专四词汇语法练习

练习（1）1. There was a large crowd of demonstrators _ against the war. A) protecting B) preserving C) protesting D) prosecuting2. Im afraid I will have to _her invitation to the party.A) refuse B) refute C) ignore D) decline3. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid _ for it.A) as much twice B) much as twice C) as twice much D) twice as much4. He cant start the car because the battery has _.A) run up B) run down C) run over D) run off5. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge _ our thinking.A) upon which to base B) which to base uponC) which to be based on D) to base on which6. This design is _ that one.A) more superior to B) far superior than C) more superior than D) far superior to7. I wondered what her _ to the news would be.A) impression B) reaction C) comment D) opinion8. She shouldnt have stood in a queue; she _ her underground ticket from the machine.A) has got B) must have got C) could have got D) got9. Dont worry. _ that you will be treated equally.A) Ill look forward to it B) Ill try my utmost C) Ill be on the alert D) Ill see to it10. The workers agreed to _ the strike if the company would satisfy their demand.A) call off B) call out C) call to D) call on11. Id rather you _ so rudely to her.A) dont speak B) wont speak C) should not speak D) didnt speak12. Today many kinds of electrical _ are available, which has made housework much easier than before. A) facilities B) appliances C) instruments D) equipment 13. The author is going to _ his play for television.A) add B) adopt C) adapt D)adjust 14. _ for your help, Id never have been able to achieve such a success.A) If I had not been B) Had it not beenC) If it were not D) Had it not15. With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its _.A) boundaries B) limitations C) confinements D) restraints16. Im afraid I cant _ you _; youll have to go to a hotel.A) put .up B) pick . up C) pull . up D) wake . up17. The guests said that they wouldnt mind _.A) to have a little light music B) having a little light musicC) have a little light music D) if they have a little light music18. Although this area is very poor just now, its _ wealth is great.A) previous B) profound C) potential D) primary19. He ran quickly to the classroom, two books _ under his arm.A) to be hold B) held C) were held D) holding20. We must try our best to lower the cost of our products. Otherwise the high cost will _ our profit.A) cut off B) cut in C) cut short D) cut into21. Tom is not very clever, but he is the most _ pupil in the class.A) industrious B) indulgent C) industrial D) indifferent22. No sooner had he arrived home _ he was asked to start another journey.A) when B) than C) then D) until23. Young children easily _ words that their parents frequently use. A) put up B) turn up C) bring up D) pick up24. Only when you have obtained all the information about it _ come to a sound judgment.A) you can B) you will C) would you D) can you25. American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A) ignored B) neglected C) denied D) refused26. All _ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. A) what is needed B) the thing needed C) which is needed D) that is needed27. The factory has _several workers because of the drop in sales.A) laid off B) laid out C) laid aside D) laid down28. There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance.A) applicable B) approachable C) attainable D) available29. There was a traffic jam; otherwise I _ here on time.A) would be B) had been C) should be D) would have been30. If you dont work hard, you are bound to fall behind others, _ smart you might be.A) whatever B) though C) whatsoever D) however 答案及部分题目详解1. 【答案】C 【译文】有一大群示威者在抗议战争（的爆发）。 【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】to protest against . 意为“抗议，反对”。to protect . (from .) 意为“保护（使之不受）”。to preserve 意为“保护，防护，维护”。to prosecute 意为“对起诉；进行，坚持下去”。2. 【答案】D 【译文】我恐怕不得不谢绝她的晚会邀请。 【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】decline 意为“婉谢，谢绝”，指对别人的邀请、帮助等比较委婉地回绝。refuse 意为“拒 绝”，指对别人的要求、请求等比较直率的，有时比较不客气的拒绝。refute 意为驳斥，反驳。ignore 意为“忽视，忽略，不3. 【答案】D 【译文】我昨天买的大衣一点也不贵，事实上，花两倍的价钱买它我都愿意。 【试题分析】本题考察表示倍数和比较的用法。 【详细解答】本句实际上隐含了一个又“as.as.”引导的比较状语从句。完整的句子是“I would gladly have paid twice as much as I paid for it”。当有表示倍数的词时，要放在“as.as.”比较级之前。4. 【答案】B 【译文】由于电池耗尽了，他的汽车发动不了。 【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。 【详细解答】run down 意为“（动力等）耗尽；（身体）衰弱，疲乏；（钟表）停了，(使)失灵”。run up 意为“升起（旗帜）；欠下（钱财）”。run over意为“撞倒，辗过”。run off意为“撵走，吓跑”。5. 【答案】A 【译文】如果没有事实依据，我们就不能形成正确的主张，因为我们要把想法建立在事实的基础上。【试题分析】介词关系代词不定式作后置定语。 【详细解答】此句需要一个后置定语来修饰factual knowledge，根据句意应是base our thinking (upon) on factual knowledge，因此应使用“介词关系代词不定式”的结构作后置定语。6. 【答案】D 【译文】这个设计比那个要好的多。 【试题分析】superior 表比较的用法。 【详细解答】superior 意为“优越的，优良的”，后接介词to，表示比较，单词本身没有比较级。通常在前面加“far”表示“比好得多”。7. 【答案】B 【译文】我想知道她对这个消息的反应如何。 【试题分析】词语固定搭配题。 【详细解答】reaction 意为“对的反应”。impression与on 搭配，表示“给留下印象”。comment 与on 搭配，表示“对做出评价”。opinion on意为“对发表看法（意见）”。8. 【答案】C 【译文】她不应该去排队买票，她本来可以通过售票机买地铁票的。 【试题分析】本题考察情态动词could 的完成式用法。 【详细解答】前半句用“shouldnt have done”的形式，表示“本不应该做”；后半句则提供了另一种可能性，“本来可以”，因为是过去可能做，而实际上未做的事情，故应使用could的完成式。9. 【答案】D 【译文】不要担心，我会关照，好让你受到平等对待的。 【试题分析】see （to it ）that从句的用法。 【详细解答】see （to it ）that意为“务必，留神，注意做到”。其他三个选项在结构上都不能接从句，在语义上，look forward to意为“希望，盼望”；try ones utmost 意为“竭尽全力”；be on the alert 意为“警惕，提防”。10. 【答案】A 【译文】工人们同意如果公司满足他们的要求就取消罢工。 【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。 【详细解答】call off 意为“取消”。call out 意为“叫（请）出来；叫出（名字）”。call to 意为“向喊”。call on 意为“号召，呼吁，要求”。11. 【答案】D 【译文】我宁愿你不对她这么无礼。 【试题分析】would rather 后宾语从句的虚拟语气。 【详细解答】would rather 表示愿望，后接的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，用过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，用过去完成时。12. 【答案】B 【译文】如今可供使用的电器很多，这使得做家务事比以前容易多了。 【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】appliance 意为“器具，器械”，electrical appliance 意为“电器”。facility 意为“设备，设施”。instrument 意为“仪器”，尤指用于精致工作的工具或仪器。equipment 意为“设备，装备”。13. 【答案】C 【译文】作者将要把他的剧本改编为电视剧。 【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】adapt意为“改编，翻改；使适应”。add 意为“增加，加强”。adopt意为“采纳，采取（态度）；收养”。adjust意为“调整，适应”。14. 【答案】B 【译文】如果不是你的帮助，我永远都不会取得这样的成功。 【试题分析】本题测试虚拟条件句的倒装。 【详细解答】根据句意和时态，前半句应为“If it had not been for your help”。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, had, should 时，可以省略if, 将were, had, should 移至主语的前面。15. 【答案】B 【译文】虽然电脑有很多好处，但绝不是没有局限性。 【试题分析】同义词语辨析题。 【详细解答】limitation意为“限制，局限”。boundary 意为“边境线，分界线”。confinement意为“限制（在范围内），监禁”，。restraint意为“抑制，遏制，制止”，常接介词from。16. 【答案】A 【译文】恐怕我不能给你提供住处，你得去住旅馆。 【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。 【详细解答】put . up意为“留住宿；举起；搭建”。pick . up 意为“拾起，拿起；学会，学到”。pull . up意为“使（车子）停下”。wake . up意为“叫醒”。17. 【答案】B 【译文】客人们说来一点轻音乐也好。 【试题分析】mind +动名词表示“介意，反对”。 【详细解答】mind 作“在乎，介意”讲时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后面若有动词作宾语，要用动名词。18. 【答案】C 【译文】虽然目前这一地区很贫穷，但它的潜在财富却是巨大的。 【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】potential意为“潜在的”。previous 意为“以前的，从前的”。profound意为“深奥的，博学的”。primary意为“初级的；主要的；基本的”。19. 【答案】B 【译文】他胳膊下夹着两本书，飞快地向教室跑去。 【试题分析】独立主格结构作伴随状语。 【详细解答】由于句子前后以逗号隔开，没有连词，因此后半句只能是伴随状语，要使用名词分词的独立主格结构，此句中books是分词动作hold的承受者，故应使用过去分词。20. 【答案】D【译文】我们必须全力降低产品的成本，否则高成本将使利润大打折扣。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】cut into意为“减少，降低；插嘴，打断”。cut off 意为“切断；隔绝，挡住；切下来”。cut in意为“插嘴，夹塞”。cut short意为“打断（谈话），中断（活动）”。21. 【答案】A 【译文】汤姆并不十分聪明，但他却是班里最勤奋的学生。 【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】industrious意为“勤奋的，勤勉的”。indulgent 意为“纵容的，溺爱的”。industrial意为“工业的，实业的”。indifferent意为“冷淡的，漠不关心的；平淡无奇的”。22. 【答案】B 【译文】他刚到家，就被要求开始另一个旅程。 【试题分析】测试 “no sooner.than”引导的时间状语从句。 【详细解答】 “no sooner.than” 是一个关联从属连词，意为“一就 ”，故B为正确答案。当 “no sooner”置于句首时，要用倒装语序。23. 【答案】D 【译文】小孩子们会很容易学会父母常使用的话语。 【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。 【详细解答】pick up 意为“拾起；（非正规地）学会，学到”。put up 意为“举起；修建；留住宿”。turn up 意为“出现，出席”。bring up 意为“抚养大；提出”。24. 【答案】D 【译文】只有当你得到关于它的所有信息后，才能得出合理的判断。 【试题分析】倒装结构。 【详细解答】“Only+状语（状语从句）”置于句首时，主句的主、谓语需采用部分倒装的结构。如果谓语中含有情态动词、助动词或动词be 时，只要将其移至主语前即可。25. 【答案】C 【译文】美国妇女很长时间都未被赋予选举的权利，经过多年的斗争，直到1920年她们才争取到了这一权利。 【试题分析】同义词语辨析题。 【详细解答】deny sb. sth.表示“拒绝给予”。ignore 意为“忽视，忽略，不理睬”。neglect 意为“疏忽，忽视”。refuse 意为“拒绝”。26. 【答案】D 【译文】全部所需要的就是对基本生活必需品的源源不断的供应。 【试题分析】that 引导的限制性定语从句。【详细解答】All 后需要一个定语从句，而all后面的定语从句只能由that 引导27. 【答案】A 【译文】由于销售量下降，这家工厂已经解雇了一些工人。 【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。 【详细解答】lay off意为“解雇”。lay out 意为“设计，布局；花费，使用”。lay aside意为“放在一边”。lay down意为“放下；规定，说明”。28. 【答案】D 【译文】星期五的演出已经没有票了。 【试题分析】词语辨析题。 【详细解答】available意为“可以得到的，可供利用（使用）的”。applicable 意为“适用的，有效的”。approachable意为“可以到达的，容易接近的”。attainable意为“可以达到的”。29. 【答案】D 【译文】我遇到交通堵塞了，否则我会按时到这的。 【试题分析】隐含的虚拟条件句。 【详细解答】此题中前半句是一个陈述句，后半句中otherwise相当于一个虚拟的条件从句“If the traffic had not been very busy”，是对过去的情况的一个假设，因此主句中的谓语要用“would have done”的形式。30. 【答案】D 【译文】不管你有多聪明，如果你不努力，注定会落在别人后面。 【试题分析】however 引导让步状语从句。【详细解答】however 引导让步状语从句相当于“no matter how”，后接形容词或副词，表示“不管多么”。whatever 和whatsoever （语气比whatever 强）引导让步状语从句时，相当于“no matter what”，后接名词。此句如选though，后半句应为“though you might be smart”。练习（2）1. How do you _ for coming late for the meeting? A) explain B) excuseC) describe D) account2. The mother was so _ at the news that she didnt know what to do. A)admired B) amazedC) amused D) curious3. He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at full _. A) power B) voiceC) volume D) sound4. The coach must take a large _ of the blame for the failure of the football match. A) quantity B) numberC) share D) amount5. Although alone in the house, he was so busy with his research that he felt_ lonely. A) all but B) nothing butC) something but D) anything but6. The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessary for skilled workers to _ unskilled workers.A) take place B) take overC) take down D) take the place of7. _ so few people in the street was unusual. A) For there to be B) As there to beC) For there being D) As there being8. There are signs _ Internet are becoming more and more popular with teenagers. A) that B) whoseC) what D) which9. Bob had been _ on a meadow sprinkled with dandelion for a long time before he sat up. A) laid B) lyingC) lain D) laying10. Jill would rather that his girl friend _ in the same department as he does. A) studied B) should studyC) study D) had studied 11. She had no objection to _ the airplane ticket which would send her to Geneva. A) to take B) taking C) of taking D) to taking12. Im _ the impression that youve told me about it.A) into B) onC) of D) under13. In the summer holidays, they have a plan to go to movies at weekly _.A) intervals B) basesC) gaps D) times14.I have decided to _ my smoking.A)cut up B)cut offC)cut across D)cut down15. Many of the imported planes have been lying _for years because of the restrictions on the foreign spare parts.A) idle B) vacant C) empty D) hollow16. Electrical _ are(is) used to free people from the heavy housework.A) equipment B) facilitiesC) appliances D) apparatus17. The rain came on time and would certainly ease the feat _ the people of inland. A) to face B) face C) facing D) faces18. They bought a Yamaha piano at the price of 10,000 yuan. They liked itso much that they would have paid _ for it.A) twice as much B) as much twiceC) as twice much D) much as twice19. It was not until she had come downstairs _ remembered the keys were not with her.A) she B) when she C) that she D) and see20. Mike is very happy. His mark in the English examination is higher than_ in the classA) anyones B) anyone elseC) anyone elses D) anyones else21. The first prize goes to _ makes the greatest contribution to the company.A) whomever B) whicheverC) no matter who D) whoever22. Society is a building, to the construction of _ every member brings a brick.A) that B) which C) it D) this 23. The applicant filled in the form，but he didnt know which office room _.A) to send it to B) to be sent to C) to have it sent to D) to sent it24. Young _ he was, he was trusted with an important task.A)because B)althoughC)as D)since25. Tom broke the glass of the neighbors window. Ill _ that he will not do it again.A) hope for B ) be sure C) see to it D) make it so 26.The new cars of the Volkswagon Company are now being _at the rate of 1,000 every week. A) turned out B) turned downC) turned up D) turned on27. It was urgent that he _ her immediately.A) calls B) calledC) call D) would call28. I dont _ going to the movie.A) feel for B) feel likeC) feel out D) feel29. The meeting drew to a _ late in the afternoon.A) near B) close C) point D) tail30. John regretted _ to the meeting last week.A) not going B) not go to C) not having been going D) not to be going 答案及部分题目详解1【答案】D【译文】 你怎么解释你开会迟到了？【试题分析】短语动词【详细解答】account for 解释、导致；explain解释；excuse 原谅；find excuse for 找借口；describe 描述。2【答案】B【译文】 听到消息，这位妈妈震惊得不知所措。【试题分析】词义辨析【详细解答】测验学生对几个形容词近义词的辨认。admired 敬慕的,amused 被逗乐的，curious好奇的，be amazed at 对很震惊。3【答案】C【译文】 他喜欢听音乐时把音量开到最大。【试题分析】词义辨析【详细解答】测验学生对几个名词近义词的辨认。power电力、功率、权力；voice 声音、说话声；sound声音、声响；volume 音量、容量。本句话说的是把收音机的音量开到最大，所以选择C。4【答案】C【译文】 教练必须对这次足球赛的失败负大部分责任。【试题分析】词义辨析【详细解答】测验学生对几个名词近义词的辨认。quantity量、数量；number数目、数字；amount数量、总数，share份额。这里讲的是一大部分的责任，所以选择C。5【答案】D【译文】 尽管房子里只有他一人，但他忙于自己的工作所以一点也不感到孤独。【试题分析】固定搭配【详细解答】这道题目主要是测试学生对于anything but 及nothing but 的掌握，anything but一点也不、决不, nothing but只不过而已。6【答案】D【译文】 由于从国外引进了先进技术，所以很有必要用熟练工人取代不熟练工人。【试题分析】动词短语【详细解答】take place发生；take down 记下；take over 接管；take the place of 取代 。根据上下文，选择D7【答案】A【译文】 街上人这么少，真奇怪。【试题分析】句法结构【详细解答】there to be 句型做主语时，通常用for做引导词。所以选择A项。8【答案】A【译文】 有迹象表明，互联网正越来越受到青少年的喜爱。【试题分析】名词性从句【详细解答】名词sign后面要跟that引导的从句做同位语。9【答案】B【译文】 Bob在满是蒲公英的草地上躺了很长时间才坐起来。【试题分析】动词变形【详细解答】本题主要测验学生对几个容易混淆的词的辨认。lie 躺：过去式 lay，过去分词lain；现在分词lying；lie撒谎：过去式lied，过去分词lied，现在分词lying；lay放置：过去式laid，过去分词laid，现在分词laying. 句子中是lie(躺)的现在分词。10【答案】A【译文】 Jill宁愿他的女朋友和他在同一个系里学习。【试题分析】虚拟语气【详细解答】would rather 后面的从句常用虚拟语气过去式。所以选择A。11【答案】B【译文】她不反对接受这张飞往日内瓦的机票。【试题分析】考查搭配。【详细解答】have no objection to doing something表示不反对做什么事情。注意to为介词。 12. 【答案】D【译文】我模糊记得你给我谈过此事。【试题分析】考查短语。【详细解答】 to be under the impression that 表示有模糊印象发生过什么事情。13. 【答案】A【译文】在暑假里，他们有一个计划，每隔一周看一次电影。【试题分析】考查短语。【详细解答】at intervals是考点，表示每隔一段时间或者距离。其余三项均无此义。14. 【答案】D【译文】我决定少抽烟。【试题分析】短语辨义题。【详细解答】cut up切碎，破碎；cut off 切断，删去；cut across 走捷径，抄近路；cut down 减少，符合题15. 【答案】A【译文】因为对外国零件的限制，许多进口飞机已经闲置了数年。【试题分析】近义词辨析。【详细解答】idle 空闲的，无用的，懒散的；vacant 空缺的，未占用的；empty空无一物的；hollow中空的16. 【答案】C【译文】家电把人们从繁重的家务劳动中解放出来。【试题分析】近义词辨析。【详细解答】 equipment 不可数名词表示设备，装备，仪表，一起；facilities表示便利设施；appliances表示用具，家电；apparatus表示仪器和器具。17. 【答案】C【译文】这场雨下得及时，它将缓解内陆地区的人们面临的高温。【试题分析】考查分词短语的用法【详细解答】 分词短语作定语，它的作用相当于定语从句。现在分词短语表示动作是由前面的名词发出的，既可以表示进行中的动作，又可以表示习惯性动作。过去分词短语表示前面的名词是受动者。18. 【答案】A【译文】他们花了10，000元买了一台雅马哈钢琴。他们很喜欢它，甚至愿意出双倍的价钱。【试题分析】考查英语倍数的表达方法。【详细解答】 twice as much/many 可以用来表示双倍，谈论不可数的东西时用much； 谈论可数的东西时用many。19. 【答案】C【译文】她下了楼梯才发现忘记带钥匙了。【试题分析】考查强调句型【详细解答】 强调句型中应该用that 不用其他的引导词。与not .until 句型连用时注意,当强调 until部分时, not应该和until 部分一起强调。20. 【答案】C【译文】麦克很开心，它的英语考试成绩比别人的都高。【试题分析】考查代词属格。【详细解答】 表示其他任何人应该用 anyone else；它的属格是anyone elses.21. 【答案】D【译文】为公司做出最大贡献的人可以得到头奖。【试题分析】考查从句引导词。【详细解答】虽然介词之后应该用宾格，但因为后面跟的是一个句子，只能选用主格的whoever 不选用whomever；whichever不用来指表示人的主语；no matter who用来引导让步状语从句。 22. 【答案】B【译文】社会就象是一座建筑，每个人都为它添砖加瓦。【试题分析】考查定语从句。【详细解答】 定语从句的复杂介词引导词要结合上下文确定。本句中缺少的是一个关系代词， 指物，且用在介词之后只能选B。23. 【答案】A【译文】申请人填完了表格，却不知应该交到哪个办公室。【试题分析】考查动词不定式短语。【详细解答】 由疑问词+不定式构成的不定式短语可以用作动词宾语，相当于从句。但不定式的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则应用宾语从句。24. 【答案】C【译文】虽然他很年轻，却被委以重任。【试题分析】考查连接词。【详细解答】显然逗号前后的部分是让步关系，而because和since都是引导原因状语从句，不合题意。而although不能引导倒装的让步状语从句，所以选C。25. 【答案】C【译文】汤姆把邻居家的窗户玻璃打碎了，我会加以注意，让他下一次别这样。【试题分析】考查短语。【详细解答】see to 是一个词组，表示注意照料； 该词组后接从句，构成see to it that.26. 【答案】A【译文】大众公司的新车正在以每周1，000辆的速度生产出来。【试题分析】动词短语的辨析。【详细解答】turn out 表示生产，制造；turn down关小，调低，拒绝；turn up 出现，出席，被发现；turn on 打开，开启。27. 【答案】C【译文】他马上给她打电话是很重要的。【试题分析】考查虚拟语气【详细解答】 在it is urgent that. 的从句中应该用虚拟语气，should+动词原形，且 should可以省略.28. 【答案】B【译文】我不想去看电影。【试题分析】考查短语搭配。【详细解答】 feel like要求加动名词，表示想要； feel for 表示摸着寻找； feel somebody out 表示摸清某人的意图，想法。29. 【答案】B【译文】会议在下午结束。【试题分析】考查短语。【详细解答】 draw to a close表示快要结束。come to an end /a close也可以表达同样的意思。30. 【答案】A【译文】John 很后悔上星期没有去参加那个会议。【试题分析】考查 regret的用法。【详细解答】 对以前的事情后悔应该用regret加上doing。练习（3）1. Ability to get along with people is an _ in business.A) capital B) property C) goods D) asset2. Many Africans were _ to Christianity.A) changed B) transformed C) converted D) exchanged3. The _ scene of the waterfall is a perfect delight to the eye.A) significant B) magnificent C) superstitious D) substantial4. A lot of traffic accidents_ from carelessness.A) arouse B) arise C) raise D) rise5. The teacher_ me_ for disobedience.A) called .down B) called.upon C) called.off D) called.out6. Some areas, _their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.A) due to B) but for C) in spite of D) with regard to7. I left for the school earlier than usual this morning _ traffic jam.A) in terms of B) in case of C) for the sake of D) at the risk of8. John felt very _ when everyone laughed at his question. A) boring B) complex C) embarrassed D) encouraged9. He criticized everything and everybody, and even _ his teachers.A) ran over B) ran down C) ran against D) ran into 10. In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night, and asked to report what they _.A) had been dreaming B) have been dreaming C) are dreaming D) had dreamt11. It was several hours before I was _ of what was happe