2015年4月全国高等教育自学考试试题

2015年4月全国高等教育自学考试试题英语（一）试卷本试卷共8页，满分100分；考试时间150分钟。第一部分：阅读判断（第110题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。The Greatest GiftOne day, I was telling my mother about a new girl in school. Suddenly she asked, Who are your two best friends, Helen?Jill and Jaime.Well, what about Karen and Cindy?I dont know who their best friends are.No, she said. I mean, why arent they your best friends? She seemed upset and hurt.But theyre my sisters.Yes, but they can still be your best friends. Friends may come and go, but your sisters will always be there for you.At the time, the idea of my sisters being my closest friends seemed strange to me. We used to fight over toys, food, attention and what to watch on television. But my mother never let the three of us forget it: sisters are lifelong friends. Her wish was to give us something that she had never had. When she gave birth to three daughters, the fulfillment（实现）of her dream had only just begun. She had given us each a giftour sistersand she wanted to make sure we did not take that gift for granted. She would frequently tell us how lucky we were, constantly take us to places together so we grew closer, and would even punish us equally, giving us yet another bonding（亲密关系）experience.It was somewhere in between Moms lectures, the family vacations and the shared memories that we realized that Mom was right. Today I share things with my sisters that I share with no one else. My sister Cindy and I ran the New York City Marathon together, side by side, holding hands when crossing the finishing line. When Karen got married, I was her maid of honor. The three of us trust each other with our greatest secrets.It was twenty-three years ago that my mother first asked me who my two best friends were. Today she doesnt have t. She already knows.1.【题干】One day, one of Heles sisters asked her to be her best friend.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】B【解析】由文章开头妈妈和Helen的对话可知，妈妈告诉Helen，她的两个姐姐应成为她最好的朋友，而并不是Helen的一个姐姐让Helen成为她最好的朋友。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。【考点】2.【题干】Mom believed that sisters should be the best friends to each other.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】A【解析】由第七段可知，妈妈认为Helen应和她的姐姐们彼此成为好朋友。题干的表述与文章一致，故选A。【考点】3.【题干】Helen fund it easy to accept the idea of having her sisters as her best friends.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】B【解析】由第八段第一句可知，在当时，把姐姐们作为她最亲密的朋友这个想法让Helen感觉很奇怪，所以对Helen来说是不容易接受的。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。【考点】4.【题干】Helen and her sisters never argued and fought.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】B【解析】由第八段第二句可知，Helen常常和姐姐们因为玩具、食物、关怀和看电视节目而争吵。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。【考点】5.【题干】To help her daughters become best friends, Mom sent them to the same school.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】C【解析】文章并没有提及妈妈把Helen和她的姐姐们送往同一个学校，故选C。【考点】6.【题干】Helens sisters were the greatest gift that Mom gave Helen.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】A【解析】由第八段可知，妈妈生了三个女儿，并且经常会告诉她们有多幸运，让她们一起玩耍，也一起受罚，目的就是想告诉她们彼此是最好的朋友，是给彼此最好的礼物。故选A。【考点】7.【题干】Mom punished the sisters equally to make them understand they were connected by blood tie.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】A【解析】由第八段最后一句中的and would even punish us equally, giving us yet another bonding（亲密关系）experience可知，妈妈让女儿们同等受罚，就是想让她们知道她们是最亲密的人，是有血缘亲情的。故选A。【考点】8.【题干】Helen and Cindys friendship was shown by their running the New York Marathon together.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】A【解析】由倒数第二段第三句可知，Helen和姐姐Cindy一起跑了纽约马拉松，当冲过终点线时，她们肩并肩，手拉手。从这里可以看出她们之间的姐妹情深，故选A。【考点】9.【题干】Helens sister Cindy was not married.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】C【解析】文章倒数第二段只提到Karen结婚了，但并未提及Cindy是否结婚，故选C。【考点】10.【题干】The three sisters seldom share their secrets.【选项】ATrueBFalseCNot Given【答案】B【解析】由倒数第二段最后一句可知，她们三姐妹彼此很信任，都能分享自己最大的秘密。题干的表述与文章不一致，故选B。【考点】第二部分：阅读选择（第1115题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项。Hares and RabbitsOne of the gentlest of all animals is the hare. When you consider how mild this animal is, you might wonder how it can survive in a world full of enemies. But then youve also probably noticed its strong hind（后面的）legs. Those legs give it plenty of speed. And you know how rapidly hares and rabbits breed（繁殖）. Thats another reason why they manage to survive.Hares and rabbits have long, sharp front teeth. Their hind legs are longer than their front legs so that they run faster uphill than downhill. When they are hunted, they use tricks such as taking huge leaps to break the smell or signal danger to each other by hitting the ground with their hind feet. Hares and rabbits are purely vegetarians（素食者）. They can live very well on the inner bark f trees.There are many differences between hares and rabbits. Hares are larger, and their feet and ears are longer. Hares do not dig holes or live in groups, as do rabbits. Hares are born pen-eyed and with thick fur, while rabbits are born blind and hairless.North America is the home of many different types of hares. One of the best known is the jack hare, a large hare with very long ears. Jacks are so fast that they can sometimes make a leap of six meters.The March hare, whom we know from Alice in Wonderland, is a common European hare. In March, they are always busy in mating, thus acquiring its name.Unlike hares, rabbits are social animals, living together in holes. A rabbit may mate when it is six months old and its young are born within a month. So if the rabbit has no natural enemies, it can become quite a pest.11.【题干】People are curious about the survival of the hare because_.【选项】Atheir legs are not strong enoughBtheir growth is not fast enoughCthey are too gentleDthey run too slow【答案】C【解析】事实细节题。由第一段第一、二句可知，野兔是最温顺的动物之一，当你在想这个动物有多温顺时，你可能想知道在一个满是敌人的世界上它是怎样存活的。因为野兔很温顺，故人们对它们能够幸存很好奇。故选C。【考点】12.【题干】Hares and rabbits use tricks when they_.【选项】Arun uphillBare huntedCsignal dangerDtake huge leaps【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。由第二段第三句可知，当野兔和家兔遭到捕猎时，它们都会使用伎俩。故选B。【考点】13.【题干】Compared with hares, rabbits_.【选项】Ahave longer feetBhave thicker furCare born pen-eyedDlike to live in groups【答案】D【解析】事实细节题。由第三段可知，野兔和家兔有很多不同之处，野兔较大，它们的脚和耳朵都较长；野兔不会挖洞，也不群居生活，而家兔会挖洞，过着群居生活；野兔出生时眼睛是睁开的，身上毛很厚，而家兔出生时眼睛是闭着的，浑身无毛。故选D。【考点】14.【题干】Many people get to know the March hare from the fact that it_.【选项】Ahas long ears and legsBdigs a lot of holes in MarchCcan make a leap of six metersDappears in Alice in Wonderland【答案】D【解析】事实细节题。由倒数第二段第一句可知，人们都知道三月兔出现在爱丽丝梦游仙境中。故选D。【考点】15.【题干】Rabbits natural enemies prevent them from_.【选项】Abecoming a big troubleBbreeding when youngCliving in holesDbecoming social animals【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句可知，如果家兔没有天敌的话，它就会泛滥成灾了。所以正是家兔的天敌阻止它们成为大麻烦。故选A。【考点】第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第1625题，每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：（1）从第1620题后所给的6个选项中为第段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）从第2125题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。Pawn Shops（当铺）Pawn shops are businesses where people bring their possessions to sell or to get a short-term loan. Pawn shops may be large or small, clean or dirty, but they are all full of stories. The United States has about ten thousand of them.In the past few years, pawn shops have been doing business with more people than ever before. That is because many lenders（贷方）now do business only with individuals having good credit records or a high-paying job Often, the individuals most in need of a loan have poor credit records. But they do not need a good job or credit record to get a loan from a pawnbroker（典当商）. They only need to have something of value.When a traditional lender agrees to provide a loan, it may take days or weeks before an individual receives the money. But pawnbrokers will give a loan in just a few minutes based on the resale value of an object and without asking about the persons job or credit history.Many pawn shops specialize in jewelry. But most shops accept almost anything of value, including computers, musical instruments, guns, old coins and so on. The item itself acts as the security, or collateral（抵押物）, for the loan. If the loan is not repaid, the object can be soldCustomers can get the object back at any time by repaying the loan plus the interest and fees they agreed to pay. Or they can pay the interest and leave the item at the pawn shop for a while longer.The National Pawnbrokers Association is a national trade group representing pawnbrokers. The association calls pawn-brokering “one of humankinds oldest financial institutions.” It says pawnbrokers operated three thousand years ago in ancient China and in early Greek and Roman times.Task116.【题干】Paragraph_.【选项】AQuick loan from a pawnbrokerBProperties of a pawnbrokerCHow does a pawn shop run?DWhat is a pawn shop?EPawn-brokering: a trade with a long historyFRecent development of pawn shops【答案】D【解析】本段第一句首先介绍了当铺的定义，后两句也是围绕着当铺来讲述的。故本段讲述的是当铺的定义。【考点】17.【题干】Paragraph_.【选项】AQuick loan from a pawnbrokerBProperties of a pawnbrokerCHow does a pawn shop run?DWhat is a pawn shop?EPawn-brokering: a trade with a long historyFRecent development of pawn shops【答案】F【解析】本段主要讲述了在过去的几年里当铺和更多的人在做生意，那是因为现在许多贷方只和有良好信用记录或者有高收入工作的人做生意，而那些最需要贷款的个人的信用记录经常很差；但是那些最需要贷款的个人不需要有一份好工作或者有良好信用记录就可以从典当商那里贷款，他们只需要有值钱的东西就可以了。故本段讲述的是当铺最近的发展。【考点】18.【题干】Paragraph_.【选项】AQuick loan from a pawnbrokerBProperties of a pawnbrokerCHow does a pawn shop run?DWhat is a pawn shop?EPawn-brokering: a trade with a long historyFRecent development of pawn shops【答案】A【解析】本段主要讲述了借方可能会在传统的贷方那里花上几天或者几周的时间才会收到贷款，但是在典当商那里几分钟内就可以收到贷款，并且他们不会询问个人的工作和信用记录。故本段讲述的是典当商的快速借贷。【考点】19.【题干】Paragraph_.【选项】AQuick loan from a pawnbrokerBProperties of a pawnbrokerCHow does a pawn shop run?DWhat is a pawn shop?EPawn-brokering: a trade with a long historyFRecent development of pawn shops【答案】C【解析】本段主要讲述了任何有价值的物品都可以在当铺作为抵押物来贷款；如果没有偿还贷款，物品就会被卖掉；只要偿还了贷款以及利息和其他费用，物品就可以被赎回，只要顾客支付了利息，当铺就可以替顾客保存物品更久一点。故本段讲述的是当铺是如何经营的。【考点】20.【题干】Paragraph_.【选项】AQuick loan from a pawnbrokerBProperties of a pawnbrokerCHow does a pawn shop run?DWhat is a pawn shop?EPawn-brokering: a trade with a long historyFRecent development of pawn shops【答案】E【解析】本段主要讲述了英国全国典当协会把典当行称为“人类最古老的金融机构之一”；典当商在3000年前的中国古代和早期的希腊和罗马时代就开始经营了。故本段讲述的是典当业的悠久历史。【考点】Task221.【题干】People bring their valuable things to pawn shops to_.【选项】Aturn to pawn brokersBthe borrowers job or credit historyCthe customers repay the loanDpay back the agreed sum of moneyEget a loanFthe customers pay the interest【答案】E【解析】由第一段第一句可知，人们可以把他们值钱的东西拿到当铺去贷款。故选E。【考点】22.【题干】People who have poor credit records are more likely to_.【选项】Aturn to pawn brokersBthe borrowers job or credit historyCthe customers repay the loanDpay back the agreed sum of moneyEget a loanFthe customers pay the interest【答案】A【解析】由第二段倒数第二、三句可知，信用记录差的人可以在典当商那里贷款，因为他们不需要你有好的工作和良好的信用记录。故选A。【考点】23.【题干】Pawnbrokers pay more attention to the resale value of an object instead of_.【选项】Aturn to pawn brokersBthe borrowers job or credit historyCthe customers repay the loanDpay back the agreed sum of moneyEget a loanFthe customers pay the interest【答案】B【解析】由第三段第二句可知，典当商会根据物品的转售价值来贷款给你，并且不会问你的工作和信用记录。故选B。【考点】24.【题干】If customers want to get their objects back they must_.【选项】Aturn to pawn brokersBthe borrowers job or credit historyCthe customers repay the loanDpay back the agreed sum of moneyEget a loanFthe customers pay the interest【答案】D【解析】由第四段第五句可知，如果顾客想赎回所当的物品，他们必须偿还约定的钱。故选D。【考点】25.【题干】The pawn shop may keep the object for a longer time on the condition that_.【选项】Aturn to pawn brokersBthe borrowers job or credit historyCthe customers repay the loanDpay back the agreed sum of moneyEget a loanFthe customers pay the interest【答案】F【解析】由第四段最后一句可知，只要顾客支付了利息，当铺就可以替顾客保存物品更久一点。故选F。【考点】第四部分：填句补文（第2630题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。ResourcesResources are found in nature. They make a better quality of life for humans. Soil, air, water, sunlight and trees are all examples of resources that humans use every day, whether they know it or not._（26）A natural resource is a material fund in nature and used by living things. Air, rocks, metals, oil and salt are all natural resources. Renewable（可再生的）resources are resources that can be replaced._（27）Trees that are cut down can be replaced quickly when seeds or baby trees are planted. Water from our bathtubs（浴盆）can be cleaned for use. Plants, wind and rain can help clean the air to make it safe to breathe even if it comes out of a car or a factory.Sometimes resources cannot be replaced after they are used._（28）Once nonrenewable resources are all used up, nature will not be able to replace them. Oil, natural gas, soil and metals are all examples of nonrenewable resources.Coal is another example of a nonrenewable resource._（29）Humans mine the coal underground and use it as an energy source. Once humans have mined all the coal from inside Earth, there will be on more for us to depend on._（30）For example, wind and water turbines（涡轮机）are now being used to produce energy.26.【题干】_.【选项】AThese are called nonrenewable resources.BThey replace some of the need to burn coal.CIt is made by nature deep in Earth.DWithout resources, humans could not live on Earth.ETrees, air, water and energy from the sun are renewable resources.FLuckily, humans are finding new ways to replace coal.【答案】D【解析】空格前一句讲述的是不管人类知不知道，土壤、空气、水、阳光和树木都是人类每天使用的资源。D项讲的是没有了资源，人类就不能在地球上生活，与上文衔接最紧密，故选D。【考点】27.【题干】_.【选项】AThese are called nonrenewable resources.BThey replace some of the need to burn coal.CIt is made by nature deep in Earth.DWithout resources, humans could not live on Earth.ETrees, air, water and energy from the sun are renewable resources.FLuckily, humans are finding new ways to replace coal.【答案】E【解析】空格前一句讲述的是可再生资源的定义。E项讲的是树木、空气、水和太阳能是可再生资源，与上文衔接最紧密，故选E。【考点】28.【题干】_.【选项】AThese are called nonrenewable resources.BThey replace some of the need to burn coal.CIt is made by nature deep in Earth.DWithout resources, humans could not live on Earth.ETrees, air, water and energy from the sun are renewable resources.FLuckily, humans are finding new ways to replace coal.【答案】A【解析】空格后一句讲述的是不可再生资源的情况。A项讲的是什么是不可再生资源，与下文衔接最紧密故选A。【考点】29.【题干】_.【选项】AThese are called nonrenewable resources.BThey replace some of the need to burn coal.CIt is made by nature deep in Earth.DWithout resources, humans could not live on Earth.ETrees, air, water and energy from the sun are renewable resources.FLuckily, humans are finding new ways to replace coal.【答案】C【解析】空格前一句讲述的是煤是一种不可再生资源。C项讲的是煤是如何形成的，与上文衔接最紧密，故选C。【考点】30.【题干】_.【选项】AThese are called nonrenewable resources.BThey replace some of the need to burn coal.CIt is made by nature deep in Earth.DWithout resources, humans could not live on Earth.ETrees, air, water and energy from the sun are renewable resources.FLuckily, humans are finding new ways to replace coal.【答案】F【解析】空格后一句讲述的是人类正在使用风和水轮机来产生能量。F项讲的是人类正在寻找新的方式来代替煤，与下文衔接最紧密，故选F。【考点】第五部分：填词补文（第3140题，每题1.5分，共15分）下面的短文有10处空白，短文后列出12个词，其中10个取自短文,请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。How Old Are You?In English, when we meet people for the first time, there are some safe topics to talk about, such as weather, or which part of the country they come from. We wouldnt ask them whether they were_（31）,or how much they earned, or how_（32）they wereWe learn these politeness rules very_（33）on in life, from around age three. “How old are you?” asks Auntie Ann at little Jimmys fourth birthday party. Im four,_（34）Jimmy. And then he says, How old are you? But Auntie Ann wont say. And_（35）,Jimmy learns that one thing you should never_（36）is ask a lady her_（37）!This is one of the rules of polite_（38）which is found in cultures and languages in many parts of the_（39）,but not everywhere In some Asian cultures questions about age are very_（40）Its just their way of being friendly.31.【题干】_.【选项】AconversationBageCmarriedDsaysEcommonFgenerallyGearlyHasksIgraduallyJdoKoldLworld【答案】C【解析】由空格前的were可知，空格处需要填一个形容词。结合选项，根据句意可知，这里是指问他们是否结婚了，故此处应填married（已婚的）。【考点】32.【题干】_.【选项】AconversationBageCmarriedDsaysEcommonFgenerallyGearlyHasksIgraduallyJdoKoldLworld【答案】K【解析】由空格后的were可知，空格处需要填一个形容词。结合选项，根据句意可知，这里是指问他们多大了，故此处应填old（老的）。【考点】33.【题干】_.【选项】AconversationBageCmarriedDsaysEcommonFgenerallyGearlyHasksIgraduallyJdoKoldLworld【答案】G【解析】由空格前的动词learn可知，空格处需要填一个副词。根据后文的around age three（大约三岁）可知，这里是指我们很早就知道这些礼貌规则，故此处应填early（早）。【考点】34.【题干】_.【选项】AconversationBageCmarriedDsaysEcommonFgenerallyGearlyHasksIgraduallyJdoKoldLworld【答案】D【解析】由句意可知，此处应填一个动词。根据后文的says也可知，此处应填says（说）。【考点】35.【题干】_.【选项】AconversationBageCmarriedDsaysEcommonFgenerallyGearlyHasksIgraduallyJdoKoldLworld【答案】I【解析】由句子结构可知，此处应填一个副词。根据句意可知，此处应填gradually（渐渐地）。【考点】36.【题干】_.【选项】AconversationBageCmarriedDsaysEcommonFgenerallyGearlyHasksIgraduallyJdoKoldLworld【答案】J【解析】由空格前的should可知，此处应填一个动词。根据句意可知，这里是指你从不应该做的一件事，故此处应填do（做）。【考点】37.【题干】_.【选项】AconversationBageCmarriedDsaysEcommonFgenerallyGearlyHasksIgraduallyJdoKoldLworld【答案】B【解析】由空格前的物主代词her可知，此处应填一个名词。根据句