初中英语人教版八年级上册阅读理解讲评.ppt

阅读理解专题辅导,兖州区大安镇大安中学胡俊飞2014年12月,阅读理解中考总分34分，平时测验30分,在平时测验中阅读理解总分30分，所占比例相当大，而且失分率也相当高，应该引起我们的高度重视，鉴于这种情况，我准备了一节阅读专题讲评课，为同学们以后解答阅读题提供一些方法和技巧。望同学们积极发言，认真听讲，做好笔记。,阅读理解学习目标,总体分析,改革前试题及分值分配情况：,题型题量（个）分值（分）所在分值（分）一、听力选择15115二、单选选择10110完型填空10110三、阅读选择20（5篇）1.530四、听力填词515五、单词拼写818动词运用7（2篇）17六、书面表达11515,2015改革后试题及分值分配情况：,题型题量（个）分值（分）所在分值（分）一、一、听力选择15115二、单选选择818完型填空818三、阅读选择16(4篇)1.524四、听力填词515五、单词拼写818动词运用7（2篇）17六、阅读表达5210七、写作11515,中考改革后的解读,阅读的调整。从分值的量上看30分增至34分，从单一的5篇题型阅读选择到阅读选择4篇，阅读表达1篇，改革体现了更加注重学生获取信息，处理信息，综合运用语言表达的能力。,初中学业水平测试对“阅读”的技能的标准要求,能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。能利用词典等工具书进行阅读。课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。,Analysisofthetestingmaterials:考点分析,阅读理解的材料及出题模式分析：学业水平测试的选择型阅读理解材料一般可分为故事类，科普类，图表类等文章。试题涉及细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断和推测作者意图、态度、目的等多方面的阅读能力的考查。,psychologicaltactics(心理战术)：,Youcandoit!,Beconfident!,Usethecorrectways!,Skimming略读,Scanning找读,Detailedreading细读,thecorrectways,重视标题、图片、表格信息,TheGrandCanyonisinin_.A.BritainB.AmericaC.CanadaD.SouthAfrica,B.America,TheGrandCanyon,Scanning找读确定细节出处,真题演示,细节有时在文中有原句。,37.GrandCanyonis_long.A.446kilometersB.16-29kilometersC.1,500metersD.1,800meters,Scanning找读确定细节出处,A.446kilometers,真题演示,找相关信息进行比对。,38.Whichofthefollowingwaysoftravelingisnotmentionedinthepassage?A.Goingonfoot.B.Ridingahorse.C.DrivingacarD.Takingaraft.,Scanning找读确定细节出处,C.Drivingacar,真题演示,刚才做到的题目都是对文章_的理解。,细节内容,Sumup,1）Whichofthefollowingstatement（叙述）istrue?2）Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned（提及）inthetext?3)Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，细节理解类的题目一般都怎样提问？,细节理解题解题技巧：,细节理解题一般:1.文中有原句；2.找相关信息进行比对;3.找近义词或同义句;4.进行简单数学计算;在读文章时把这些信息划下来,Scanning找读,牛刀小试,阅读Ann的请帖，选择正确答案。Annisgoingtohavea_.A.BirthdaypartyB.tenpartyC.ChristmaspartyD.NewYearparty,A,49.Thebesttitleforthesecondparagraphis_.A.AFashionableandUsefulDressB.M-DressThatIsAlsoYourPhoneC.AnEmbarrassingMomentinPublicD.AMobilePhonewithaStandardSIMCard,TheM-DressisaniceblackdressItisalsoamobilephoneItacceptsastandardSIMcardandallowsthewearertoreceivecallswithoutcarryinganactualphoneintheirpocketorpurseYoujustneedtobringyourhandtoyourearwhenyouwanttoansweraphonecallWhenyoufinishtalkingandreleaseyourhand，thecallwillcloseItisfashionableandusefulButitwillcertainlybeanembarrassingmomentwhenyourdressringsinpublic,TheM-DressisaniceblackdressItisalsoamobilephone,B.M-DressThatIsAlsoYourPhone,寻找主题句是关键,Skimming略读段落第一、二句或尾句。,真题演示,53.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout_.A.whatniceusedtomeanB.howlongnicehasbeenusedC.whythemeaningofnicechangedD.howthemeaningofnicechangedovertime,Aroundtheyear1300,nicewasfirstusedinEnglishtomean“stupid（silly）”.Twohundredyearslater,nicebegantocarrya“better”meaning.Ifpeoplesaidabookwaswrittennicely,theymeantthebookwaswritten“clearly”or“carefully”,not“stupidly”.After1800,nicebegantotakeitsmeaninglike“kind”or“friendly”.Sincethen,peoplehavethoughtofniceasawordwithgoodmeanings.,Twohundredyearslater,After1800,Aroundtheyear1300,nicewasfirstusedinEnglishtomean“stupid（silly）,Sincethen,peoplehavethoughtofniceasawordwithgoodmeanings.,D.howthemeaningofnicechangedovertime,Skimming略读段落首尾句,41.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?APettingZoo.B.LoveIsSacrificialAction!C.TryYourBesttoHelpOthers.D.AnAttractiveShoppingCentre.,B.LoveIsSacrificialAction,主题句也可能出现在段落中间,刚才做到的题目都是对文章_的总结。,主旨大意,Sumup,Whatsthemaintopicofthepassage?Thetitleofthepassagecanbe_.Thewritertellsus_.Themainideaofthispassageis_.Whatisthispassageabout?,在阅读理解中，主旨大意类的问题一般怎样提问？,主旨大意题解题技巧：,寻找往往是做好此类题的关键。这个句子(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,Skimming略读,主题句,47.Theunderlinedwordreleaseinthe2ndparagraphmeans_.A.putupB.putdownC.putonD.putout,TheM-DressisaniceblackdressItisalsoamobilephoneItacceptsastandardSIMcardandallowsthewearertoreceivecallswithoutcarryinganactualphoneintheirpocketorpurseYoujustneedtobringyourhandtoyourearwhenyouwanttoansweraphonecallWhenyoufinishtalkingandreleaseyourhand，thecallwillcloseItisfashionableandusefulButitwillcertainlybeanembarrassingmomentwhenyourdressringsinpublic,B.putdown,利用上下文语境猜测词义,真题演示,54.ThewordAMELIORATIONmeansawordsmeaning_.A.canchangefromitsstartB.changesfrombadtogoodC.changesfromgoodtobadD.remainsthesameovertime,AgoodchangeofawordsmeaninglikethisexampleofniceiscalledAMELIORATION.,Agoodchange,iscalled,B.changesfrombadtogood,利用文中线索词猜测词义,真题演示,你刚才做到的题目都是对文章_的猜测。,词义,Sumup,在阅读理解中，猜测词义类的问题一般怎样提问？,1)Theword.refersto_2)Tbablymeans_3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword_,词义猜测题解题技巧：,1）文中找线索或信息词;2)根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思；3）根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意。,46.Whatsthemainpurposeofthefirstdress?A.ToprotectthewearerB.Toscareyourclassmates.C.Tomakethewearerlookbetter.D.TohelpsellmoreCocaCola.,Thisspeciallydesigneddresslookslikeanormaldress，butifyouunfolditandcoveryourself，youmaylooklikeaCocaColavendingmachine（自动售货机）.Becausetherearemanyvendingmachineslikethatonthestreet，itmustbeeasyforyoutohide.Ifyoufeelthatsomeoneisfollowingyouorthereissomedanger，youcandisappearwithinfivesecondsButdontuseittoscareyourclassmatesThatllberude.,Ifyoufeelthatsomeoneisfollowingyouorthereissomedanger，youcandisappearwithinfiveseconds,A.Toprotectthewearer,lookslikeanormaldress,looklikeaCocaColavendingmachine,itmustbeeasyforyoutohide,Butdontuseittoscareyourclassmates,Detailedreading细读,真题演示,你刚才做到的题目是在对_理解基础上进行的_。,推理判断,Sumup,文章内容,在阅读理解中，推理判断类的题目一般怎样提问？,下面哪些方式不属于推理判断题？Wecaninfer(推断)fromthestorythat_Whatsthepassagemainlyabout?Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_Accordingtothestory,whatwouldhappennext?Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat_Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?,推测作者意图、态度和目的,推理判断题解题技巧：,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等，做出推理判断。,以原文内容为前提，细读文章。,词汇基础很重要！,Detailedreading细读,阅读存在突出问题,1.阅读策略问题：不会针对不同问题采用恰当的阅读策略，如主旨大意题skimming、细节题scanning等。2.阅读速度问题：慢，未能达到课标的相应要求。每篇阅读（含试题）400字左右，学生用时约810分钟。3.全面理解问题：理解正文的同时也需要理解非文本信息。标题、图片、表格信息容易被忽视。,问题出现的原因,1.课外阅读量不够。致使课内在老师指导下运用的相关阅读策略没有再运用实践的机会。阅读策略停留在了解和初步尝试的初级阶段，没有形成阅读技能。2.不良的阅读习惯（慢读、指读、出声读、回眸重读、逐字读、心读、心译等）影响了阅读的速度。,应对策略,1.以培养和提高阅读微技能为重点。2.以培养语篇理解能力为目标。3.活用教材，加强阅读的针对性训练。4.有效克服学生不良的阅读习惯。5.增加学生的课外阅读量。,Jimiseightandahalfyearstad.Hegoestoaschoolonfoot.Itsnearhishouse,andheusuallygetsbackhomeearly.But