linux下安装oracle11g详解

linux下安装oracle11g详解不同于windows的图形化界面操作的便利，linux下安装oracle需要手工做很多的设置。下面是我综合了网上的许多文章，并通过VMWare中的centos5.6下成功安装oracle11g R2的全部过程。 1、将下载的两个安装文件上传到linux环境中，oracle11g R2有两个压缩文件，linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip和linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip，直接使用upzip命令将两个压缩包都解压缩到database目录下面 2、安装包检测和安装，在终端中执行命令 rpm -q gcc make binutils setarch compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c+ compat-libstdc+ compat-libstdc+-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel libaio-devel sysstat，显示结果如下 vel sysstat gcc-4.1.2-42.el5 make-3.81-3.el5 binutils-.6-6.el5 setarch-2.0-1.1 package compat-db is not installed package compat-gcc is not installed package compat-gcc-c+ is not installed package compat-libstdc+ is not installed package compat-libstdc+-devel is not installed unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1 package unixODBC-devel is not installed package libaio-devel is not installed package sysstat is not installed分析：上面package软件包is not installed部分说明此软件包没有安装，您可以再光盘里面找，再用rpm -ivh安装就行，这些包在centos安装盘中都用；或者直接用yum install软件包来安装，具体操作如下：yum install compat-db安装成功Installed: compat-db.i386 0:4.2.52-5.1 Complete!yum install compat* (这个包比较多，要稍等一会，不急先抽根烟吧。)安装成功Installed: compat*. Complete!yum install unixODBC-devel安装成功Installed: unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1 Complete!yum install libaio-devel安装成功Installed: libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-3.2 Complete!yum install sysstat安装成功Installed: sysstat.i386 0:7.0.2-1.el5 Complete!说明：您可以再执行一次rpm -q软件包组合 具体如下：gcc-4.1.2-42.el5make-3.81-3.el5binutils-.6-6.el5setarch-2.0-1.1compat-db-4.2.52-5.1package compat-gcc is not installedpackage compat-gcc-c+ is not installedpackage compat-libstdc+ is not installedpackage compat-libstdc+-devel is not installedunixODBC-2.2.11-7.1unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2sysstat-7.0.2-1.el5如上所述：还是有4个软件包没有安装，这个不用理会，其实我们刚才安装的compat包已经包含了；可以继续下一步了。3、系统参数和用户等设置 /系统参数设置 vi /etc/sysctl.conf在文件最后增加如下内容之后保存 #Below for oracle11g kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.core.rmem_default = 4194304 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576参数内容一个都不能少，参数数值要与上面的保持一致，否则会导致后续安装失败 /添加用户组和用户 #groupadd dba #groupadd oinstall #useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba #passwd oracle /新建目录权限执行如下命令： #mkdir -p /u01 #chown -R oracle:dba /u01 #chmod -R 755 /u01 /用户环境变量先切换用户到oracle: suoracle修改.bash_profile文件： vi .bash_profile #oracle environment add from 2011-08-01 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/ export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:ORACLE_HOME/lib export NLS_.ZHS16GBK export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data unset USERNAME umask 0224、安装oracle注销root，用oracle用户登录进入oracle所在的目录database,执行如下命令 ./runInsaller进入下一步，直到安装选择，选择仅安装数据库软件下一步，选择单实例数据库安装下一步，语言选择英文和简体中文下一步，数据库版本选择企业版数据库下一步，安装路径和文件清单选择默认的位置进入先决条件检查，通常会遇到以下几个错误1）交换空间不够，最小为1.73G解决方案：在root用户下进行首先先建立一个分区，采用dd命令比如dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=512000这样就会创建/home/swap这么一个分区文件。文件的大小是512000个block，一般情况下1个block为1K，所以这里空间是512M。接着再把这个分区变成swap分区。/sbin/mkswap /home/swap再接着使用这个swap分区。使其成为有效状态。/sbin/swapon /home/swap现在再用free -m命令查看一下内存和swap分区大小，就发现增加了512M的空间了。不过当计算机重启了以后，发现swap还是原来那么大，新的swap没有自动启动，还要手动启动。那我们需要修改/etc/fstab文件，增加如下一行/home/swap swap swap defaults 0 0你就会发现你的机器自动启动以后swap空间也增大了2）内核参数太小，预测值为6815744解决方案：通过/etc/sysctl.conf中的file-max变量设置、3) ip_local_port_range预测值between 9000&65500解决方案：通过/etc/sysctl.conf中的ip_local_port_range变量设置3）内核参数wmen_max太小解决方案：通过/etc/sysctl.conf中的wmen_max变量设置4）打开的文件描述符最大值：65536，最大用户进程数16384解决方案通过/etc/security/limits.conf中增加如下命令oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 655365）aio-max-nr，预测值1048576解决方案：/etc/sysctl.conf中增加如下命令fs.aio-max-nr=10485766）缺失pdksh-5.2.14包，通过命令yum yum install pkdsh-5.2.14来安装先决条件检查通过之后，下一步安装数据库软件，安装之后需要使用root用户执行/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh/u01/app/oracle/root.sh5、安装net configuration assistant在终端中执行命令netca，所有操作下一步即可ps -ef可以查看Listener是否配置成功6、创建数据库在终端中执行命令dbca,下一步，到数据库名称设置界面，数据库名和sid都录入orcl下一步，可以选择内容分配和字符集，也可以选择默认设置，之后直到安装成功7、关于netca命令创建监听程序失败的解决方案安装监听程序有时会遇到下面的错误# An unexpected error has been detected by HotSpot Virtual Machine:#SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x00002aaabd6b69f1, pid=9743, tid=47386144937312# Java VM: Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (1.5.0_17-b03 mixed mode)# Problematic frame:# Clibclntsh.so.11.1+0x62a9f1snlinGetAddrInfo+0x1b1#-T H R E A D-Current thread (0x0000000045296b10):JavaThread main _thread_in_native, id=9743siginfo:si_signo=11, si_errno=0, si_code=1, si_addr=0x0000000000000010Registers:RAX=0x0000000000000000, RBX=0x00002aaabf6b17a0, RCX=0x00007fffe6625730, RDX=0x0000000000000000RSP=0x00007fffe66255c0, RBP=0x00007fffe6625720, RSI=0x00002aaabef5ebce, RDI=0x00007fffe662576aR8 =0x00007fffe66257a8, R9 =0x0000000000000003, R10=0x00007fffe6625760, R11=0x0000000000000000R12=0x0000000000000000, R13=0x00007fffe6625730, R14=0x0000000000000000, R15=0x0000000000000000RIP=0x00002aaabd6b69f1, EFL=0x0000000000010246, CSGSFS=0x0000000000000033, ERR=0x0000000000000004TRAPNO=0x000000000000000eTop of Stack: (sp=0x00007fffe66255c0)0x00007fffe66255c0:00000000616d6f64 00000000000000000x00007fffe66255d0:0000000000000000 00000000000000000x00007fffe66255e0:0000000000000000 0000000000000000Instructions: (pc=0x00002aaabd6b69f1)0x00002aaabd6b69e1:c3 45 31 db e9 f1 fe ff ff 48 8b 83 a8 02 00 000x00002aaabd6b69f1:0f b6 40 10 a8 02 74 0c 4c 8d 15 b0 81 8a 01 4dStack: 0x00007fffe642a000,0x00007fffe662a000),sp=0x00007fffe66255c0,free space=2029kNative frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)Clibclntsh.so.11.1+0x62a9f1snlinGetAddrInfo+0x1b1C libnjni11.so+0x132b5Java_oracle_net_common_NetGetEnv_getDNSDomain+0mon.NetGetEnv.getDNSDomain()Ljava/lang/String;+0.ca.ConfigureProfile.setDefaultProfileParams()V+0.ca.InitialSetup.setupConfigObjects()V+204.ca.InitialSetup.(Ljava/lang/String;)V+859.ca.NetCA.main(Ljava/lang/String;)V+96vStubRoutines:call_stubVlibjvm.so+0x385fe5Vlibjvm.so+0x56ac99Vlibjvm.so+0x385df5Vlibjvm.so+0x3b3785Vlibjvm.so+0x3a4695Cjava+0x1fd6strcmp+0x796Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)mon.NetGetEnv.getDNSDomain()Ljava/lang/String;+0.ca.ConfigureProfile.setDefaultProfileParams()V+0.ca.InitialSetup.setupConfigObjects()V+204.ca.InitialSetup.(Ljava/lang/String;)V+859.ca.NetCA.main(Ljava/lang/String;)V+96vStubRoutines:call_stub根据堆栈分析是由于获取默认的主机名失败导致的需要修改/etc/sysconfig/network如下NETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=test11gGATEWAY=同时也需要修改/etc/hosts如下：# Do not remove the following line, or various programs# that require network functionality will fail. localhost.localdomain localhost test11g当然主机名test11g可以根据自己的需要修改Oracle用户推出登录重新启动执行netca命令即可成功安装监听程序。8、安装数据库，打开OUI报错While installing Oracle database 10.2.0 on RHEL 5 (Redhat Enterprise Linux) or OEL 5 (Oracle Enterprise Linux), you get the following error before Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) gets invoked.Exception java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory occurred. java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /tmp/OraInstall/jre/1.4.2/lib/i386/libawt.so: libXp.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(Unknown Source) at java.lang.Runtime.loadLibrary0(Unknown Source) at java.lang.System.loadLibrary(Unknown Source) at sun.security.action.LoadLibraryAction.run(Unknown Source) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at sun.awt.NativeLibLoader.loadLibraries(Unknown Source) at sun.awt.DebugHelper.(Unknown Source) at java.awt.Component.(Unknown Source) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiif.oiifm.OiifmGraphicInterfaceManager.(OiifmGraphicInterfaceManager.java:222) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicSessionInterfaceManager.createInterfaceManager(OiicSessionInterfaceManager.java:193) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicSessionInterfaceManager.getInterfaceManager(OiicSessionInterfaceManager.java:202) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstaller.getInterfaceManager(OiicInstaller.java:436) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstaller.runInstaller(OiicInstaller.java:926) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstaller.main(OiicInstaller.java:866) Exception in thread main java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError at oracle.sysman.oii.oiif.oiifm.OiifmGraphicInterfaceManager.(OiifmGraphicInterfaceManager.java:222) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicSessionInterfaceManager.createInterfaceManager(OiicSessionInterfaceManager.java:193) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicSessionInterfaceManager.getInterfaceManager(OiicSessionInterfaceManager.java:202) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiif.oiifm.OiifmAlert.(OiifmAlert.java:151) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstaller.runInstaller(OiicInstaller.java:984) at oracle.sysman.oii.oiic.OiicInstaller.main(OiicInstaller.java:866)解决：打开Linux 安装盘， server 找到 libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm 安装。最简单的办法yum install libXp即可。linux下sqlplus /nolog命令报错的解决方案centos5.6下成功安装了oracle11g之后，运行sqlplus /nolog之后，提示了下面的错误error while loading shared libraries: /u01/app/oracle/product//lib/libclntsh.so.11.1: cannot restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied连接失败，原因是由于linux开启SELINUX的问题，需要关闭SELINX用root用户登录之后，执行如下命令：/usr/sbin/setenforce 0成功执行之后，即可成功运行sqlplus /nolog命令，即可成功连接oracle实例#Oracle转linux下oracle监听器启动与关闭对于DBA来说，启动和关闭oracle监听器是很基础的任务，但是Linux系统管理员或者程序员有时也需要在开发数据库中做一些基本的DBA操作，因此了解一些基本的管理操作对他们来说很重要。 本文将讨论用LSNRCTL命令启动、关闭和查看监听器的状态的方法。特别注意，监听器启动与关闭的命令必须在sqlplus连接之前，即oracle* 下面运行，不能在连接之后SQL之下运行。否则会提示 unknown command lsnrctl *怎样启动、关闭和重新启动oracle监听器在启动、关闭或者重启oracle监听器之前确保使用lsnrctl status命令检查oracle监听器的状态。除了得到监听器的状态之外，你还可以从lsnrctl status命令的输出中得到如下的信息：监听器的启动时间监听器的运行时间监听器参数文件listener.ora的位置，通常位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下监听器日志文件的位置如果oracle监听器没用运行，你将得到如下的信息view plaincopy to clipboardprint?$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version .0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:39Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)TNS-12541: TNS:no listenerTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 111: Connection refusedConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)TNS-12541: TNS:no listenerTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version .0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:39Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)TNS-12541: TNS:no listenerTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 111: Connection refusedConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)TNS-12541: TNS:no listenerTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory如果oracle监听器正在运行，你将得到如下信息view plaincopy to clipboardprint?$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version .0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:02Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)STATUS of the LISTENERAlias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version .0 - ProductionStart Date 29-APR-2009 18:43:13Uptime 6 days 21 hr. 43 min. 49 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)Services SummaryService “devdb” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceService “” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceService “devdbXDB.” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceService “devdb_XPT.” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceThe command completed successfully$ lsnrctl statusLSNRCTL for Linux: Version .0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:02Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)STATUS of the LISTENERAlias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version .0 - ProductionStart Date 29-APR-2009 18:43:13Uptime 6 days 21 hr. 43 min. 49 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)Services SummaryService “devdb” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceService “” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceService “devdbXDB.” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceService “devdb_XPT.” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceThe command completed successfully2.启动oracle监听器如果oracle监听器没用运行，你可以用lsnrctl start命令启动oracle监听器，该命令将启动所有的监听器，如果你只想启动特定的监听器，可以再start后面指定监听器的名字，例如：lsnrctl start listener-name。view plaincopy to clipboardprint?$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version .0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:42Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/bin/tnslsnr: please waitTNSLSNR for Linux: Version .0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xmlListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)STATUS of the LISTENERAlias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Linux: Version .0 - ProductionStart Date 04-APR-2009 16:27:42Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)Services SummaryService “devdb” has 1 instance(s).Instance “devdb”, status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this serviceThe command completed successfully$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version .0 - Production on 04-APR-2009 16:27:42Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/bin/tnslsnr: please waitTNSLSNR for Linux: Version .0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/devdb/listener/alert/log.xmlListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC)Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)STATUS of th