.=likeamansfaceshotaway,thehouses,alittlechurch=likeadormer-windowonthesideofabareleproushilldormer-window-awindowsetuprightinasloppingrooftheheadquartersoftheveteransofForeignWars,thehouses,asteelstadium=likeahugerat-trap,Whatimpressioncanyouget?,shabby;ugly;hideous,inform,-inappearance,shape,geographically,Itisthicklysettled,-inthisareaagreatnumberofpeoplelivecloselytogether,butitdoesntgivetheimpressionofbeingovercrowded.,Iftherewerearchitectsofany.,Itsarcasticallyemphasizesthefactthattherewerenoarchitectsworthyofitsnameinthisregion.Therewerenoarchitectsworthyofthehonororthehighstandardsdemandedofbyitsprofession.IftherehadbeensucharchitectstheywouldnaturallyhavebuiltSwiss-typehouseswhichwouldlielowandclingingtothehillsides.,Chalet*7image-78*,Detailedstudyofthetext,Allthehousestheybuiltlookedlikebricksstandingupright.,clapboard,AmE.weatherboardAtypeofcoveringfortheouterwallsofahouse,toprotectthewallsfromrain*7image-9*,dingy-dirtyandfaded,thesebrick-likehousesweremadeofshabby,thinwoodenboardsandtheirroofswerenarrowandhadlittleslope,pier,-apillarofstone,wood,metaletc.esp.asusedtosupportabridge,ortheroofofahighbuilding,preposterous,-completelyunreasonableorimprobablelaughablyfoolishinmannerorappearanceHowdopeoplebuildthehouseonthehillside?,How,Thehousesarecomparedtopigswallowinginthemud.Sincethesehousesarebuiltonthehillsideandsetonbrickpiers,onesideishighandtheotherislow.Thelowsidesmakethemlooklikepigsburyingthemselvesinthemud.,perpendicular,-exactlyupright,notleaningtoonesideortheother,precariously,-unsafe,notfirmorsteady,fullofdanger,unstable,hazardous,precariously,Theclimberhadonlyaprecariousholdontheslipperyrock.Somethingthatisprecariousisinadangerousstateorpositionbecauseitisnotsecurelyheldinplaceandseemslikelytofalldownorcollapseatanymoment它们东倒西歪地挂在不稳定的地基上,oneandall,allthehouses,everyhouse,streak,-ifsomethingstreaksasurface,itleaveslongstripesormarksofadifferentcoloronthesurface;coverHismoustachewasstreakedwithgrey.Thesunisstreakingtheseawithlonglinesofgold.Hisfaceisstreakedwithdirt.,streak,n.-lineHerhairhadaveryprettygreystreakinit.,eczematous,Eczema-anuncomfortableskindiseasewhichmakesyourskinitchandbecomeroughandsore.,Detailedstudyofthetext,Allthehouseherearecoveredwithdirt,andsomepaintwhichisnotcoveredupbythedirtlookslikedried-upscales(鳞癣)formedontheskinbyeczema.每栋房屋都积上一道道尘垢，在尘垢的间隙之间，还可隐约见到象湿疹的鳞癣一样的油漆斑点。,patina=coating,thepatinaofanobjectisafinelayerofsomethingthatformsorappearsonitssurfaceThebookswerepiledhigh,withapatinaofgrey-browngrease.,ridiculeandirony,generallyreferstothebeautifulgreenorgreenish-bluecolor.HereMenckenuses“patina”ironicallytodescribethegrimeofthemills,thedirtysmokefromthemills,longpastallhopeandcaring,aneggthathadlongpastthetimewhentherewassomehopethatismightstillbeedible,longpastthetimewhenpeoplewerestillconcernedaboutit.Itwasathoroughlyrottenegg.,redbrick,-redbrick,eveninasteeltown,looksquiterespectableanddignifiedwiththepassingoftime.Eveninasteeltown,oldredbricksstilllookpleasant.,uremia,(urene+haima,blood)Greekcolor=yellowgreenish+black+reddish,awardthischampionship,-sarcasmandirony.IhavegivenWestmorelandthehighestawardforuglinessafterhavingdonealotofhardworkandresearchandaftercontinuouspraying.IcametotheconclusionthatWestmorelandhadtheugliesttownsandvillagesonlyaftervisitingandcomparingmanyplacesnotonlyintheU.S.butalsoinothercountriesandafterconstantlyprayingtoGodforguidance.,Pullman,arailroadcarwithprivatecompartmentsorseatsthatcanbemadeupintoberths(asleepingplace)forsleeping.Itsisso-calledafterUSinventor,GeorgeM.Pullman(1831-97),Malarious,-malaria-strickenarea,mosquito-infestedadiseaseofhotcountries,causedbyasmalllivingthingwhichentersthebloodwhenthepersonisbittenbycertaintypesofmosquito.,hamlet,-asmallvillage,tidewater,-villageneartheseaaffectedbytheriseandfalloftides,Northernstates,Maine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,Connecticut,RhodeIsland,Detailedstudyofthetext,NewEngland-industryisdecliningUtah,Arizona,Texas-townslikedesertdarksideofallthosetownshehadvisited.Hementionedthoseplacestoshowhiscorrectjudgment,Detailedstudyofthetext,Newark-inNewJerseyBrooklyn-inNewYorkChicago-inIllinoisCamden-NewJerseyNewportNews-Virginia,Detailedstudyofthetext,IowaandKansas-villagesaregloomy,abandonedbyGodGeorgiamalaria-infestedvillagesBridgeport.Conn.-LosAngelesEast-west,forsake-abandon,desert,afairlyliterarywordifyouforsakeapersonorplace,youleavethemwhenyoushouldhavestayedorstophelpingthemorlookingafterthem.Dontforsakemeinmyhourofneed!Titanicofgreatstrength,sizeorpower,aberrant,-unusualandnotnormal,strayingawayfromtherightpathaberrantbehaviorideas,uncompromising-,firm,steadfast,rigidwhenpeopleare,theyaredeterminednottochangetheiropinionsorobjectiveinanywayHewasanopponentofthewar.adv.Theywereuncompromisinglyloyaltocertainfundamentalvalues.,inimical,conditionsthatareinimicaltosomeoneorsth.arehostileandharmfulratherthanbeingfriendlyandfavorablehostileunfriendlyinopposition,genius,usedironicallytomeananevilgenius,havinggreatabilitytodoevil,hell-,thepowersofevilordarkness,grotesqueryn.,Strangeness,uglinessgrotesque-strangeandunnaturalsoastocausefearorbelaughableveryuglyinappearance=hideousHewasrathertolookat.Strangely,unnaturallyugly,仿佛有一些对人类怀有敌意的，力大无穷的恶魔，施用神工鬼斧的魔术，建造了这样一些房屋,inretrospect,lookingbacktowardsthepast回想起来Hisyouthwasmoreenjoyableinretrospectthanithadactuallybeenwhenhewasgoingthroughit.,diabolical=,devilish;dreadful=diabolicextremelyunpleasantandannoyingItisusedtodescribesomethingthatpeoplethinkiscausedbyorbelongstothedevil.,concoct,makesth.bymixingorcombiningparts,makesthunusual,para.6.,ThereasonswhytheylovesuchuglyhousesIsitbecausetheyareigrorant?,insensate-,notcapableoffeelinglackinginhumanfeelings,Detailedstudyofthetext,arethehousessofrightfullyuglybecausethevalleyisinhabitedbyalotofforeignerswhoarestupidandunfeelinglikeanimalsandwhohavenoloveofbeautyinthem?,“ButintheAmerican”,ButintheAmericanvillageandsmalltown,thedrawingpower(desire)isalwaystowarduglinessandinthatWestmorelandvalleypeoplehavegivenintothisdesireeagerlyoralmostpassionately,borderupon-,beverymuchlikeYourremarksborderuponrudeness,sir!先生，你的话简直是无礼。Theproposalbordersupontheabsurd.该提议似乎荒唐可笑。,masterpieceirony,Itishardtobelievethatpeoplebuiltsuchhorriblehousesjustbecausetheydidnotknowwhatbeautifulhouseswerelike.Menckenuses“masterpiece”ironicallytosaythatthehousesweresohorriblethatnoonecouldbuildworseones.,antithesis,Libidofortheuglylibidoforthebeautiful-Peopleincertainstrata(socialclassesordivision)(sing.stratum)ofAmericansocietyseemdefinitelytohungerafteruglythins,whichinotherlessChristianstrata,peopleseemtolongforthinsbeautiful.,lessChristian,=pagansapersonwhoisnotabelieverinChristianityHeathenAtheistChristianslongforthingsugly,pagans-,longforthingsbeautifulButtheChristiansaresupposedtohavethequalitiesoflove;kindness;humanity;beauty,putdownto,-statethatsthiscausedbysth(attributeto)归因于Iputhisbadtemperdowntohisrecentillness.Hisbadtemperwasputdowntohisunhappychildhood.,deface,damage,spoiltheappearanceprsurfaceifpeopledefacesthsuchasawalloranotice,theydeliberatelydamageitbywritingordrawingunpleasantoroffensivethingsonit.,inadvertence-,carelessness,heedlessnessyoudosthunintentionallywithoutthinkingorwithoutrealizingpayingnoattentiontobyaccident,obscene-,nasty,dirty,lewdwanton,lustful,indecent鄙俗的幽默感，低级趣味,itisimpossibletoattributethewallpaperthatmakestheaverageAmericanhomeofthelowermiddleclasslooksouglytomereoversight(carelessness)ortotheindecenttasteofthemanufacturers.,unfathomable-fml难以理解,ifsth.is,itissostrangeorcomplicatedthatitcannotbeunderstoodorexplained=baffling,theymeettypeofmind,-theseuglydesignsinsomewaythatpeoplecannotunderstand,satisfythehiddenandunintelligibledemandsofthistypeofmind.他们用一些莫名其妙的方式满足了出自这种心理的晦涩难解的要求。,enigmatical,-enigmaticmysterious,puzzlinganddifficulttounderstand既不可思议，又不足为怪theloveforuglinessofthepeopleinWestmorelandismysterioustomanypeoplecommon,naturalfromtheirpointofview,dogmatic-opinionated,Theology-thestudyofthenatureofGod;ofGodsinfluenceonpeopleandofreligionandreligiousbeliefs,appreciable-considerable,Anamount,distance,effect,etcislargeenoughtobeimportantorclearlynoticed.Therehadbeenanappreciablepercentageoftheuniversitysexpenditure.adv.Theweatherhadturnedgreyandiswasappreciablycolder.,mellow,-becomesoft,warm,smoothesp.wornsobytime,soften,TheParthenon,Abeautifuldorictemplebuiltinhonorofthevirgin(Parthenon)goddessAthenaontheAcropolisinAthenaaround5hcenturyB.C.帕台农神庙*image-11parthenon*,foritsownsake,-becauseitisuglyforthepurposeofugliness,biology,-thescientificlawsofthelifeofacertaintypeoflivingthingbiologycontainstwoaspects:evolutiondegeneration,terms,-conditionsorrequirements,specificcontentAccordingtothetermsoftheagreements,Britishshipswillbeallowedtotakealimitedamountoffisheachyear.根据协议条款的规定，英国船只每年的捕鱼量是有限的。-Whatareyoursalesterms?-Cash-你们的销售条件是什么？-现金支付。,ProvatDocent,-privatdocent,privatdozentInGermanuniversities,anunsalariedlecturerpaidonlybyhisstudentsfees,Pathologicalsociology-,社会病理学thestudyofthediseaseofhumansocietysciencedealingwiththedisea