文学第十五周A_Farewell_to_Arms

.,Twentieth-CenturyLiteratureErnestHemingway1899-1961,ByCece(王诗颖),.,ArrangementA.Teachingobjectives：StudentsarerequiredtograspthelifeexperienceandmajorworksofErnestHemingway;Studentsarerequiredtounderstand“TheLostGeneration”andappreciatethenovelAFarewelltoArmsmother:musicteacherahappychildhood;aloverofbrutalsports残酷运动、野蛮运动,suchasboxingandfootballinmiddleschoolThoughhisfatherhopedhimtobeaphysician,Hemingwayrefusedtoenteruniversity.Hechosetobeareporter.,.,I.Life,DuringtheWWI,hewantedtojointhearmybutwasrefusedbecauseofhispooreyesight.ThenHemingwaycametoItalytoworkasanambulance急救车driver.Hewasseriouslywoundedinthebattlefield战场.Thenightmarish噩梦warexperiencechangedhislife.Afterthewar,hestillworkedasareporter.HewassenttoParisandknewPound,GertrudeStein,SherwoodAndersonandsomeotherfamouswriterswhoencouragedhimtowrite.HealsoworkedasawarreporterintheSpanishCivilWarandtheWWII.,.,Heisatoughguy硬汉withrathermasculinemanner.男子汉气概Inallhislife,helovedtoughgames,suchasboxing,hunting,deep-seafishing,bullfight斗牛andsoon.Hewasinjuredmanytimes.Inalltheoperations,237steelfragments钢铁碎片weretakenoutfromHemingwaysbody.Healsosuffered3caraccidentsand2aircrushes.Hewasadmiredasaherobylotsofpeopleandhislifestylewasimitated.In1961,Hemingwayshothimselfwithguninhishome.?,.,Occupation:Americannovelist,short-storywriter,andjournalist.KnownastheLostGenerationPulitzerPrizein1953forTheOldManandtheSea,andtheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954.,.,II.MajorWorks,AFarewelltoArms(fiction)永别了，武器ForWhomtheBellTolls(fiction)丧钟为谁而鸣TheOldManandtheSea(fiction)TheSunAlsoRises(fiction)太阳照常升起DeathInTheAfternoon(non-fiction)死在午后AMoveableFeast(fiction)流动的盛宴,.,ShortStories,AClean,well-lightedplace一个干净明亮的地方TheSnowsofKilimanjaro乞力马扎罗的雪CatintheRain雨中猫,.,III.TheLostGeneration迷惘的一代,TheLostGenerationreferstothegroupofAmericanwriterswhocameofage成熟年代duringWorldWarIandestablishedtheirreputationsinthe1920s.ThewritingsoftheseauthorswereshapedbyWorldWarIandself-imposedexile自我放逐fromtheAmericanmainstream.Thewritersconsideredthemselves“lost”becausetheirinheritedvaluescouldnotoperateinthepostwarworld传统民主自由的价值观与战后世界格格不入.Theyfeltspirituallyalienated精神异化、疏远fromacountrytheyconsideredhopelesslyprovincialandemotionallybarren.,.,WhoareinvolvedintheLostGeneration?,ErnestHemingwayF.ScottFitzgeraldGertrudeStein(格特鲁德斯泰因（GertrudeStein，1874年2月3日1946年7月27日），美国作家与诗人，但后来主要在法国生活，并且为现代主义文学与现代艺术的发展做出重要贡献。她创立了一种独特的几乎有点孩子气的写作风格，作品中摒弃规范的标点使用规则，强调印象之作而非叙列陈述，还经常重复使用同一单词和短语，如“玫瑰就是玫瑰就是玫瑰就是玫瑰”。)T.S.EliotEzraPound,.,PartIAFarewelltoArms-ErnestHemingway,.,Contents,AuthorCharactersPlotThemewell-disciplined;friendly;responsible;anti-war.,.,Characters,CatherineBarkley:AnEnglishnurseservingattheItalianfront.FredericHenrysloverNoreligion,Characteristics:courageous;noble,strong-mind;considerate;optimistic;gentle.,.,Othercharacters,Rinaldi:Henrysroommate,asurgeonattheItalianfrontseeksimmediatepleasuresandsexualrelationships.HelenFerguson:afriendofCatherineloyalty,dignity,.,C.Plot,TakingplaceinItalyduringWWI,tiedcloselytoHemingwaysexperience.HenryservesinItalianambulanceunit,fallsinlovewithanEnglishnurse,Catherine.,.,Henryisinwoundedandafterhisreturntothefront,anItalianretreat撤退地wherehebarelyescapeswithhislife.Ultimately,heandCatherineenterSwitzerlandtoawaitthebirthoftheirchild.Unfortunately,Catherineandthechildbothdied,Henryisleftalone,hisfutureleftunplotted.,.,D.Themesymbolically,however,Catherinesfearprovestobeprophetic预示的,fordoom厄运doeseventuallycometothelovers.AfterCatherinesdeath,Henryleavesthehospitalandwalkshomeintherain.Here,thefallingrainvalidates证实Catherinesanxietyandconfirmsoneofthenovelsmaincontentions:greatlove,likeanythingelseintheworldgoodorbad,innocentordeservingcannotlast.,.,E.Comment,Attheendofthisnovel,Henryisleftdesolateandaloneinastrangeland,hisdreamofleadingadecentlifebrokeintosmithereens,smiri:nz碎片.Sothenovelisbothafarewelltowar,whichiscondemnedaspurposelessslaughter,andafarewelltolove,whichprovessoshort-lived.,.,Judgingfromthewholestory,Hemingwayistowriteabouttheprocessinwhichpeopletreatthewarfromtakingitseriouslyintosuspiciontodisgustandthentoindifference,whichreflectsthecynicism愤世嫉俗,beliefcrisisofpeopleaftertheWWI,whichisrepresentativeofthemoodof“theLostGeneration”.Itseemsthatlifestragedies,andthecouragerequiredtofacethemthisisarecurringthemeofHemingwayswritings.,.,PartII,AnanalysisofTheoldManandtheSea(In1954,HemingwaygottheNobelPrize),.,FamousQuote:,.,HisWriting,Codehero,EmphasisonEmotion,3,Icebergprinciple,1,2,Colloquialstyle,4,.,Writingstyle(icebergprinciple),1.Whatistheicebergprinciple?2.HowdoesHemingwayuseitinTheOldManandthesea?3.Whichphrasesembodythisprinciplefully?,.,Icebergprinciple,“Ialwaystrytowriteontheprincipleoftheiceberg.Thereisseven-eighthsofitunderwaterforeverypartthatshows.Anythingyouknowyoucaneliminate排除anditonlystrengthensyouriceberg.Itisthepartthatdoesntshow.Ifawriteromitssomethingbecausehedoesnotknowitthenthereisaholeinthestory.”Hissentencesonlygiveonesmallbitofthemeaning.Therestisimplied.Onemustgoverydeepbeneaththesurfacetounderstandthefullmeaningofhiswriting.Certainly,therearemomentswhenthereaderfeelsthesuggestionofvastmeaningbeneathHemingwaysfew,sparewords用词精简.,.,.,Codehero硬汉形象,The“HemingwayCode”ofmanhooddoesnotinvolvemerephysicalstrength,sexualpotency,orabilitytoaccumulate(orspend)wealth.Accordingtothiscode,amanisdefinedbywill,pride,andendurance:theendurancetoacceptpain,evenloss-whenthelosscannotbeavoided;theprideofknowingthatonehasdoneonesbest,withthecouragetoacttrulyaccordingtoonesownnature;andthewilltofacedefeatorvictorywithoutwhining哀叫ononehandorboasting自夸ontheother.,.,EmphasisonEmotion,Hewasinterestedinconveyingadeepemotionalfeeling.Hedidhavesomerealistictechniques,butonthewholehewasnotliketherealisticwritersbecausehewasmoreinterestedinconveyinghispersonalemotion.Andthisisthegoalofmanymodernistwriters-recreatethefeelingsofthesituationorexperienceinthereader,arouseaninvoluntarysubjectiverespo