新编英语教程6 Unit 2ppt课件

.,Unit2TheFineArtofPuttingThingsOff,.,AppreciationofthemovieFlippedBackgroundInformation/Director：RobReinerisanAmericanactor,director,producer,writer,andpoliticalactivist.Fromthe1980stopresentday,ReinerhasbeenknownasadirectorofsuccessfulHollywoodfilms.SomeofthesefilmsThePrincessBride,StandbyMe,andThisIsSpinalTaphaveachievedcultstatus.ReinerhasstatedthatthefilmwhichwillgodownashismasterpieceisStandbyMe.Thefilmisalsohisfavoritefilmofhisownwork.,.,Reinerhasgoneontodirectothercriticallyandcommerciallysuccessfulfilmswithhisowncompany,CastleRockEntertainment,suchasWhenHarryMetSally.,Misery,andhismostcommerciallysuccessfulworkAFewGoodMen.,.,OneofReinersmostrecentfilms,TheBucketList,wasreleasedinDecember2007andstarredJackNicholsonandMorganFreemanastwoterminallyillmenwhoescapefromacancerwardandheadoffonaroadtripwithawishlistoftaskstoaccomplishbeforetheydie.Reinerslatestfilm,Flipped,wasreleasedin2010,Inthismovie,thedirectorportraitssix-yearjourneyofa“relationship”betweentwoneighborhoodyoungsters,.,1.ThisIsSpinalTapActor,Director,Song-Writer(1984)摇滚万岁2.TheSureThingDirector(1985)犯贱情人3.StandbyMeDirector(1986)伴我同行本片获1987年金球奖最佳电影、最佳导演提名，1987年奥斯卡奖最佳编剧提名。4.ThePrincessBrideDirector(1987)公主新娘1988年奥斯卡最佳音乐奖；1987年多伦多国际电影节民选奖,Letslookathimasdirector:,.,5.WhenHarryMetSally.Director(1989)当哈利碰上莎莉影片以柏拉图式感情的可能性（或称不可能性）为主题，展现了都市男女的困惑。6.MiseryDirector(1990)危情十日（斯蒂芬金的小说改编）7.AFewGoodMenDirector(1992)好人寥寥或义海雄风汤姆克鲁斯TomCruise；戴米摩尔DemiMoore；杰克尼科尔森JackNicholson1993年奥斯卡最佳影片，最佳男配角，最佳剪辑，最佳音响四项提名,.,8.NorthDirector(1994)9.TheAmericanPresidentDirector(1995)白宫夜未眠10.GhostsofMississippiDirector(1996)密西西比谋杀案11.TheStoryofUsDirector(1999)KISS情人布鲁斯威利斯BruceWillis；米歇尔菲佛MichellePfeiffer,.,12.AlexJuliannas/Julisfatherandmother;Julistwinbrothers.Julisretardeduncle,Daniel;Julisgirlfriend;AndSherry/anothergirlwholikesBryceatschoolBryce;Brycesgrandfather;Brycesfatherandmother;Brycessister.Theirneighbors:theladywhoboughttheeggsfromJuli,.,2.Describetherelationshipbetweenthetwomaincharacters:JuliandBryce,OnthedayBrycemovesintoavaguelyruralsuburbofanunnamedtown,Juliflipsoverhim.However,thesecond-gradeboywantsnothingtodowithher.SoJuli,wholivesacrossthestreet,stalksBryceforsixyearsuntiljuniorhigh.Thisamountsto,asBrycesvoice-overnarrationputsit,“halfadecadeofstrategicavoidanceandsocialdiscomfort.”ButwhenJulifindsthatBryceisalsoapersonwhoislessthanthesum,shedeterminesnottolikehimanymore.Atthistime,BrycefindsthathealwayslikesJuli.ThisisthestorybetweenJuliandBryce.,.,3.Describethetwofamiliesinyourownwordsfromyourownperspective:,Brycesmomanddadstandforsuperficialvaluesandmisleadingappearances.Hisdadisbitterandsnide.Butsadly,hemusthavetradedhisone-timeartisticbent(saxophoneplaying)forbread-winnerdutiesandmiddle-classsocialvirtues.InBrycesfamily,onlyhisgrandfatherreachesouttobefriendwithJulisfamily.HehelpsJulitameherfrontyardandilldisguiseshisdisdainforhisson-in-lawspretensions.,.,Juliesfamilyisartisticandgoodhearted.Dadpaintslandscapes,andMomworkspart-timejobssothefamilycanfunnelmuchoftheirmoneyintomaintainingDadsmentallydisabledbrother,Daniel,inaprivate-carefacility.Twinbrothershavemusicaltalent.,.,WhatisProcrastination?Procrastinationisputtingofforavoidingdoingsomethingthatmustbedone.Itisnaturaltoprocrastinateoccasionally.However,excessiveprocrastinationcanresultinguiltfeelingsaboutnotdoingataskwhenitshouldbedone.Itcanalsocauseanxietysincethetaskstillneedstobedone.Further,excessiveprocrastinationcancausepoorperformanceifthetaskiscompletedwithoutsufficienttimetodoitwell.Inshort,excessiveprocrastinationcaninterferewithschoolandpersonalsuccess.,.,Doyouprocrastinate?,Doyouputthingsoff?Findyourselfmakingexcusestogetoutofbothersomelittleduties?Inshort,areyouguiltyofthatnastyhabitofprocrastination?Wereallguiltyofitfromtimetotime,butwhenputtingthingsoffinterfereswithyourlife,therescauseforconcern.Procrastinationcancauseproblemsatworkorschool,inyourrelationships,andwithyourhealth,amongotherthings.Findoutwhyyouprocrastinate.,.,InstructionsofProcrastinationTestEachprocrastinationquestionpointstodifferentbutoverlappingprocrastinationactivities.Youranswerisonathreepointscale:notme,somewhatlikeme,likeme.Scorezerofornotme,oneforsomewhatlikeme,andtwoforlikeme.Whenyoufinishthetest,totalyourscore.,.,TheProcrastinationTest,NotmeSomewhatlikemeLikeme,1.Procrastinationcomesnaturallytome._2.IhaveresponsibilitiesthatImnotdoing._3.Ihaveplansthatstayonthedrawingboard._4.Isidestepuncomfortablepriorities._5.Itellmyselfthatlateristhetimetobegin._6.IstartthingsthatIdontfinish._7.Ihaveahabitofshowinguplate._8.Idelayactingtomeetadeadline._9.Ifindwaystoextenddeadlines._10.Icomeupwithexcusestoexplaindelays._,.,11.Iputoffharddecisions._12.WhenImnotsure,Illavoidthesituation._13.Iputoffmakinganeededlifestylechange._14.Mypessimismcausesdelays._15.MyemotionsaffectwhatIdo._16.Myintimaterelationshipisgoingnowhere._17.Iavoidwhatfrustratesme._18.Igetside-trackedbyconflicts._19.Mydoubtsandfearsinhibitmyactions._20.WhenIfeelanxious,IllavoidwhatIfear._,.,InterpretationEvenwhensomestatementsseemsimilar,theywonthavethesamefeelbecausetheyhavedifferentnuances.Studythesubtlety.Itsayssomethingabouthowyouperceivesituationsorwhatyoudoasresultofyourperceptions.Forexample,itemsixsuggestsbehaviorprocrastination.Thisisdifferentfromintrigueprocrastination(item18),ordecision-makingprocrastination(item11).,.,Procrastinationrangesfromaninconvenience,toahindrance,todisabling.Andthemeaningofyourtotalscoreissuggestive.Ifyouhaveazerototalscore,whatareyoudoingwastingyourtimetakingthistest?0-15:youneedtopayattentiontotheitemsonwhichyoualwaysscore“2”,becausetheseareyourprocrastinationtendenciesorcausesandtheycanbringinconveniencetoyourlife;15-30:youneedtoretrospectyourlifeandtrytoimprovewhatyoucandoaboutyourprocrastinationbehavior,becausetheyhavealreadybecomehindrancetoyourlife;Ifyouscore30ormore,youhavecometotherightblogsite.,.,Supposeyoumarkmostitemstwo.Maybeyouretoohardonyourself.However,dontdespair.Insteadofmanydifferenttypesofprocrastinationtoaddress,whatyoulikelyhavearemanyexamplesofsomebasicconditionsforprocrastination.Forexample,yourprocrastinationmaybeacombinationof(1)self-doubtsandhesitation,and(2)tensionsensitivityanddiscomfortdodgingreactions.Progressinoneareacancauseimprovementsintheother.,.,OvercomingProcrastination,IntroductionWilliamKnaus,apsychologist,estimatedthat90%ofcollegestudentsprocrastinate.Ofthesestudents,25%arechronicprocrastinatorsandtheyareusuallytheoneswhoendupdroppingoutofcollege.WhatisProcrastination?Procrastinationistheavoidanceofdoingataskwhichneedstobeaccomplished.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofguilt,inadequacy,depressionandself-doubtamongstudents.Procrastinationhasahighpotentialforpainfulconsequences.Itinterfereswiththeacademicandpersonalsuccessofstudents.,.,ExcessiveProcrastination?Procrastinationisputtingofforavoidingdoingsomethingthatmustbedone.Itisnaturaltoprocrastinateoccasionally.However,excessiveprocrastinationcanresultinguiltfeelingsaboutnotdoingataskwhenitshouldbedone.Itcanalsocauseanxietysincethetaskstillneedstobedone.Further,excessiveprocrastinationcancausepoorperformanceifthetaskiscompletedwithoutsufficienttimetodoitwell.Inshort,excessiveprocrastinationcaninterferewithschoolandpersonalsuccess.,.,WhydoStudentsProcrastinate?1.PoorTimeManagement.Procrastinationmeansnotmanagingtimewisely.Youmaybeuncertainofyourpriorities,goalsandobjectives.Youmayalsobeoverwhelmedwiththetask.Asaresult,youkeepputtingoffyouracademicassignmentsforalaterdate,orspendingagreatdealoftimewithyourfriendsandsocialactivities,orworryingaboutyourupcomingexamination,classprojectandpapersratherthancompletingthem.,.,2.DifficultyConcentrating.Whenyousitatyourdeskyoufindyourselfdaydreaming,staringintospace,lookingatpicturesofyourboyfriend/girlfriend,etc.,insteadofdoingthetask.3.Yourenvironmentisdistractingandnoisy.Youkeeprunningbackandforthforequipmentsuchaspencils,erasers,dictionary,etc.Yourdeskisclutteredandunorganizedandsometimesyousit/layonyourbedtostudyordoyourassignments.Youprobablynoticethatalloftheexamplesthatyouhavejustreadpromotetimewastingandfrustration.,.,4.FearandAnxiety.Youmaybeoverwhelmedwiththetaskandafraidofgettingafailinggrade.Asaresult,youspendagreatdealoftimeworryingaboutyourupcomingexams,papersandprojects,ratherthancompletingthem.5.NegativeBeliefssuchas;IcannotsucceedinanythingandIlackthenecessaryskillstoperformthetaskmayallowyoutostopyourselffromgettingworkdone.,.,6.Personalproblems.Forexample,financialdifficulties,problemswithyourboyfriend/girlfriend,etc.7.FindingtheTaskBoring.8.UnrealisticExpectationsandPerfectionism.YoumaybelievethatyouMUSTreadeverythingeverwrittenonasubjectbeforeyoucanbegintowriteyourpaper.Youmaythinkthatyouhaventdonethebestyoupossiblycoulddo,soitsnotgoodenoughtohandin.,.,9.FearofFailure.YoumaythinkthatifyoudontgetanA,youarefailure.Orthatifyoufailanexam,you,asaperson,areafailure,ratherthanthatyouareaperfectlyokpersonwhohasfailedanexam.,.,HowDoIKnowifIProcrastinateExcessively?Youprocrastinateexcessivelyifyouagreewithfiveormoreofthefollowingstatements:IoftenputoffstartingataskIfinddifficultIoftengiveuponataskassoonasIstarttofinditdifficult.IoftenwonderwhyIshouldbedoingatask.Ioftenhavedifficultygettingstartedonatask.IoftentrytodosomanytasksatoncethatIcannotdoanyofthem.IoftenputoffataskinwhichIhavelittleornointerest.,.,7.IoftentrytocomeupwithreasonstodosomethingotherthanataskIhavetodo.8.IoftenignoreataskwhenIamnotcertainabouthowtostartitorcompleteit.9.Ioftenstartataskbutstopbeforecompletingit.10.IoftenfindmyselfthinkingthatifIignoreatask,itwillgoaway.11.IoftencannotdecidewhichofanumberoftasksIshouldcompletefirst.12.IoftenfindmymindwanderingtothingsotherthanthetaskonwhichIamtryingtowork.,.,HowtoOvercomeProcrastination1.Recognizeself-defeatingproblemssuchas;fearandanxiety,difficultyconcentrating,poortimemanagement,indecisivenessandperfectionism.2.Identifyyourowngoals,strengthsandweaknesses,valuesandpriorities.3.Compareyouractionswiththevaluesyoufeelyouhave.Areyourvaluesconsistentwithyouractions?4.Disciplineyourselftousetimewisely:Setpriorities.,.,5.Studyinsmallblocksinsteadoflongtimeperiods.Forexample,youwillaccomplishmoreifyoustudy/workin60minuteblocksandtakefrequent10minutebreaksinbetween,thanifyoustudy/workfor2-3hoursstraight,withnobreaks.Rewardyourselfafteryoucompleteatask.6.Motivateyourselftostudy:Dwellonsuccess,notonfailure.7.Trytostudyinsmallgroups.8.Breaklargeassignmentsintosmalltasks.Keepareminderscheduleandchecklist.9.Setrealisticgoals.,.,10.Modifyyourenvironment:Eliminateorminimizenoise/distraction.Ensureadequatelighting.Havenecessaryequipmentathand.Dontwastetimegoingbackandforthtogetthings.Dontgettoocomfortablewhenstudying.Adeskandstraight-backedchairisusuallybest(abedisnoplacetostudy).Beneat!Takeafewminutestostraightenyourdesk.Thiscanhelptoreduceday-dreaming.,.,Doesprocrastinationhaveanyadvantages?,Doyoueverpostponethings,orjustforgetaboutthemforawhile,ortellyourself,Illgettothatlater?Doyousometimesfeelguiltyaboutit?Well,itstruethatprocrastinationcanbeabadhabit,buttherearetimeswhenitcanbeuseful.,.,ProcrastinationWhenYouAreUnsureSometimesprocrastinatingmakessenseifyouarentsureyoushouldbedoingsomething.Ifyouhaventstartedthatbusiness,forexample,maybeyourunconsciousmindissayingyouarentreadytodoit.Lookintothereasonsforyourprocrastination,nottorationalizeyourlackofaction,buttoseeiftherereallyisagoodreasontowait.,.,ProcrastinateWhenYouKnowItsWrongThisiswhereweallneedtolearnbetterprocrastination.Justputoffeatingthatpieceofcakeuntillater.Waitafewmoredaystogotothecasino,ortogettogetherwiththatfriendthatalwaysgetsyouintotrouble.Anytimeyouarethinkingaboutdoingsomethingyoushouldntbedoing,justsay,Illgettothatlater.,.,Thekeytocreativeprocrastinationistorecognizewhichthingsyoushouldandshouldntdo.Byallmeans,learntoovercomethehabitofprocrastinatingongoodactions,butletyourselfgetintothehabitofwaitingtodoharmfulortime-wastingthings.Ofcourseitsbettertoquitbadhabitsandactions,butthisisreallyjustaneasierwaytoquit.Putoffsmokingthatcigaretteoftenenough,andyoullbesmokinglessofthem.Waitacoupledaystogoeatthatfastfood,andyourebreakingthehabit,onestepatatime.Thatscreativeprocrastination.,.,Lecture,PartI:,1.coolonesheels:,beforcedtowait;bekeptwaiting,2.attestto:,serveasanevidencetoaffirm;tobeproofof,3.apocalyptic:,Forebodingimminentdisasterorfinaldoom,.,4.proconsul:,anadministrationinacolonyusuallywithwidepowers殖民地总督,5.ruminate:,gooverinthemindrepeatedlyandoftenslowly;,6.nattering:,chattering;hence,noisy,7.echelon:,rank,level,8.fortify:,encourage;support,9.reappraisal:,re-evaluation,10.academe:,theacademiccommunity;academics,.,11.shrink:,psychoanalystorpsychiatrist,12.subliminal:,Existingorfunctioningoutsidetheareaofconsciousawareness,13.truism:,anundoubtedorself-evidenttruth,14.mellowandmarinate:,tomellowistobecomeripeorfullydeveloped,andtomarinateistosteep(meat,fish)inasavorysaucetoenrichitsflavour;here,ripenandmature,.,PartII:Librarywork,LordChesterfield(4thearl)Chesterfield,PhilipDormerStanhope(1694-1773)wasanEnglishStatesman,authorandorator.Hislongpubliccareerbegunin1715,includinganambassadorshiptotheHague(海牙),aseatinParliament,andasuccessfultenure(任期)aslordlieutenantofIreland.Hisliteraryfamerestsuponhisletters,whicharefullofwitandworldlywisdom,tohisillegitimateson,PhilipStanhope.Theseletterswerefistpublishedin1774underthetitleLetterstoHisSon.,.,Johns,Samuel(1709-1784):Englishpoet,critic,andmanofletters,theliterarydictatorofEnglandinthelatterhalfoftheeighteenthcenturyandoneofthemostfamouspersonalitiesofhistime.HeisbestknownforhisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage(1755),whichisinsomerespectsaninnovationinlexicography(词典编撰学).Hehadthestrongestinfluenceofanyofhiscontemporariesontheliterarythoughtandstyleofthelatterpartoftheeighteenthcentury.,.,PartIII:TextAppreciation:,1.ThattheelegantearlgotaroundtomarryinghissonsmotherandhadahabitofkeepingworthieslikeDr.Johnsoncoolingtheirheelsforhoursinananteroomatteststothefacteventhemostwell-intentionedmenhavebeenpostponersever.,Paraphrase:Infact,thiselegantearlneverfoundthetimetomarryhisillegitimatesonsmother,andhealsohadabadhabitofkeepingpeoplewaitingforlonghoursinhisanteroom,evensuchfamouspeoplelikeDr.Johnson.AndthisprovesthatevenamanlikeLordChesterfield,whowouldstronglyadviseusnottopostpone,iscapableofbeingapostponerhimself.,.,2.MosespleadedaspeechdefecttorationalizehisreluctancetodeliverJehovahsedicttoPharaoh.Hamlet,ofcourse,raisedprocrastinationtoanartform.,Paraphrase:MosesusedhisslownessinspeechasajustificationforhisunwillingnesstopassJehovahsordertoPharaoh.AndthroughHamlet,Shakespearemadeprocrastination,hesitation,themajortraitofHamlet,thethemeofhisdramaticart.,摩西不愿想法老传达耶和华的法令，便借口说自己语言有缺陷；当然哈姆雷特更是把拖延上升为一种艺术形式。,.,3.Yetforallthetroubleprocrastinationmayincur,delaycanofteninspireandreviveacreativesoul.,Paraphrase:Inspiteoftheallthetroubledelaymaycause,inmanycases,delaycanoftenstimulatetheimaginationandcreativityofanartist.,尽管拖延会带来诸多不便，但拖延经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。,.,4.Thereisadifference,ofcourse,betweenchronicprocrastinationandpurposefulpostponement,particularlyinthehigherechelonsofbusiness.,Paraphrase:Thereisadifference,ofcourse,betweenhabitualandpurposefulpostponement,especiallyinthehigherlevelofbusiness.,译：当然，习惯性拖延和刻意延缓是有差别的，特别是在商业机构高层中。,.,5.Corporatedynamicsencouragethecautionthatbreedsdelay,saysRichardManderbach,BankofAmericagroupvicepresident.Henotesthatspeedyactionscanbeembarrassingorextremelycostly.,Paraphrase:Thegrowthanddevelopmen