写作点拨系列(四) (2).ppt

写作点拨系列（四）段落写作之段落的展开,【核心点拨】段落的发展技巧较常用的有以下几种：按时间顺序展开、按空间顺序展开、按过程展开、举例等。1.按时间顺序展开在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述做一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。,常用衔接词和短语首环节first,atfirst,firstofall,inthefirstplace,tobeginwith等。中间环节second,secondly,inthesecondplace,next,afterwards,afterthat,then,later,another,third,thirdly,stillanother,inaddition,besides,furthermore等。末环节lastly,atlast,finally,eventually,intheend等。,2.按空间顺序展开空间顺序指按物体的空间位置(自左至右，由近到远，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中间到两边等顺序)来展开段落。常用的衔接词和短语besituated/locatedin/on/at,besurroundedby,nextto,totheeast/south/west/northof,closeto,from.to.,above,over,under,below,between,across,opposite等。,3.按过程展开描述涉及多个步骤，应该按照过程的发展顺序把这些步骤交代清楚，在这一类文章里常常用祈使句和不定代词“你”来表达。描述过程的常用衔接词和短语(1)Firstly.Secondly.Thirdly.Finally.(2)First,Then,Next,Afterthis,Lastly.(3)Afterwards,Furthermore,Moreover,Inadditionto.,4.举例举例法是一种常见的展开段落的方法，它用典型、具体而生动的事例来证明、阐述一个观点，支持主题句，使段落主题句具体化，使文章通俗易懂。但是，段落中必须精选例子，要做到恰如其分、准确地说明问题。举例法常用的衔接词(1)介词短语：forexample,forinstance,bywayofexamples等。(2)形容词短语：suchas,such.as.等。(3)副词：as等。(4)动词短语：takeanexample,take.forexample,drawanexample等。,【对点训练】下面有五篇短文，在段落的展开方面各有侧重，请补全句子并标明属于哪类情况的展开技巧。1.IwasfartoohappythatwemadeanappointmenttovisitBeijingtogether_(下周末).HowIappreciatetheopportunitytobeyourguideinBeijing!ButImafraidwellhavetomakeit_(下次),becauseIllbemeetingmyuncleattheairport.HeisonbusinessfromAustralia,andwillbehome_(仅有两天).Itsararechancefor,nextweekend,anothertime,foronlytwodays,ourfamilytogetreunitedsincehelefthometenyearsago.Ihopeyoullforgivemefornotkeepingmyword.Ifitsconvenientforyou,wecanmakeit_(下下个周末),oryoumaymakethechoice,OK?答案：按时间顺序展开,theweekendafternext,2.Asamatteroffact,thereremanywaysforustodealwithourmentalproblems._(首先),wecanturntoourteachersforhelp,includingourpsychologyteacher._(其次),communicationisofvitalimportance.Whenwehaveatalkordiscussionaboutourproblemswithourfriendsorclassmates,wecanfeelgreatlyrelieved._(最后但同样重要的),weneedtodevelopapositiveattitudetowardsourstudiesandourlife.Wearingasmileisnotonlyasignoffriendlinessbutalsoacureforbadfeelings.答案：按过程展开,Firstofall,Second,Lastbutnot,least,3.Australia_(坐落在太平洋的西部).Itcoversanareaof7.6millionsquarekilometers.Ithasasmallpopulationofover10million._(多数人靠海生活在这个国家的东部).Canberra,thecapitalofAustralia,isabeautifulcity.SydneyisoneofthebiggestcitiesinAustralia.Ithasmanyplacesofinterest.TheOperaHouseisfamousthroughouttheworld.答案：按空间顺序展开,liesonthewestofthePacificOcean,Mostofthemlive,intheeastofthecountrybythesea,4.Somehighschoolgraduatesseeayearoffasachancetorecoveraftertwelveyearsofrequirededucation,butitcanalsogivestudentsachancetoexploretheirinterests.Studentshopingtobedoctors,_(例如),couldlearnabouttheprofessionbyvolunteeringinahospital.答案：举例,forexample,5.Dearfriends,Doyouwanttoliveinabeautifulworld?Soitisourobligationtomaintaintheecologicalbalance.Tofulfillthistask,weshouldbearthefollowingecologicalcodesinmind._(首先坚持步行去学校的习惯),andweshouldeatatleastfivekindsoffruitsandvegetablesaday.Itsalsoimportanttorecycleeverythingrecyclableandcherishourschoolsenvironmentbypickingupanylitterandturningoffthetapsandlight