固有结缔组织

ConnectiveTissue2015wangmin,CT,EP,featuresofconnectivetissue1.cells：fewermanykindsnonplarity(无极性）2.abundantintercellularmatrix3.noBMrichinBV,nervefibers,componentsofCT,CT,cells,intercellularmatrix,fibers（纤维）,groundsubstance（基质）(differentphysicalproperties),fluid:bloodsolid/notcalcified:cartilagehardcalcified（钙化）:bonecolloid:CTproper(固有CT),CT=cells+fibers+groundsubstance,Ep,CT,BV,CTcomponents:FibersinlooseCT(spread撕片）,Kinds（种类）andOrigination（起源）,CTproper:1.LooseCT2.DenseCT3.ReticularT4.Adipose(fat)TSpecialCT:5.CartilageT6.Osseous(bone)T7.BloodOriginatedfrommesenchyme（间充质）,Mesenchyme,mesenchymalcelldifferenciatesintoallconnectivecellandbloodvessels,muscles,bodycavities,间充质分化,MesenchymeandmatureCTmesenchyme,LooseCTFixedcellsandWanderingcellsfibroblast,adipocyte,undifferentiatedmessechymalcellplasmacell,macrophage,mastcell,leukocytesFibers:collagenfiber,elasticfiber,reticularfiberGroundsubstance:proteoglycans（蛋白多糖）glycoprotein（糖蛋白）tissuefluid,Fibers&cellsinLooseCT,CollagenousFiber(胶原纤维）pinkinHEsection,whitewhenfresh，韧性强，稳定，牢固collagen（胶原蛋白）种类：typeI:dermis,bone,capsule,tendons,ligamentstypeII:cartilagestypeIII:reticularfiber(inliver,LO,kidney,uterus.)typeIV:BMtypeV:skin,fetaltissue，placental（胎盘）tissue.“胶原病”，“疤痕体质”,胶原合成（胞内阶段、胞外阶段）,胶原合成（胞外组装）,typeI:(a1(I)2,a2typeII:(a1(II)3typeIII:(a1(III)3typeIV:(a1(IV)3typeV:(a1(V)3typeXI:aI(XI)a2(XI)a3(XI)typeIX:aI(IX)a2(IX)a3(IX)typeXII:a1(XII)3typeXVI:a1(XVI)3typeVII:a1(VII)3,胶原分类（a肽链）,MesentreyspreadunderpolaringMbundlesofcollagenF/thinelasticF,youngratmesentreyspreadperapation,ElasticfiberlightpinkinHE,yellowwhenfreshonefiber:abundleofmicrofibrils(微原纤维）：fibrillin（原纤维蛋白）-resistanceupto6Xsteeldepsitionsofmuchelastins（弹性蛋白）-elasticityupto300 x,弹性组织(richinelastin),ReticularfiberTypeIIIcollagencoatedbyproteoglycansinconspicuousinHEaffinitivetosilversalt(Argyrophilicfibers嗜银纤维),GroundSubstance(基质）inmouseendometrium（子宫内膜）underEMAnetworkofproteoglycansfillstheintercellularspaces.,Groundsubstance,Acomplexmolecularmixtureproteoglycans（蛋白多糖）：蛋白质+糖胺多糖（glycosaminoglycansGAGs）glycoprotein（糖蛋白）LM:colourlessandtransparentEM:GranularparticlesActsas:lubricantbarrier,Hyaluronicacid(HA):（透明质酸）thelongest,2.5uChondroitinsulfate（硫酸软骨素）A/CDermatansulfate(chondroitinsulfateB)硫酸角质素Heparin（肝素)sulfate,GAGs(糖胺多糖)(richin-NH2and-SO4),Molecularsieve(分子筛）,Fibron(FN)纤维粘连蛋白Laminin(LN)层粘连蛋白Chondronectin(CN)软骨粘连蛋白,Importantglycoproteinsinmatrix,cellrecognition，celladhesioncellproliferation，celldifferentiationcellmigration，tisureorganization,Cells,Fibroblast成纤维细胞Plasmacell浆细胞Macrophage巨噬细胞Mastcell肥大细胞Adipocyte脂肪细胞Leukocytes白细胞Undifferentiatedmessechymalcell未分化间质质细胞,Fibroblastactive(fibroblast)/quiescent(fibrocyte)Fibroblast:LM:largelongovoidalprocessesbasophiliccytoplasmEM:richinRERalargedevelopedGolgicomplexproducefibersandgroundsubstances-atypicalproteinsynthesizingcellFibrocyte:small,thinspindle,littleacidophiliccytoplasmcanbeactivatedrepeatedly,Scar(疤痕）tissueNormaltissue,*Macrophage,Howtodescribeacell?,1.起源、种类、分布、数量、排列2.光镜：大小、形状，细胞质：量，染色特征、内容物细胞核：数量、大小、形状、位置染色质、核仁、核膜3.电镜：与功能密切相关的特征性结构4.功能,Macrophagestructure1.origin:derivedfrommonocytemuchinLO,Liver,inflammatorysiteskinds:constitutemononuclearphagocyte（单核吞噬细胞）system2.largeirregular3.bigacidophiliccytoplasm(smallN/Pratio核浆比例)4.nucleus:onesmalleccentrical（核偏位）kidneyshape（肾型）finefilamentouschromatininconspicuousenucleolemmaandnucleolus,Macrophage(EM)1.pseudopodia（伪足）andprotrusions（突起）2.developedMF/MT/IF(cytoskeleton细胞骨架)3.phagocyticgranule(pinocyticvescicle/phagosome)4.Lysosomes(primary/secondary/residualbody）,Macrophagesfunction,1.Migration:ameboidmovement,chemotaxis（化学趋化性）2.Pahgocytosis:recognition,adhesion,engulfing,digestion3.Secretion:(50bioactivemolecules)IL-1（白介素1）-stimulatingLcInterferon（干扰素）-antivirus,antitumourTNF（肿瘤坏死因子）-inflamationPGF（血小板生长因子）-growthfactorproteinases（蛋白酶）-inflamationandremodeling4.Immunereaction:initiatesimmunereactionantigen-presenting(递呈抗原）,Plasmacell,Plasmacell-(protein-synthesisizing)OriginatedfromBlymphocteMuchinmucosa(黏膜）,chronicinflammatorysite(esp.inpolypus息肉)basophilicapalestainedarea（浅染区)nearnulceuseccentricalnucleus:（核偏位）RichinRERBigGolgicomplexChromatin:wheel-likenucleus（车轮状核）Function:secreteimmunoglobulin,Mastcell,Mastcell(肥大细胞）Location:nearsmallbloodvesselsLargeovoid,smallneucleus,IgE-receptorsGranulesabundant,rough,membranecoated,heterogeneous(不均一）,basophilic,watersoluble,metachromatic（异染性）contain:-ingranulesvasoactivesubtances、inflamativemediators（介质）histamine（组胺）,E-chemotactors（嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子）heparin（肝素）proteases(chymase糜-，tryptase胰-）,TNFa,ILs-outofgranulesPGd2,leukotriene（白三烯）-C4(SRS),Mastcellfunction:allergic/inflammativefunctionbridgecoupling(桥联作用）1Agto2IgE-RleadstodegranulationandsynthesiseofmediatorssmoothmuscleconstractionbloodvesseldilationandmorepermeableleukocytesmigratingAllergicReactionsandinflamationsAsthma,Hives,Drugrash,Allergicshock,intestinalcramps（肠痉挛）,脂肪细胞和脂肪组织,StillexistinmaturetissueUsuallyattachedtosmallbloodvesselsappearaspericyteCandifferentiated(understimulation)into：fibroblast,hematopoieticcell,mastcell,fatcell,endothelia,mesothelia,osteoblast,chondroblast.,Undifferentiatedmesenchymalcells,Denseconnectivetissuefiber:predominant,fibroblast:fewerIrregularDCT:tendon(肌腱）,ligment（韧带）RegularDCT:d